Table of Content

10 June 2008, Volume 29 Issue 03

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Study on Adaptation Measures of Wheat Production in Linyi of Shandong Province Based on CERES Crop Model

YUAN Jing,XU Yin-long(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2008, 29(03):  251-255. 

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The wheat production during 2071-2100(2080s) was simulated in Linyi of Shandong Province under A2 and B2 emission scenarios based on the CERES-Wheat crop model associated with the climate change scenario produced by the UK Hadley Centre regional climate model-PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies).The results showed that keeping wheat variety and field managements unchanged,under A2 and B2 emission scenarios,by 2080s the growing season would shorten,and the wheat yield would decrease.If the fertilization effect of CO2 was considered,it would compensate for the negative impact of temperature increases.If the sowing date was delayed and other measures didn't be changed,the wheat yield would increase and growing season would prolong.Breeding the wheat cultivar with more grain number per ear or introducing into the winter wheat by spring character,the wheat yield would increase.The delayed sowing date,breeding the wheat cultivar with more grain number per ear or introducing into the winter wheat by spring character would reduce the adverse impacts of climate change on wheat production in Linyi.

Chaotic Neural Network Model for Predicting Relative Humidity in Hotan of Xinjiang Autonomous Region

ZHANG Gao-feng1,2,HUANG Ling-mei1,SHEN Bing1,ZHANG Xiao-wei1,QIN Sheng-ying3(1.Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environmental Ecology,Ministry of Education,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China; 2.Shaanxi Modern Architecture Design and Research Institute;3.Administration Bureau of Hotan River)

2008, 29(03):  256-258. 

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According to the insufficiency of a single index in identifying the chaotic character,the Hurst exponent,lyapunov exponent and saturated correlation dimensions were used to identify the chaotic characteristics of the relative humidity in Hotan.The chaotic neural network model was established.The monthly average relative humidity for the period of 1954-2002 was simulated and predicted for the period of 2003-2004.The average relative error was 2.96% for the simulation and 0.85% for the prediction respectively.The validation results indicated that the model had a relative high accuracy.

Sensitivity Analysis on Parameters of ALMANAC Crop Model

LIU Gang,XIE Yun,GAO Xiao-Fei,FENG Yan-Jie(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/ School of Geography,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

2008, 29(03):  259-263. 

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The data of field experiments for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and summer maize(Zea mays L.) from 2000 to 2003 in Yucheng County of Shandong Province were used to validate the simulation of the model ALMANAC and calibrate the crop parameters,in order to build model database conveniently and reduce the uncertainty of the model simulation.The One-at-a Time method(OTA) was adopted to analyze sensitivities of the soil and crop parameters.The validation results showed that the model ALMANAC could preferably simulate the dynamic changes of the yields and leaf area indexes of wheat and maize.The relative error of simulated yields for wheat and maize was-8.6%~6.0% and-3.5%~7.2% respectively,while the relative error of simulated leaf area indexes for wheat and maize was-13.1%~14.8% and-13.0%~12.2% respectively.The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the runoff curve number,bulk density,field capacity and soil thickness among all of soil parameters had the most significant influence on the simulation results,while the initial soil water content and wilting point were in the next place,and the silt content,sand content and soil albedo were in the third place.The harvest index,biomass-energy ratio,potential heat unit,fraction of leaf area increment season to growing season among crop parameters had the most significant influence on the simulation results,while the optimal temperature,extinction coefficient,ambient temperature,maximum root depth,maximum LAI,plant population parameter were in the next place,and the decline rate of the biomass-energy ratio,leaf area development curve,decline rate of the leaf area index were in the third place.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Differences Between Evapotranspiration and Precipitation in Inner Mongolian Steppe during Warm Season

YAN Wei-xiong1,CHEN Su-hua1,Wulanbateer1,ZHANG Hua1,ZHANG Yong-xia2(1.Centre of Ecology and Agrometeorology of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China;2.College of Life Sciences,Ningxia University)

2008, 29(03):  264-267. 

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The variations of differences between the evapotranspiration and precipitation in the grassland ecosystem were studied to reveal the water circulation and the productivity in the grassland under the climate change conditions.Based on the climate data of 38 stations throughout the Inner Mongolian steppe during 1960 to 2004,the spatial and temporal variations of differences between the evapotranspiration and the precipitation during April to August were studied,by using Penman-Monteith formula.The results showed that the main spatial anomaly feature of the differences between the evapotranspiration and the precipitation during warm season was coincidently high or low.The steppe could be divided into four anomaly regions in accordance with differences between the evapotranspiration and the precipitation.With times lapse,the differences between the evapotranspiration and the precipitation showed a declining tendency during past 45 years.

