Responses of Winter Wheat Phenology to Accumulated Temperature during Growing Periods in Northern China Wheat Belt

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.04.003

Abstract

Abstract: Based on data collected from 19 agro-meteorological stations located in the winter wheat belt of Northern China from 1993 to 2013, this study analyzed temporal and spatial variability of winter wheat phenology and accumulated temperature in each growing period. Pearson correlation analysis and other methods were used to analyze the effects of accumulated temperature in each growing period on winter wheat phenology. The results showed that,（1）the spatial distribution of ≥0℃accumulated temperature during sowing to emergence and regreening to jointing periods along with the negative accumulated temperature value during the overwintering period (NATop) increased from east to west, and ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during jointing to heading, heading to milk-ripe, milk-ripe to maturity and sowing to maturity periods increased from southeast to northwest, while the distribution during emergency to start of overwintering period was contrary. The ≥0℃accumulated temperature for jointing to heading and milk-ripe to maturity periods decreased significantly at 21% of the investigated stations. The value of NATop, ≥0℃accumulated temperature during regreening to jointing, heading to milk-ripe and sowing to maturity periods increased significantly at 42%, 26%, 37% and 21% of the investigated stations, respectively. The variations of ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during sowing to emergency and emergency to the start of overwintering periods were much smaller. (2) Sowing and emergency date in the east was later than the counterpart in the west, of which variation trend was contrary to heading, milk-ripe and maturity date. Start of overwintering date in the southeast was later than the counterpart in the northwest, of which variation trend was contrary to regreening date. The stations of earlier jointing date were mainly located in the east. Sowing, emergency, regreening, jointing, milk-ripe and maturity date delayed significantly at 21%, 16%, 37%, 26%, 42% and 21% of the investigated stations, respectively. And most of these stations were in the east of the study area. Overwintering and heading date changed significantly only at 5% of the investigated stations. (3) Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between ≥0℃ accumulated temperature (or NATop) and multiple development stages was significant, which indicated that the growth and development of winter wheat might be directly or indirectly influenced by the accumulated temperature during growing periods. The NATop had the highest correlation with regreening, jointing, heading, milk-ripe and maturity date, and showed consistent spatiotemporal variation characteristics with multiple post-winter development stages. Spatiotemporal variability of the NATop might be the factor that caused spatiotemporal variations of winter wheat post-winter phenology.

Key words: Winter wheat, Phenology, Accumulated temperature requirement, Negative accumulated temperature during the overwintering period, Northern China winter wheat belt

MA Qian-qian，HE Yong，ZHANG Meng-ting，ZHANG Cong，XU Yin-long. Responses of Winter Wheat Phenology to Accumulated Temperature during Growing Periods in Northern China Wheat Belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(04): 233-244.

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