Abstract:

Based on daily meteorological observation data from approximately 1800 meteorological stations and agrometeorological observation data from 295 agrometeorological stations in the summer harvested grain and oil crops (winter wheat and rape) in 2025, statistical analysis, satellite remote sensing and field investigations were employed to analyze the climatic suitability, disaster indices and crop growth conditions during the growing seasons of winter wheat and rape. This study assessed the advantages and disadvantages of meteorological conditions on the growth, development and yield formation of summer harvested grain and oil crops. The results showed that most of production areas experienced abundant light and heat during the winter wheat and rape growing periods of 2024/2025(from Oct in 2024 to May in 2025). However, the overall precipitation was relatively low and exhibited an uneven temporal and spatial distribution. Severe spring droughts occurred in Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces negatively impacted the increase in the thousand−grain weight of winter wheat. In Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, intermittent rainy weather accompanied by severe convective events in the spring, and periodic droughts during the autumn sowing period hindered the growth and development of rape. Still, the impact had been relatively modest. During the maturity and harvesting stages of the summer harvested of grain and rapeseed, predominantly sunny and favorable weather conditions prevailed. During the maturity and harvesting stage of winter wheat and rape, mostly sunny and favorable weather ensured smooth progress and high−quality harvesting. Overall, the meteorological conditions during the winter wheat growing season of 2024/2025 were characterized by favorable light and temperature conditions, but the water conditions deteriorated over time. In contrast, the meteorological conditions during the rapeseed growing season were more favorable than both the 30y average and the 2023/2024 season.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rape, Agrometeorological conditions, Climatic suitability, Meteorological disasters, Drought