Impacts of Climate Change over Last 35 Years on Rice Growing Period and Yield in Heilongjiang Province

WANG Ping1,LI Ting-quan2,YAN Ping1,ZHU Hai-xia1,JI Yang-hui1,HAN Jun-jie1,LI Tie2(1.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Heilongjiang,Harbin 150030,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province)

2008, 29(03):  268-271. 

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Based on the meteorological data of 38 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2005 in the main rice production areas of Heilongjiang Province,taken the temperature,precipitation and sunshine as the main meteorological factors,the spatial and temporal,annual and inter-decade changes of the average temperature,precipitation and sunshine in the west,the south and the middle-south rice areas of Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.The results showed that the average temperature increased by 0.9℃in growth period of rice over last 35 years due to the global warming.The rate of the temperature increase was by 0.3℃ per decade.The annual change of the precipitation widely fluctuated.The precipitation increased from 1970s to 1990s,while it decreased until the beginning of the 21 century.The sunshine duration during the growing period of the rice decreased in 1980s,increased in 1990s and decreased since the beginning of the 21 century.Due to the global warming,all growing periods of rice except for the heading and maturity period had been advanced with the time lapse.The temperature was a main meteorological factor which influenced on a bumper crop of rice or rice failed in Heilongjiang Province.

Research Progresses and Regulating Methods of Field Water Use Efficiency

WANG Hui-xiao,CAI Yan(Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education/College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

2008, 29(03):  272-276. 

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The field water use efficiency is a key indicator for the water-saving agriculture research.It was divided into three aspects: irrigation water use coefficient,rain water use coefficient,and crop water use efficiency in this paper.These important indicators and calculating methods were respectively analyzed to set up an indicator system of the water use efficiency.The relevant regulating measurements for improving irrigation water use coefficient,rain water use coefficient,and crop water use efficiency were brought forward in order to realize efficient water use in the whole field ecosystem,which would provide scientific instruction for high efficient and sustainable use of agricultural water resources.

Climate Change over Last 47 Years in Zhangjiakou Region and its Impacts on Water Resources

ZHANG Yun-ping1,LIU Ai-mei1,MIAO Zhi-cheng1,WANG Juan-juan1,AN Lei2(1.Zhangjiakou Meteorological Bureau,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;2.Zhangjiakou Water Authority)

2008, 29(03):  277-280. 

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Based on the data in 1996-2006 in Zhangjiakou region,the change trends of the temperature,precipitation,runoff depth and burying depth of the ground water were statistically analyzed.The results indicated that the annual mean temperature in Zhangjiakou showed an increased trend by the rate of 0.4℃ per ten years since 1960.The temperature increased mainly in winter by the rate of 0.68℃ per ten years.The linear variation tendency of the precipitation was not obvious,but the departure of the yearly precipitation and the precipitation in summer showed an obvious periodic characteristic.The periods during 1966-1979 and 1990-1996 were with relative more precipitation,and during 1980-1989 and 1997-2006 with less precipitation.The periodic change of the precipitation led to a same change trend with the streamflow abundant or dry up in Qingshui River,but only with time lag slightly.The climate change and overexploitation of the ground water caused the continuous drawdown of the ground water.Therefore,responding to the climate change required the reasonable adjustment of agriculture structure,scientific utilization of water resources and protection of the ecological environment.

Influence of Cerium on Water Metabolism of Soybean Seedlings under Supplementary UV-B Radiation Stress

ZHANG Jun-wei,ZHOU Qing(Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University/College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

2008, 29(03):  281-284. 

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The soybean(Glycine max) seedlings were treated by Cerium and exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B,280-320nm) with hydroponics under laboratory conditions to study the influence of the Cerium(Ⅲ) on root activity,photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) of the soybean seedlings.The results of the static experiments showed that the root activity of the soybean seedlings declined under the 20mg·L-1 CeCl3 treatment induced by UV-B radiation.The Dynamic experimental results showed that the Pn and Tr of the soybean seedlings by 20mg·L-1 CeCl3 treatment increased comparing to the control.The UV-B radiation caused the decline of the Pn and Tr of the soybean seedlings,while the Ce(Ⅲ) plus UV-B treatments eased the decline trend of the Pn and Tr and accelerated their recovery paces.The water use efficiency(WUE) of soybean seedlings increased under UV-B radiation(0.15W·m-2) stress during first four days,and then decreased sharply during the recovery periods from the sixth day to ninth day.The WUE declined obviously under high dose UV-B radiation stress.The range of the WUE by Ce(Ⅲ) plus UV-B treatments was smaller than that by UV-B treatment,while its WUE increased at a faster pace during recovery periods from the seventh day to ninth day.The results of the experiments showed that the Ce(Ⅲ) played an effective role to ease the UV-B radiation stress on the water metabolism of soybean seedlings.

