Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

A Preliminary Analysis of Stereoscopic Exploitation and Utilization of Climate Resources in Western Sichuan Plateau

HU Ji-hua, ZENG Hao (Meteorological Bureau of Ganzi, Kangding 626000,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Although the climate in Western Sichuan Plateau has little seasonal change, which is unfavorable to a great extent for the agricultural production, a varied spatial distribution of the climate resources is characteristic due to its geographical location. The climate in this region is divided into three climatic belts e.g. subtropical zone, temperate zone and frigid zone according to the analysis of vertical distribution of the climate. Three climatic belts are forming corresponding economy-climatic zone. This division will be benefit of stereoscopic utilization of the climatic resources and adjusting the agricultural structure.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Temperature During Crowing Season of Crops in Northeast China

LIU Xiao-ying, LIN Er-da (Institute of Agro-meteorology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Based on the data of average temperature during the growing season of main crops in the last five decades (1950-1990) in 27 meteorological stations in northeast China, the temporal and spatial changes of the temperature were studied. The Results showed that the temperature during the growing season of crops was an increased trend in all of three provinces. The increasing range of temperature declined as the latitude decreased. The maximum temperature increase was as high as 1.55～2.09℃ in Keshan, Heilongjiang province, while the minimum temperature increase was with 0.06～ 0.33℃ in Benxi, Liaoning province. By the regional average, the temperature during the growing period of spring wheat increased by 1.35℃ and higher than the temperature increase with 0.93℃ during the growing period of spring maize. There were two rapid temperature increased periods during the growing season of crops in the 60's and 90's of the last century. Results of the study have great implications in eveluating the effects of drying and warming tendency on agricultural production and in taking measures to combat its disadvantage effects.

Study on an Agrometeorological Model to Simulate the Leaf Photosynthesis of Winter Wheat in HuangHuaiHai Region

LIU Jian-dong1, YU Qiang2, Jin Zhi-qing3, BI Jian-jie4 (1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,China; 2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, CAS; 3.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 4.Shandong Agricultural University)

2003, 24(01): .

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A comprehensive model for simulating leaf photosynthesis of winter wheat was established, and the impacts of radiation, CO 2 concentration and temperature on the photosynthesis were fully considered in the model. Since there are too many factors in the model, which made it difficult to calculate the parameters directly, a simple method was put forward to find out the parameters easily. According to the simple method, the leaf photosynthesis model for winter wheat Lu-Mai 22 was established based on a set of data observed with Licor-6200 photosynthesis analyzer, and the results of the model accorded well with the observed value of experiment. The model will provide some theoretical basis for improving the crop models to simulate winter wheat growth in HuangHuaiHai Region

Studies on Intensity of Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Forecasting Method in the Arid and Semiarid Areas

LIU Bu-chun1, LU Zhi-guang1, GAO Jin-ming2, LI Yun-peng2 (1. China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094,China; 2. Center of Agro-meteorology of Inner Mongolia)

2003, 24(01): .

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The forecasting method of ultraviolet radiation flux was studied according to theory of atmospheric ultraviolet radiation and the measured values of total solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation in the arid and semiarid areas of Inner Mongolian Plateau. The forecasting index was determined based on the local climatic characteristics. The method of intensity of ultraviolet radiation flux was studied. The characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in the areas were analyzed.

A Preliminary Study on Influence of Early Frost and Freezing on Yield and Quality of Rice in the Frigid Regions

JIAO Jiang1, WANG Bo-lun2 (1. Institute of Crop Cultivation, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150086,China; 2. Shenyang Agricultural University)

2003, 24(01): .

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The influence of early frost and freezing on yield and quality of rice was determined for the climate conditions in the frigid regions of Northeastern China, by simulated pot experiments in the frost and freezing chamber. The results showed that the earlier the frost and freezing treatment after heading period of rice carried out, the greater was the influence on rice yield. On these grounds a regression equation for predicting rice yield decrease due to frost was established. It was clear that early frost had a great effect upon total rate of high milled rice and chalkiness, and a weak negative effect on taste quality.

Analysis of Climate Conditions on Growth and Development of Oil Flax and Regional Assignment of Its Planting in the Regions of Hexi Corridor

ZHANG Hui-ling1, LIU Min-chun1, MA Xing-qiang1,LIU Hui-lan1, ZHANG Chun-song2 (1. Agricultural Experimental Station, Meteorological Bureau of Wuwei City, Wuwei, 733000,China; 2. Meteorological Bureau of Minqin County)

2003, 24(01): .

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According to the growth status of oil flax and its adaptability to ecological climate conditions, the key meteorological factors in the regions of Hexi Corridor were analyzed by using integral regress analyzing method. The mean temperature of every ten days during May and June, and the mean temperature of ten days during last ten days of July and last ten days of August are the most influent factors for the growth and yield forming of oil flax, followed by precipitation and solar radiation. The key periods are seedling and fruit-formation period. On the basis of mentioned results, the regional assignment of ecological climate on oil flax planting in the regions of Hexi Corridor was worked out. The reasonable utilization of climate resources was discussed.

Small Grid Calculation of Agro-climatic Resources Based on City Star GIS

QIAN Jin-xia, ZHANG Jian-xin, WANG Guo-jing, ZHANG Yu-xiang, WANG Yun-feng (Shanxi Satellite Remote Sensing Center for Reducing Natural Disasters, Taiyuan, 030002,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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The calculation models of temperature and precipitation on scale of 1km×1km grid based on City Star GIS and multiple regression were established in Pianguan county, Shanxi province. The mean temperatures of ten days, month and year; the monthly and yearly accumulated mean precipitations; and the starting and ending dates, interval days and accumulated temperature of each boundary temperature (0℃, 5℃, 10℃ and 15℃) were calculated by applying these models.

