Temporal and Spatial Variations of Agro-meteorological Disasters of Main Crops in China in a Changing Climate (Ⅲ):Drought of Summer Maize in North China Plain

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.04.001

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the 1961-2010 daily meteorological data from 36 meteorological stations and the 1981-2010 growth period data of summer maize from 23 agricultural meteorological stations, the spatial distribution and evolution trend of drought for summer maize in different growth period were analyzed by using the crop water deficit index (CWDI). The results showed that light drought was the most frequent during different growth periods of summer maize in North China Plain. During the period from sowing to jointing, the occurrence frequency of light drought ranged from one time in five years (20%) to two times in three years (33%) in most regions; During the period from jointing to tasseling, the light drought was mainly concentrated in the boundary area of Hebei, Henan and Shandong province and the occurrence frequency ranged from one time in five years to two times in three years; During the period from tasseling to maturity, the light drought was mainly concentrated in the central of Hebei and occurred one time in three years. The light drought in whole stages mainly occurred in most regions of Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, the north of Henan and the west of Shandong, which occurred one time in three years. During 1961-2010, the whole region drought during sowing to jointing and tasseling to maturity were most frequent, the highest ratio of drought occurring stations occurred in 1990s; The drought strength during tasseling to maturity increased obviously in the southeast of Shandong and east of Hebei. Light drought occurred most frequently among the drought frequency at all grades during different growth periods of summer maize. The drought occurrence frequency during the period from sowing to jointing and the period from tasseling to maturity was higher than the other growth periods. The occurrence frequency of light drought was higher during the whole growing period and the center of light drought mainly concentrated in most part of Hebei province, Beijing, Tianjin, Northern Henan province and Western Shandong province with a drought frequency of more than 33%. The whole regional drought mainly occurred from sowing to jointing and tasseling to maturity during which the drought range was wider. Furthermore, the trend of drought strength for different growth stages of summer maize in North China Plain increased in northern Hebei province and decreased in southern Henan province.

Key words: Agricultural drought, Crop water deficit index, Drought occurring stations ratio

WAN Neng-han，YANG Xiao-guang，LIU Zhi-juan，HE Bin，SUN Shuang. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Agro-meteorological Disasters of Main Crops in China in a Changing Climate (Ⅲ):Drought of Summer Maize in North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(04): 209-219.

