关键词: 春季气象条件, 农业生产, 气象灾害, 春播, 影响

Abstract: Based on the daily national meteorological data in spring in 2022, relationships between meteorological factors and agricultural production in China were analyzed using statistical methods. The results showed that the national average air temperature in spring in 2022 was 12.1℃, which was the highest during the same period since 1961. The national average air temperature in the first ten days and the second ten days in March, and also in the first ten days in April, was abnormally higher than the same period from 1991 to 2020. The national average air temperature in the second ten days in May was obviously lower than the same period in the normal year. The year 2022 was a typical cold year in late spring. The national average precipitation in spring in 2022 was 154.0 mm, which was more than that in the same period in the normal year. In particular, the average precipitation in Sichuan in spring this year was the most since 1961. The national average sunshine was 649.2 hours, close to the same period in the normal year. The suitable sunshine and temperature, and also good soil moisture conditions were favorable for winter wheat growth with delayed sowing date in autumn in 2021 in Northern China, and the delayed-sowing winter wheat growing conditions continued to improve and upgrade in spring in 2022. The meteorological conditions in spring in 2022 were generally conducive to winter wheat growth and yield increase per hectare. The soil moisture and temperature conditions were suitable in most of the spring sowing areas, and the influence of phased low temperature was relatively light, which was conducive to the sowing and emergence of crops in spring. The progress of spring sowing was generally faster than that of the previous year. The seedlings growed well. It was sunny during most of winter wheat mature and harvest period in southern China, and the wheat harvest progressed well. But obvious drought in western Liaoning was unfavorable to spring sowing. In the late spring, heavy rainfall occurred in the east of Jianghan, the south of Jianghuai, the west of South China and the Southwest China. There were many rainy days and little sunshine in the south of Southwest China. At the end of spring, hot and dry weather appeared in some wheat areas in Eastern North China, Huang Huai. The bad weather had a certain negative impact on spring sowing and late grain filling of winter wheat in some of the above regions.

Key words: Spring meteorological condition, Agricultural production, Meteorological disaster, Spring sowing, Influence