Micro-climatic Effects of Intercropped Peanut with Wheat and Its Influence on Peanut Growth and Development

GUO Feng1,2,WAN Shu-bo1,2,WANG Cai-bin3,LI Xin-guo1,2,MENG Jing-jing1,2,CHENG Bo3(1.High-tech Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;2.Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Crop,Animal and Poultry of Shandong Province;3.Shandong Peanut Research Institute)

2008, 29(03):  285-289. 

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Micro-climatic effects of the intercropped peanut with wheat(IP)and its influence on peanut growth and development were studied by comparing with pure-grown peanut(PP).The results showed that:1) The light intensity at both the soil surface and the top of the canopy in the IP field was less than that in the PP field,which was about 50% and 75% of PP field respectively.However,the differences of the light intensity between IP and PP fields decreased with the growing and development of the peanut.2) Average ground temperature at 10 cm in the IP field was higher than that in the PP field,while the average temperature at the top of the canopy in the IP field was lower than that in the PP field.3) The bulk density of the surface soil in the IP field was higher than that in the PP field,while the soil water content at each soil layer in the IP field was lower than that in the PP field.4) The maximum Leaf Area Index(LAI) by IP was smaller than that by PP,while the time of the maximum LAI reached was later than that by PP.Therefore,the relative greater green leaf areas were hold by the IP at the late growing stages of the peanut.5) The accumulating amounts and rate of the dry-matter were different in different organs between IP and PP.The reproductive growth of the IP was delayed,and total yield of IP was lower than that of PP.6) The maximum Crop Growth Rate(CGR) by IP was greater than that by PP,however,the time of the maximum CGR reached by IP was later than that by PP.The changes of the Net Assimulation Rate(NAR) both for IP and PP were same and showed a decreased trend.The Leaf Area Duration(LAD) by IP during the pod filling stage was higher than that by PP.

The Study of the Chinese Bayberry Climatic Potential Productivity in ZheJiang

GU Hao1,JING Yuan-shu1,SHEN Shuang-he1,JIN Zhi-feng2(1.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Climate Center of Zhejiang Province)

2008, 29(03):  290-293. 

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Based on the meteorological date of the precipitation,temperature,wind speed and sunshine hours from 1984 to 2006 in the eleven cities of Zhejiang Province,the photosynthetic potential productivity,photo-temperature potential productivity and photo-temperature-water climatic potential productivity of the Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra(Lour.) Sieb.et Zucc.) under the climate change scenario before and after the doubling of CO2 were simulated.The results showed that the solar radiation and heat resources met the growth requirements of the Chinese Bayberry in Zhejiang Province,while the main restrictive factor to the high yield of bayberry was the water condition.There existed the regional differences for the climatic potential productivity,where the climatic potential productivity in the eastern coastal areas was obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.According to the output produced by the GCM(General Circulation Model),after the doubling of CO2,the average temperature will rise by 2℃,precipitation will remain unchanged,the climatic potential productivity of the Chinese Bayberry in Zhejiang Province except for Lishui District will increase,where it will increase greater in the North than in the South of the Province.

Impacts of Climate Change over last 50 Years on Net Primary Productivity in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia

YUN Wen-li1,HOU Qiong1,Wulanbateer2 (1.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China;2.Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center of Inner Mongolia)

2008, 29(03):  294-297. 

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Based on the data of the monthly average temperature and precipitation from 1953 to 2003 in Xilinhot and applied the model of the net primary productivity(NPP) for the natural vegetation,NPP for the typical steppe taken Xilinhot as a representative region was calculated.The result showed that 1) The simulation results of NPP based on temperature and precipitation were consistent with the aboveground biomass measured in the typical steppe.2) Over last 50 years,the main characteristics of the climate change during the growing season in the typical steppe were with an obvious increase of the temperature in the spring and with a decrease of the precipitation in the summer and autumn.But the changes of the temperature and precipitation had an obvious influence on the annual change of the NPP,rather than on the change tendency of the NPP,which led to an increased range of the NPP changes since 1950s.3) For the typical steppe located in the semi-arid regions,the precipitation was the main limiting factor to the NPP.The rational allocation of water and heat resources would be beneficial to the forage growth in the typical steppe.

