Table of Content

10 February 2005, Volume 26 Issue 01

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Regional Simulation of Maize Yield Under IPCC SRES A2 and B2 Scenarios

XIONG Wei 1,2 ,XU Yin-long 1 ,LIN Er-da 1 ,LU Zhi-guang 2 (1.Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing100081China;2.College of Ageonomy and Biotechnology,Chinese Agriculture University).

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We applied the newest emission scenarios of the sulfur and greenhouse gases,i.e.Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change(IPCC)Special Report on Emission Scenarios(SRES)A2and B2scenarios,combining with the RCM(Re-gional Climate Model)model and CERES-Maize model to investigate the change of maize yield in2080s(2071-2100).The results show:The SRES A2scenario is more negative to maize yield than B2,more positive effect due to climate change is on rainfed maize than on irrigated maize;the climate change would induce yield decrease in main maize planting area while bringing increase in other area.

Analysis on Effects Of Peanut Mulched with Film

LOU Wei-ping 1 ,WU Xu-jiang 2 (1.Xinchang Meteorological Bureau of Zhejiang Province,Xinchang312500,China; 2.Xinchang Agricultural Bureau of Zhejiang Province)

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The results from field experiments during2002and2003showed that the cultivation mulched with plastic film had a significant effect to improve soil temperature and moisture.The soil temperature increased during early growing periods of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)and decreased in the summer.The soil moisture decreased under the condition of continuous rainy days and increased during the dry weather.The growing periods of peanut by the cultivation mulched with plastic film were earlier than that by normal cultivation,while the growth of plant both above and under ground was well,and the yield increase was significantly.The experiment results provided an agro-meteorological basis for peanut cultivation mulched with plastic film.

Research Progress and Prospect on Alfalfa Growth Simulation Models Worldwide

ZHU Yu-Jie,FENG Li-Ping (College of Resources and Environment,China Agriculture University,Beijing100094,China)

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Crop growth simulation model has become one of the useful tools to understand and predict crop growth and devel-opment,yield formation and response of crop to its environments.It could be used for analyzing resources utilization and supporting the decision-making in the production as well.The research progress,development status and characteristics of Alfalfa Growth Simulation Models worldwide were introduced.The components and structures of the newly developed alfalfa model APSIM-Lucerne were dissected.The research priorities and prospects to research and development of alfalfa growth simulation model were discussed.

Designing and Realizing of Operating Route of Agro-meteorological Weekly Report in Henan Province

ZHANG Xue-fen 1,2 ,WANG Liang-yu 2 ,LI Yu-shen 2 ,ZOU Chun-hui 2 (1.University of Information Science and Technology of Nanjing,Nanjing210044,CHina; 2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Henan Province)

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The operating route of agro-meteorological weekly report in Henan Province was introduced in this paper.The data collecting and proceeding and treating technique for weekly average data is given out as well.The technical methods in de-signing such as contour proceeding were fully described.

Main Disasters in Agricultural Production in Hetao Irrigated Areas and its Countermeasures

YANG Song 1 ,QING Xiao-yan 2 ,LIU Jun-lin 1 ,ZHAO Hui-zhang 1 (1.Agro-meteorological Institute of Baynnur Prefecture,Linhe015000,China; 2.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linhe City)

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Based on analyzing the occurrences and effects of the main disasters such as springtide,low temperature and cold injury,salinization and frost to grain and oil crops and sugar beet,the countermeasures of disaster reduction such as early sowing of wheat,sprout sowing of maize,irrigating to reduce salinization and deep sowing on ditch-ridging mulched with plastic film,were put forward.The extension and application of these measures had gained a significant benefit in the crop production.

Research Progress on Assessment of Drought Disaster Based on 3S Techniques

LI Jie,NING Da-tong,CHENG Hong-guang,HAO Fang-hua (College of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing100875,China)

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Drought disaster is one of the most important factors constrained socio-economic growth and environmental protec-tion in China.Valuation and estimation of the economy loss due to drought disaster would provide a necessary support for hazard reduction and relief with science and technology.The research progress related to the complexity of drought loss ap-proach,application of3S techniques in monitoring drought hazard,creation of the economy loss assessment model and sce-nario analysis were discussed in this article.The author put forward that drought induced loss valuation model would be de-veloped toward quantification,proceduralization and practicability in the future in order to offer a scientific grounds for haz-ard reduction and policy-making.