References

[1]Edenhofer O,Seyboth K.Intergovernmental panel on climate change(IPCC)[J].Encyclopedia of Energy Natural Resource & Environmental Economics,2013,26(D14):48-56. [2]黄琰,封国林,董文杰.50年中国气温、降水极值分区的时空变化特征[J].气象学报,2011,69(1):125-136. Huang Y,Feng G, Dong W J.Temporal changes in the patterns of extreme air and precipitation in the various regions of China in recent 50 years[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2011,69(1):125- 136.(in Chinese) [3]杨建莹,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北地区气候资源的空间分布特征[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(S1):1-5. Yang J Y,Mei X R,Yang C R,et al.Study on spatial pattern of climatic resources in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(Supp1):1-5.(in Chinese) [4]胡亚南,李阔,许吟隆.1951-2010年华北平原农业气象灾害特征分析及粮食减产风险评估[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2): 197-203. Hu Y N,Li K,Xu Y L.Characteristic analysis of agricultural meteorological disasters and risk assessment of the crop loss in North China Plain during 1951-2010[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(2):197-203.(in Chinese) [5]于振文.作物栽培学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013. Yu Z W.The theory of crop cultivation[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2013. [6]肖俊夫,刘战东,陈玉民.中国玉米需水量与需水规律研究[J]玉米科学,2008,16(4):21-25 Xiao J F,Liu Z D,Chen Y M.Study on the water requirement and water requirement regulation of maize in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2008,16(4):21-25.(in Chinese) [7]庄严,梅旭荣,龚道枝,等.华北平原不同基因型夏玉米水分-产量响应关系[J]中国农业气象,2010,31(1):65-68． Zhuang Y,Mei X R,Gong D Z,et al.Yield response of different genotypic maize to water in North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(1):65-68.(in Chinese) [8]王宏,余锦华,李宗涛,等.基于Z指数的河北省旱涝多尺度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(1):43-47. Wang H,Yu J H,Li Z T,et al.Multi-time scale characteristics of drought and flood based on Z index in Hebei province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2012,28(1):43-47. (in Chinese) [9]黄玉贞,张玉龙,王芳.阜新地区干旱发生规律研究[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(2):45-49． Huang Y Z,Zhang Y L,Wang F.Study on drought characteristics in Fuxin,Liaoning province[J].Journal of Meteorology Environment,2010,26(2):45-49.(in Chinese) [10]商彦蕊.农业旱灾研究进展[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004, 20(4):101-105. Shang Y R.Progression of agricultural drought study[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2004,20(4):101-105. (in Chinese) [11]许玲燕,王慧敏,段琪彩,等.基于SPEI的云南省夏玉米生长季干旱时空特征分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1024-1034. Xu L Y,Wang H M,Duan Q C,et al.The temporal and spatial distribution of droughts during summer corn growth in Yunnan Province based on SPEI[J].Resources Science,2013, 35(5):1024-1034.(in Chinese) [12]王明田,王翔,黄晚华,等.基于相对湿润度指数的西南地区季节性干旱时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19): 85-92. Wang M T,Wang X,Huang W H,et al.Tempoal and Spatial distribution of seasonal drought in Southwest of China based on relative moisture index[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012, 28(19):85-92.(in Chinese) [13]刘宗元,张建平,罗红霞,等.基于农业干旱参考指数的西南地区玉米干旱时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2): 105-115. Liu Z Y,Zhang J P,Luo H X,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of maize drought in Southwest of China based on agricultural reference index for drought[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(2):105-115.(in Chinese) [14]蔡福,张淑杰,纪瑞鹏,等.近30年辽宁玉米水分适宜度时空演变特征及农业干旱评估[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):233-240. Cai F,Zhang S J,Ji R P,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of maize water suitability and assessment of agricultural drought in Liaoning Province,China from 1981 to 2010[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1): 233-240.(inChinese) [15]黄晚华,杨晓光,曲辉辉,等.基于作物水分亏缺指数的春玉米季节性干旱时空特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(8):28-34. Huang W H,Yang X G,Qu H H,et al.Analysis of spatio- temporal characteristic on seasonal drought of spring maize based on crop water deficit index[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(8):28-34.(in Chinese) [16]张淑杰,张玉书,纪瑞鹏,等.东北地区玉米干旱时空特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):231-236. Zhang S J,Zhang Y S,Ji R P.et al.Analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics of drought for maize in Northeast China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(1):231-236. (in Chinese) [17]薛昌颖,马志红,胡程达.近40a黄淮海地区夏玉米生长季干旱时空特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2016, 25(2):1-14. Xue C Y,Ma Z H,Hu C D.Spatio-temporal characteristics of drought during summer maize growing season in Huang-Huai- Hai area for recent 40 years[J].Journal of Natural Disasters, 2016,25(2):1-14.(in Chinese) [18]张建军,盛绍学,王晓东.安徽省夏玉米生长季干旱时空特征分析[J].干旱气象,2014,32(2):163-168. Zhang J J,Sheng S X,Wang X D.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought during summer corn growing season in Anhui Province[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2014,32(2): 163-168.(in Chinese) [19]尹海霞,张勃,张建香,等.近50年来甘肃省河东地区春玉米干旱时空特征分析[J].资源科学,2012, 34(12):184-186. Yin H X,Zhang B,Zhang J X,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics of drought and spring maize in eastern Gansu[J]. Resources Science,2012,34(12):184-186.(in Chinese) [20]梅旭荣,刘勤,严昌荣,等.中国主要农作物生育阶段图集[M].杭州:浙江科技出版社,2016. Mei X R,Liu Q,Yang C R,et al.The altas of main agricultutal crops’ growth period in China[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,2016.(in Chinese) [21]张艳红,吕厚荃,李森.作物水分亏缺指数在农业干旱监测中的适用性[J].气象科技,2008,36(5):596-600. Zhang Y H,Lv H Q,Li S.Applicability of crop water deficit index in agricultural drought monitoring[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2008,36(5):596-600.(in Chinese) [22]Allen R G,Pereira L S,Raes D,et al.Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements[M].Rome: FAO,1998. [23]黄晚华,杨晓光,李茂松,等.基于标准化降水指数的中国南方季节性干旱近58a演变特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26 (7):50-59. Huang W H,Yang X G,Li M S,et al.Evolution characteristics of seasonal drought in the south of China during the past 58 years based on standardized precipitation index[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(7):50-59.(in Chinese) [24]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:36-37. Wei F Y.Modern climatic statistical diagnosis and prediction technology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007:36-37. [25]王建国.中国气象灾害大典(山东卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,2007. Wang J G.China meteorological disaster classics(Shandong)[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007. (in Chinese) [26]臧建生.中国气象灾害大典(河北卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,2007. Zang J S.China meteorological disaster classics(Hebei)[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007.(in Chinese) [27]庞天荷.中国气象灾害大典(河南卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,2007. Pang T H.China meteorological disaster classics(Henan)[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2007.(in Chinese) [28]王占彪,王猛,尹小刚,等.气候变化背景下华北平原夏玉米各生育期水热时空变化特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4): 473-481. Wang Z B,Wang M,Yin X G,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics of heat and rainfall changes in summer maize season under climate change in the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(4):473-481.(in Chinese) [29]董朝阳,杨晓光,杨婕,等.中国北方地区春玉米干旱的时间演变特征和空间分布规律[J].中国农业科学, 2013,46(20): 4234-4245. Dong C Y,Yang X G,Yang J,et al.The temporal variation characteristics and spatial distribution laws of drought of spring maize in Northern China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(20):4234-4245.(in Chinese) [30]白向历,孙世贤,杨国航,等.不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米产量及生长发育的影响[J].玉米科学,2009, 17(2):60-63. Bai X L,Sun S X,Yang G H,et al.Effect of water stress on maize yield during different growing stages[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(2):60-63.(in Chinese) [31]徐英,李曼华,李辉,等.不同发育期的干旱对华北地区夏玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(1): 108-112. Xu Y,Li M H,Li H,et al.Effects of drought on the growth and yield of maize at different stages over the North China plain[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2017,33 (1):108-112.(in Chinese)