Study on Ecological Effect of Wetlands in Inner Mongolia

MIAO Bai-ling,Borina,HOU Qiong,ZHANG Zi-guo,YANG Ze-long,Ulan(Institute of Meteorological Science of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010051,China)

2008, 29(03):  298-303. 

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The data of micro-climate in two typical wetlands,namely Aershan and Dalinor wetlands in the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia was analyzed and compared with the climate data nearby meteorological stations.The conclusions were as follows: 1) The cold-humid effect in both wetland was remarkable;2) The rainfall precipitation was mainly affected by regional climate(namely macro-climate) instead of micro-climate;3) The cold-humid effect in the Aershan wetland located in the humid area was more obvious than that in of the Dalinor wetland located in the semi-arid area;4) The micro-climate effect had tremendous impacts on the community structure and species distribution.The quantity of mesophyte and hygrophyte in the Aershan wetland were larger than that in Dalinor wetland.Whereas,the diversity index,evenness index and richness index in the Aershan wetland were distinctly lower than that in the Dalinor wetland.

Influence of Temperature Conditions on Setting Percentage of Middle-late Hybrid Rice

GUO Meng-sheng1,ZHANG Hong-lin2,XIE Yong1,QIU Sheng-chun1,LIU Yue-qing2,LIU Hai-ping2,ZHANG Rui-xiang2(1.Meteorological Bureau of Ganzhou,Ganzhou 341000,China;2.Agricultural Research Institute of Ganzhou)

2008, 29(03):  304-307. 

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The date test was conducted in 2006 and 2007with four hybrid rice varieties,namely e-You 21,Tianliangyou 38,Qianliangyou 17 and Qianliangyou 39,to analyze the relationships between the setting percentage of the middle-late hybrid rice and temperature condition.The results showed that the setting percentage of the hybrid rice was closely related with the temperature conditions during the young panicle differentiation and heading-flowering period.The minimum temperature was one of the most significant factors affected the setting percentage of the hybrid rice.The sensitive period of the influence of the temperature on the setting percentage of the hybrid rice was from 20 days before and ten days after the heading period.However,the influence of the temperature on the setting percentage of the hybrid rice after the heading-flowering period was relative small.The critical period of the influence of the temperature conditions on the setting percentage for the hybrid rice variety e-You 21 was in the early young panicle differentiation and heading-flowering period,while it was within 20 days before the heading period for the hybrid rice variety Tianliangyou 38,Qianliangyou 17 and Qianliangyou 39.

Influence of Meteorological Factors During Pollination Stage on Characters of Glume-gaping Grains of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines in Rice

PENG Bai-chi1,LIU Xiao-xia2,ZHANG Gui-lian3,CHEN Li-yun3(1.Changde Meteorological Bureau,Changde 415000,China;2.Changde Agricultural Burea;3.Institute of Rice Research of Hunan Agricultural University)

2008, 29(03):  308-311. 

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Selected four cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines and their maintainers(b-lines) with distinct characters of glume-gaping grains(CGG) as experimental materials under three seeding dates,the relationship between the meteorological factors during pollination stage and the CGG of CMS lines were studied.The results showed that the percentage of glume-gaping grain(PGG) of the same CMS lines was significantly different under the different seeding dates in the natural conditions.The meteorological factors had impact on CGG.The precipitation and relative humidity during polination stage were significantly positively correlated with PGG,while sunshine hours during pollination stage were negatively correlated with PGG.The CMS lines with similar CGG had same response to the temperature.The PGG of the CMS lines with heavy CGG was negatively correlated with the temperature,while the PGG of the CMS lines with light CGG was positively correlated with the temperature.The CMS lines with heavy CGG were more sensitive to meteorological factors than the CMS lines with light CGG.The different CMS lines had different sensitiveness to meteorological factors.The results provided the references for enhancing quality of the hybrid rice seed production through strengthening the field management.

Growth Analysis of Three Representative Forages in Different Vertical Zones of the Southern Foot of East Qilian Mountains

XUE Xiao-juan1,2,LI Ying-nian1,DU Ming-yuan3,LIU An-hua1,2,ZHANG Fa-wei1,WANG Jian-lei1,2(1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;2.Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;3.National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan)

2008, 29(03):  312-315. 