GIS-Based Study of a Method of Flue-cured Tobacco Planting Suitability Regionalization in Yunnan Province

DONG Xie-qiong 1 ,XU Hong 1 ,YANG Xiao-peng 1 ,YANG Yong 2 ,ZHOU Gui-Chun 2 (1.Center for Agrometeorology and Remote Sensing Application of Yunnan,Kunming650034,China; 2.Honghe Cigarette Factory of Yunnan)

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According to tobacco growing conditions,ecoclimate guideline and region-dividing principia of tobacco planting in Yunnan province had been set up.By analyzing on multi-sources data including weather,soil,landform,land use and so on,it could be get that flue-cured tobacco planting suitability regionalization grid image in Yunnan based on GIS.Scientific evi-dence could be provided for tobacco enterprise choosing requisite material base.

Studies on Application of JiangNan Double Crop Rice Simulated Model to Climate Impact Assessment Service ——Taking Changde Area as an Example

LIAO Yao-ming,ZHANG-Qiang,HUANG Chao-ying (National Climate Center,China Meteorology Administration,Beijing100081China; Laboratory of Climate Studies,China Meteorological Administration)

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Based on simulated model of JiangNan Double Crop Rice,growth and development status of early rice effected only by climate condition in ChangDe Area from1961to2000were simulated respectively.With simulated results of dryweight in the end of each stage of early rice and panicle weight in its maturity stage,growth vigor of early rice in ChangDe Area from1961to2000were assessed by five levels with very poor,poor,normal,good and very Good.In the end,simulated results and their assessment results were checked by analyzing and assessing practical yields in ChangDe Area from1982to2000.

Experimental Research on Drought Resistance of Tobacco(Tobacco nicotiana)by Spraying Food Vinegar

PU Ji-cun 1 ,Li Su-hua 2 ,LAN Guang-han 1 ,MAO Jian-shu 2 ,XU Jian-ping 2 (1.Qujing Meteorological Bureau,Qujing655000,China;2.Qujing Tobacco Company)

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Spraying food vinegar in the critical development periods of tobacco could improve the power to resist the poison caused by accumulation of a great deal of ammoniac in the plants during drought to avoid or reduce drought damage.The field and pot experiments by spraying food vinegar in different times,frequencies and concentrations with spraying water and no spraying as control were conducted to examine the drought resistance of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.).The results showed that the optimum concentrations of food vinegar were between0.4‰and0.6‰;The best time is from transplanting to rapid growth stage with three times.The tobacco yields with average vinegar concentration in the plots had increased by103kg/hm 2 than spraying water,whereas the medium and upper quality tobacco,fresh weight of roots and length of roots had increased by18%,63%and21%respectively.The yields and production value of tobacco by spraying food vinegar in the extension fields had increased by193kg/hm 2 and1833Yuan/hm 2 respectively than spraying water.The input/output ra-tio was1∶10.In addition,spraying food vinegar could prevent aphides damage and improve the quality of tobacco plant as well.

Studies on Determination of Suitable Soil Moisture at Different Growing Stages of Wheat in Nanjing

WANG Chuan-hai 1 ,MING Jing-zhong 2 ,LIU Wei-jie 1 , LIU Jia 1 ,HU Lei 1 ,ZHENG You-fei 1 (1.Department of Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,Nanjing210044;2.Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster and Environmental Change of Jiangsu Province)

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The responses of wheat growth and yield to the different soil moistures at different growing stages were investigat-ed.The results showed that the leaf index,biomass per plant and yield of wheat were significantly influenced by soil moisture.The most sensitive stage to soil moisture stress was from elongation to flowering stage.The suitable soil moisture for the different growing stages of wheat was different.The results had provided the valuable reference for evaluating the impact of different soil moisture at different stages on wheat yield and for improving the soil moisture management.

Influence of Meteorology on the Ostrinia Furnacalis Eclosion

LI Hong 1,2 ,SHEN Shuang-he 1 ,KUANG Long-jiang 2 ,LIU Yan 2 (1.NanJing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing210044China; 2.Qiqihaer Meteorological Bureau,Heilongjiang Province)

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According to the investigation on the relationship between period of ostrinia furnacalis eclosion and meteorological factors during1993-2002in Qiqihar,Heilongjiang Province,it is indicated that the beginning time of eclosion is decided by average lowest temperature in June and that the beginning time and the length of time of ostrinia furnacalis eclosion will influence on the extent of Ostrinia furnacalis next year.

