Abstract: Based on the cotton data of the plant protection department and meteorological data of the meteorological department from 1980 to 2009 in the southwest of Shandong province, the possible effect of climate factors on cotton were analyzed, and this provides reference for high cotton production in the local area. Using professional data processing system DPS, several most dominant meteorological factors that affect cotton growth, yield and quality are chosen, and its correlation and effects were analyzed. The results showed that the cotton lint percentage had a significant negative correlation to the rainfall in July. Sufficient sunshine in August is better for cotton boll splitting and opening. The cotton bolls weight severely decreases, when the rainfall is high in September. Moreover, it increases when the mean temperature rises in May and August. The weight of cotton bolls has positive correlation with the sunshine duration, i.e., the longer the sunshine duration, the heavier the cotton bolls weight. Appropriate rainfall is beneficial to the cotton fiber length. On the other hand, the cotton fiber length reduces if the rainfall is too much. The yield of raw cotton and seed cotton weight has a significant positive correlation to the annual mean temperature, which means that the cotton yield increases when the temperature is higher.

Key words: Climate factors, Cotton, Yield output, Quality