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The potted planting experiments of three forages along the vertical zones of the southern foot of east Qilian Mountains were analyzed.The results showed that Festuca sinensis Keng could not germinate and grow at all of the altitudes except in 3400m,while both Elymus nutans Griseb and Poa crymophila Keng completed life history at the different altitudes.Moreover,the aboveground biomass,underground biomass and total biomass of Elymus nutans Grise and Poa crymophila Keng descended with altitudes ascended,and that the biomass of the former species was higher than the latter.Plant height and root length of two forages were different along altitudes ascended,which were highest for both forages in 3400m.Therefore,Elymus nutans Grise and Poa crymophila Keng were the selected as plating forages in the alpine steppes,while Festuca sinensis Keng required rigorous conditions for growth and was difficult to grow in the this area.

Studies on Eco-climatic Suitability of Poonen Citrus(Citrus poonensis Hort. Ex Tanaka) in Southeast Guizhou Province

CHI Zai-xiang1,LONG Xian-ju2,LIU Rong-rang3,PENG Zu-cai4,GU De-li2(1.Meteorological Bureau of Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553000,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Southeast Guizhou Prefecture;3.Meteorological Bureau of Congjang Country;4.Fruit Station of Fruit Development Company of Congjiang County)

2008, 29(03):  316-319. 

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Based on the analysis of the eco-climatic suitability of the Poonen Citrus(Citrus poonensis Hort.Ex Tanaka),the influence of the climatic factors on the yield of the Poonen Citrus was analyzed by using statistical method.The main ecological climatic indexes affected the growth of the Poonen Citrus were determined and the climate division for the Poonen Citrus planting in the mountain areas of the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture was made based on these indexes.The effective approaches in using the local climatic resources preferably were put forward.

Analysis of Relationships Between Fruit Development of Litchi(Litchi chinesis Sonn.) Feizixiao and Temperature Conditions

HE Peng,WU Chu-mei,FU yong-xing(Lingshan County Meteorological Bureau of Guangxi Autonomous Region,Lingshan 535400,China)

2008, 29(03):  320-324. 

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Based on the phonological data of the fruit development of the Litchi(Litchi chinesis Sonn.) Feizixiao and the meteorological data in the same periods for the last five years in Lingshan County of Guangxi Autonomous Region,the relationships between the fruit development of Litchi Feizixiao and the temperature conditions were analyzed.The results showed that the fruit maturity period and the full development period were closely related to the daily growth temperature in the different years.The process of the fruit development would be accelerated and the length of the growing period would be shortened with higher daily growth temperature in duration from floral bud to pulp appearance stage,whereas the fruit development process would be delayed and the growing stage would be longer.However,the days from pulp appearance stage to the fruit maturity stage were relative stable.The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the effective accumulated growth temperature could better reflect the temperature influence on the fruit development process.This research result would provide the reference to the prediction of the Litchi fruit maturity period.

Spatial-temporal Variations of Climate Impacts on Cotton Yield in Hebei Province

YAO Shu-ran,KANG Xi-yan,LI Er-jie(Institute of Meteorological Science of Hebei Province,Meteorological and Eco-Environmental Laboratory of Hebei Province,Shijiazhaung 050021,China)

2008, 29(03):  325-328. 

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The cotton production area in Hebei Province is located in the north boundary of the cotton growing area.It has a large span from the south to the north,and the climate diversity here is so prominent that the cotton yield is sensitive to the climate conditions.Based on the data of the sunshine duration,temperature,precipitation and cotton yields from 1965 to 2005 in Hebei Province,the key climate factors affected cotton yields in the different cotton production areas were identified by the integral regression method.According to the impact coefficients of the precipitation,temperature and sunshine duration on the cotton yield,the cotton production area in Hebei Province was divided into three precipitation impact regions,three temperature impact regions and three sunshine duration impact regions.The inter-annual impact variations of the precipitation,temperature and sunshine duration on the cotton yield in the different cotton production areas were analyzed by the integral regression method.

Climatic and Ecological Suitability Division for Radix Pseudostellariae(Pseudostellariaheterophylla Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.)Growing in Southeast Guizhou Prefecture

LIANG Ping,WANG Hong-bin,LONG Xian-ju,Lu Jun,YUAN Fang-ju(Meteorological Bureau of Southeast Guizhou Prefecture,Kaili 556000,China)

2008, 29(03):  329-332. 