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for Over-wintering of Opuntia Milpa alta(Cactaceae opuntia L)in Qingliu County

TONG Er-fa (Meteorological Bureau of Qingliu County,Qingliu365300,China)

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Opuntia mila alta(Cactaceae opuntia L)is an industrial crop introduced to China in recent years.Based on the data of minimum temperature during1961and2002and the climatic index of freeze injury in the Qingliu County of Fujian Province,the meteorological conditions for the safe over-wintering of opuntia mila alta which cultivated in the greenhouse mulched with plastic film were analyzed.How to raise the over-wintering rate by utilizing the mountain climate resources was discussed to explore opportunity and avoid hazard in the opuntia mila alta production.

Studies on Agricultural Climatic Potential Productivity and Natural Resources Utilization Ratio in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province

WANG Zong-ming 1,2 ,ZHANG Bai 1 ,ZHANG Shu-qing 1 , SONG Kai-shan 1 ,DUAN Hong-tao 1 (1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130012,China;2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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Supported by GIS,the agricultural climatic potential productivity of the main crops for all counties in the Songnen Plain was calculated.The spatial differences on agricultural and natural resources utilization ratios in the region were ana-lyzed.The results showed that there were no significant differences in photosynthesis potential productivities among different locations,whereas due to large latitude span the photosynthesis-temperature potential productivities increased from the north to the south significantly.As the rain belt distribution showed a significant difference in the different counties,this led to an increase of the climate potential productivity from the west to the east gradually.There were significant differences in agricul-tural and natural resources utilization ratios of main crops in the different counties of the plain.The resources utilization ra-tios in the western parts of Songnen Plain were lower than that in the eastern parts,where showed in turn a large potential to increase the yields.

Experiment on Soil Moisture Threshold Values by Using Soil Conditioners

WANG Xiao-bin,CAI Dian-xiong,ZHANG Shu-qin (Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100081,China)

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Under the different soil moisture conditions,the experiments were conducted to study the effects of different soil conditioners on seedling emergences of corn, soybean, and ryegrass, to identify the threshold values of soil moisture using soil conditioners as seed coated materials. The study could provide information for improving the efficacy of soil condi-tioner application in soil drought-resisting and seedling emergence-promoting practices under dry soil conditions.

Effect of Soil Temperature on N_2O Emission in Upland Farm of Beijing

XIE Jun-fei,LI Yu-e (Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing100081,China)

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In order to understand the effect of soil temperature on N 2 O emission in upland farm soil,the N 2 O emission from wheat-soybean rotation ecosystemwere measured using automatic sampling system in Beijing region.The N 2 O emission under different soil moisture and temperature were also measured in the laboratory.The result showed that N 2 O emission was rela-tively increased with the temperature increase when the soil temperature ranges from10℃to30℃.But there was no obvious linear relationship between the surface layer soil temperature and N 2 O emission.

A Study on Climatic Compartment of Recommended Variety of Potato(Solanum tuberosum L)in Ulaan Chabu Prefecture of Inner Mongolia

BAI Mei-lan 1 ,HOU Qiong 2 ,HAO Run-quan 3 (1.Climate and Survey Data Center of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot010051,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Inner Mongolia;3.Inner Mongolia Meteorological Scientific and Technological Development Center)

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Based on analyzing of the requirements of different varieties of potato(Solanum tuberosum L)for sunlight,tem-perature and water resources,the key factors influenced the growth of potato in Ulaan Chabu Prefecture of Inner Mongolia were determined by using the statistical method.In accordance with the characteristics of different varieties of potato,the compartment indexes for the favorable planting area were determined.On the basis of GIS technique and the method of small grid resource calculation,the key meteorological factors were calculated in the grid point of3″×3″to have resolved the problem of uneven distribution of meteorological data and to divide the favorable planting areas for the different varieties of potato.

A Study on Leaf Area Index and Rate of Sunlight Energy Utilization of Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L)and Main Grain Crops in Different Growing Periods in Tianshui of Gansu Province

PU Jin-yong 1,2 ,YAO Xiao-hong 2 ,YIN Dong 1 ,LIU Cai-hua 2 , WANG LI-ping 3 ,XU Yan-ping 2 ,HU Li-ping 2 (1.Lanzhou Arid Meteorological Institute,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou730020,China; 2.Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Tianshui;3.Qingshui Meteorological Bureau)

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Compared with main grain crops,the leaf area indices and the rates of sunlight energy utilization of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L) in different growing periods in Tianshui of Gansu Province were calculated and analyzed by field experi-ments. The superiority for utilization of alfalfa on the sunlight energy to the main grain crops was quantitatively described.