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In order to reduce the blindness of the Radix Pseudostellariae(Pseudostellaria heterophylla Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.) growing in the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture of Guizhou Province,the climatic indexes for the suitability of the Radix Pseudostellariae growing were gained,based on the data of the Radix Pseudostellariae growth and development observed in Niudachang town of Shibing County in Guizhou Province.The geographic distribution models of the climatic indexes were designed based on the meteorological data of the sixteen meteorological stations in the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture of Guizhou Province,by using statistical and regression analysis methods for the climatic index,longitude and latitude.The six climatic indexes,which were closely related to the Radix Pseudostellariae growing,were calculated in 204 villages and towns in the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture of Guizhou Province.According to the Climatic and ecological suitability of the Radix Pseudostellariae growing,which was made by choosing the Euclidean distance to realize the optimal fuzzy multi-objectives,the suitable growing areas for the Radix Pseudostellariae growing were divided.The result showed that the mid-west and mid-north parts of the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture were the suitable areas for the Radix Pseudostellariae growing,where the Radix Pseudostellariae could be intensively grown on a large scale.In the mid-east and mid-south parts of the Southeast Guizhou Prefecture,due to the adverse impacts of the high temperature and waterlogging,the Radix Pseudostellariae could not be grown on a large scale.

Landscape Structure and Changes of Grassland in Northern Tibet in the Recent Ten Years

GAO Qing-zhu1,WAN Yun-fan1,LI Yu-e1,JIANGCUN Wang-zha2, SHENG Wen-ping1,WANG Bao-shan2,LI Wen-fu2,LI Ying3,HAO Xiang-wei3(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Bureau of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Management Department of Naqu,Tibet Autonomous Region;3.Meteorological Bureau of Zhungeer Banner)

2008, 29(03):  333-337. 

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Based on the interpretation of the Landsat-TM data which was with 82 digital images taken in 1990 and 2000 respectively,the landscape structure and its changes of the grassland in the Northern Tibet were studied to reveal the land use change by analyzing the indices of patch-size,spatial pattern and other parameters commonly used in landscape ecology.The preliminary results were as follows: 1) Alpine grasslands were the main landscape types in the Northern Tibet.2) From 1990 to 2000,the alpine desert expanded greatly,while the areas of the landscape types,such as alpine meadow,the alpine grassland,glaciers and snow mountains decreased,which deteriorated the regional eco-environment.The expanding of the water area lessoned the deterioration of eco-environment to a certain extent,but also brought the flooding disaster in some regions and reduced the grassland area.3) The landscape pattern there had an obvious trend of fragmentation due to the ever-increasing human activities.

Relationships of Canopy Reflectance Spectra with Wheat Yield and Yield Components

YANG Zhi1,2,LI Ying-xue1,XU De-fu1,LIU Shou-dong1(1.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing,210044,China;2.Dali National Climate Observatory)

2008, 29(03):  338-343. 

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Based on the data of the field experiments with four wheat varieties and five level of the nitrogen application,the relationships of the canopy reflectance spectra with the wheat yield and yield components were analyzed.The results showed that the correlation of the canopy multispectral reflectance between theoretical and actual yields was significant at the jointing stage.Therefore,it could be used to estimate the yield.However,the correlation of the canopy hyperspectral reflectance and yield was significant,so it couldn't be used to estimate the yield directly.The panicle number per mu was well forecasted by using canopy multispectral/ hyperspectral reflectance.The canopy multispectral and hyperspectral reflectance were linearly related to panicle number per mu at the jointing,mid-filling and maturity stage of wheat(p<0.01).Thus,the estimate equations of the canopy hyperspectral reflectance A(760,850)/R550 and multispectral reflectance RVI(810,560) were constituted.The research results provided the important references for choosing appropriate canopy reflectance indexes,constituting the yield estimate model and ensuring the precision of the hyperspectral remote sensing information retrieval.

Actualization of Real-time Renewal of Weather Forecast/Warning Based on Ajax Technique

ZHANG Yan-long1,2,WANG Jian-lan3,SUN Qian3,LIU Xing-yun2(1.Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China;2.Linyi Meteorological Bureau;3.Linyi Airport Limited Company)

2008, 29(03):  344-346. 

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At present the renewal of contents of the weather forecast/warning in the meteorological websites needed to be renovated manually,which couldn't satisfy the demands for timely meteorological information.The actualization of the part real-time renewal for the contents of the weather forecast/warning in the meteorological websites based on the Ajax Non-renovation Technique was proposed.The main realization procedures were introduced.

Simulation of Atmospheric Dynamical Background for a Great Migration Event of the Brown Planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens Sta.l):A Case Study

BAO Yun-xuan1,LI Jin-jian1,MIAO Qi-long1,SHEN Shuang-he1,WANG Jian-qiang2(1.College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Ministry of Agricultural of China)

2008, 29(03):  347-352. 

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In order to reveal the atmospheric dynamic mechanisms of the catastrophic immigration of the Brown Plant Hopper(Nilaparvata lugens Sta.l),a great migration event of the Brown Plant Hopper occurred on 26th to 28th Aug.,2006 in the rice production areas of the Eastern China was taken as a case and the temporal-spatial migration pattern of the Brown Plant Hopper populations was analyzed by using ArcGIS9.0,based on the data of the daily lighting trap catches of the Brown Plant Hopper in China and the daily re-analyzed meteorological data in the Northern Hemisphere.The atmospheric dynamical background of this process was simulated by the high temporal and spatial resolution model WRF V2.2(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,version 2.2).Four physical fields,including the horizontal wind field,K index distribution,A index spatial pattern and vorticity field on 850 hPa isobaric surface,were chosen from the model output to represent the atmospheric dynamical characteristics.The results showed that: 1) The air streams of the horizontal wind field on the 850 hPa(approximately 1500m) could be used to describe the main migration directions of the Brown Plant Hopper populations.2) During the cardinal landing periods of the Brown Plant Hopper migration populations,the spatial patterns of K index and A index on 850 hPa isobaric surface displayed the atmospheric instability and qualitatively indicated the distribution of the main landing regions of the Brown Plant Hopper populations.As K≥35℃ or A≥10℃,or K≥35℃ and A≥10℃ at same time,it was favorable for taking-off and landing of the Brown Plant Hopper populations due to favorable conditions for the development of the vertical atmospheric movement.3) Before the massive migration of the Brown Plant Hopper population,the coherent negative vorticity either strong or weak on the 850 hPa isobaric surface in the landing areas of the Brown Plant Hopper populations appeared.It showed that there were the sinking airflows with certain strength in the regions.These sinking airflows were favorable for landing of the Brown Plant Hopper.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Drought in Guangdong Province Based on Soil Moisture Balance Model

GUO Jing1,JING Yuan-shu1,WANG Chun-lin2,WANG Hua2,CHEN Hui-hua2(1.Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Climate Center of Guangdong Province)

2008, 29(03):  353-357. 

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According to climate data of 86 meteorological stations in 1962-2006 in Guangdong Province,the soil daily available water content(AWC) was calculated to simulate the soil moisture balance and to set up the daily drought index(DI),based on the soil moisture balance model.The spatial and temporal variations for the different grade droughts in recent 45 years in Guangdong Province were analyzed.The results showed that: 1) The all-year drought days accounted for 28.7%.The occurrence frequency of light,medium,serious and extreme drought decreased in turn;2) The seasonal variations of the drought course index(DCI) were mainly influenced by precipitation;it showed distinct characteristics of wet season and dry season.3) Both of drought days and DCI increased from 1962 to 2006,which implied that the frequency and severity of drought were rising.4) Both DCI and drought days spatially varied with latitude,which was higher in the South and lower in the North.The DCI and drought days in Lianshan were the lowest in Guangdong,while they were higher in the Leizhou Peninsula and the southeast coast of the Province.5) The DCI in the spring and autumn spatially varied with latitude contrarily.The spring drought was more serious in the South,while the autumn drought was more serious in the North.6) The DCI in autumn was higher than in spring,which implied that the autumn drought was more serious than spring drought in Guangdong province.This study provided references for response to the climate change,exploitation and utilizing of climate resources and planting zoning adjustment.

Influence of Urban Emission on Acid Rain in Protected Farmland Area of Nanchang

ZENG Kai,WANG Shang-ming,FENG Min-yu,ZHANG Chong-hua,HU Feng-xi,ZHANG Qing-xia(Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330200,China)

2008, 29(03):  358-360. 

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The seasonal variations of acid rain,pH value and concentrations of air pollutants and their correlation were analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on the acid rain during 2005 and 2006 in the protected farmland area of Fulin,Nanchang City.Simultaneously the atmospheric concentrations of SO2,NO2,PM10 were measured.In order to understand the annual and seasonal characteristics of air pollutants transportation,conducted to identify the dominant wind direction over the protected farmland areas and the locations of major emission sources within the areas for controlling acid rain and SO2 pollution in Nanchang were statistically analyzed.The results showed that the pH of the acid rain in the protected farmland areas was highly significantly correlated with the atmospheric concentrations of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in the city districts.The dominant wind direction over the protected farmland areas was almost consistent with the location of major emission sources within the areas for controlling acid rain and SO2 pollution in Nanchang.These are the two major contributors to the seriousness of the acid rain in the protected farmland areas.It is necessary to take steps to reduce emission and use advanced techniques for desulphurization and removing dust by the factories upwind in order to protect the farmland environment.

A Comprehensive Application of Several Evaluation Methods in Situation Assessment of Agro-meteorological Disasters in Fujian Province

XUE Gui-ping1,CHENG Hui1,ZHANG Xing1,WU Ju-xin2(1.Fujian Meteorological Bureau,Fuzhou 350001,China;2.Dongyang Meteorological Bureau)

2008, 29(03):  361-364. 

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The assessment results were frequently inconsistent by using the different evaluation methods in the situation assessment of agro-meteorological disasters.The Kendall's W coefficient was used to verify the consistency of the assessment results of the different evaluation methods.A systematical assessment method integrated by a comprehensive application of the several evaluation methods was proposed and applied to the situation assessment of agro-meteorological disasters in the last 25 years in Fujian Province.The result showed that this method could revise the unilateral results caused by using single particular method and remove the result differences estimated by the different methods to the same data so that it made the results more reliable.

A Meteorological Forecast Model for Stripe Rust of Wheat in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River

JIA Jin-ming1,ZHANG Ming-jie1,XU Qiao-zhen1,MAO Gui-ping1,XU Qing-e1,WANG Jun-feng1,GUO Ming-rong2,TIAN Guo-wei1(1.Puyang Meteorological Bureau,Puyang 457000,China;2.Puyang Plant Protection Station)

2008, 29(03):  365-370. 

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The yearly activity periods of the stripe rust of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were divided into four stages,namely the invading stage for young plant in autumn,overwintering inactive stage,reviving and extending stage and spring epidemic stage.The meteorological factors with the statistical and epidemical significance for the plant diseases were identified by stages.The meteorological indexes for stripe rust of wheat were composed by classification and averaging.The unitary and multi-time-span meteorological forecast models for the stripe rust of wheat were established by regression methods.The verified and application results showed that the meteorological indexes were closely related to the degree of the occurrence of stripe rust of wheat.The correlative coefficient was between 0.4257 and 0.7713.The rate of the backtracking and fitting for the forecast models of the different stages was between 88.9% and 100%.The validation results for 2006 and 2007 were satisfied.It was proved that the forecast models could be used in forecasting the occurrence degree of the stripe rust of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Monitoring and Warning of Meteorological Grade for Rice Plant Hopper in Middle-south Jiangxi Province

DU Xiao-ling,GUO Rui-ge(Jiangxi Provincial MeteoroLogical Obser Vatory,NanChang 330046,China)

2008, 29(03):  371-374. 

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Rice Plant Hopper is one of the main pests in the rice production in Jiangxi Province and its occurrence is closely correlated to the meteorological conditions.Based on statistical and phenological analysis,it was confirmed that the air temperature at 25～29℃ and relative humidity higher than 75% were the suitable meteorological conditions for the reproduction and outbreak of the rice plant hopper.The index R,defined as the ratio of the air temperature to the relative humidity,was used as the index for monitoring and warning of the meteorological grades for the Rice Plant Hopper.R>6,3

Climate Characteristics of Continuous Overcast and Rainy over last 53 Years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area During Cotton Growing Period

AN Yue-gai,LIN Yan(Hebei Provincial Key Lab for Meteorology and Eco-Environment/Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province,Shijianzhuang 050021,China)

2008, 29(03):  375-378. 

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Based on the meteorological data of 45 meteorological stations from 1954 to 2006 in the cotton production areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the climatic characteristics of the continuous overcast and rainy during cotton growing period was analyzed.The results showed that the return periods of the continuous overcast and rainy were with 1-2.5 years,1-3 years,1-3 years and 3-5 years for the seeding,bud,boll formation and boll-open stage respectively,while the percentage of the continuous overcast and rainy accounted for 24%,39%,47% and 45% during these stages respectively.In the last 53 years,the variation tendency of the continuous overcast and rainy occurred was not obvious for seeding and bud stages,while both the continuous overcast and rainy and the serious continuous overcast and rainy occurred during the boll formation and boll-open stages decreased to a certain extent.The decreased occurrences of the continuous overcast and rainy during the late growing periods of the cotton were favorable to the improvement of the cotton yield and quality.