Occurrence and Prevention of Frost Injury in Recent Two Decades

ZHONG Xiu-li (Institute of Agro-meteorology, Chinese academy of Agricultural sciences , Beijing 100081,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Frost injury tends to become serious in recent two decades. The reasons were analyzed and some relevant strategies were suggested in this paper. Advances in researches on frost injury prevention technology were also reviewed briefly.

Changes of Plant Phenological Period and Its Response to Climate Change for the last 40 years in China

ZHENG Jing-yun, GE Quan-sheng, ZHAO Hui-xia (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Based on the plant phenological data of 26 stations from 1963 to 1996, observed by the phenological observation network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, changes of plant phenological period and its response to climate change were studied. The models for relationship between phenological periods in every decade and geographical location were constructed. The response of the geographical distribution of phenological period to climate change was analyzed. The results showed that the phenological periods of ligneous plant occurred earlier as the temperature in spring rises; In the Northeastern China, the North of China, and the regions of lower reaches of the Changjiang River, the plant phenological periods were earlier since 1980's. In the eastern part of the Southwest China and the regions of middle reaches of the Changjiang River, the plant phenological periods delayed as the temperature declined; Changes of phenological periods became smaller with the increasing of latitude.

Aspects of Water Cycle in Farmland: Advances in Water Transport Through Interface Between Land Surface and Atmosphere

DUAN Hua-ping1,BIAN Xin-min1,XIE Xiao-li2, Wang Kai-rong2 (1. Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China; 2. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

2003, 24(01): .

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s: The effect factors of water transport through interface between land surface and atmosphere were briefly discussed in this paper. An overview obtained advances in water transport through interface between land surface and atmosphere in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) was presented, emphatically from two aspects, the rate of consumed liquid water and the rate of obtained net water vapor of atmosphere.The current research methods in the subject were evaluated. The studies that should be done in the future were discussed.

An Improved Agro-meteorological Database System and its Application

ZHANG Xu-hui, SUN Han, LI Ya-chun, HUANG Yu-hua (Meteorological Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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An agro-meteorological database system was rebuilt with Visual FoxPro5.0 by using plate form of Windows 98. This new system reserved the canonical database structure, logical lookup and statistic function included in the original system. A new function of zonal management over Jiangsu province was added to the established system; The functions appended a period of ten days data of AB message to the historical database and made a real-time and specific statistic were realized at the first time. The functions for database build-up and transformation of file format were improved. The practicability of database system was enhanced in this new system.

Progress on the Studies of Biological Ice Nucleators and Disaster Defence

FENG Yu-xiang, HE Wei-xun (Institnte of Agrometeorology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081, China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Many studies on biological ice nucleators(BIN)have been conducted since 1972. The research advances in BIN with regard to disaster prevention were reviewed in this paper. BIN lead the water to freeze at -2℃～-5℃and frost damage occurs in frost-sensitive crops. So removing BIN may become a way for frost protection of these crops. BIN can significantly increase the supercooling point of insect. It may be used as a freezing-inducing insecticide for controlling the freezing-intolerant pests in winter. For BIN promotes extracelluar ice formation, water will move from the intracellular to the extracellular space. This process leads to an increase in cellular solution concentration and lows down freezing point within the cells. Thus, It maybe promote the ability of freezing tolerance in overwintering plants.

Prospects on Drought Mitigation Technique Research in North-China

LI Yu-zhong,CHENG Yan-nian (Institute of Agrometeorology,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Advances in drought mitigation techniques both overseas and at home have been reviewed in this paper, and the prospects on drought mitigation techniques including capital construction of farmland, monitoring and forecasting on drought, practical techniques on drought mitigation, as well as strategies for reducing drought influences in north China have been made.

Studies on Drought in the Past 50 Years in China

LI Mao-song, LI Sen, LI Yu-hui (Institute of Agro-meteorology, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Based on the statistical data of drought in China in the last 5 decades (1950 - 2000), the characteristics of occurrence and development of drought were studied. The drought-occurred areas and drought-induced disaster areas had been increasing in the latter 50 years of 20th century. Ratio between drought-induced disaster areas and drought-occurred areas had an increased trend. The drought occurred in China in 2000 was the most serious one since 1949, while the drought-occurred areas and drought-induced disaster areas reached at 40.5 million haand 26.8 million ha respectively. More than 60% of the drought-occurred areas and drought-induced disaster areas occurred in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region and the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, which were the two most drought-induced disaster regions in China. According to the research results on drought prediction, the possibilities of drought occurrence in the future were analyzed and some precautions against drought were recommended.

Influence of Climate Factors During Grain Filling Process on Yield and Protein Content in Different Type of Grain Quality Spring Wheat Ⅰ.The Influence of Temperature

SUN Yan-kun, LI Wen-xiong, WANG Li-juan (Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030,China)

2003, 24(01): .

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Three spring wheat varieties in different types of grain quality weretreated with a different temperatureduringgrainfillingprocess .Theresultsshowedthatthethousand grainweightofallthreevarietiesincreasedasthetempera turewas 2 .5℃lowerduringgrainfillingprocessthanthatinnaturalconditions.Whenthetemperatureinthetreatmentsde clinedby 5℃ ,thethousand grainweightandthegrainweightpermainearandperplantofallthreevarietiesdecreased .As thetemperatureincreased ,thousand grainweight,grainweightpermainearandperplantofallthreevarietiesdeclined . Thegrainproteincontentofallthreevarietiesincreasedwithtemperaturerising .Therewasnoobviouschangeongrainpro teincontentasthetemperaturedeclinedalittle .Whenthetemperaturedeclinedfurther,thegrainproteincontentofvarieties RoblinandDongnong 774 2increased ,buttherewasnoobviouschangeongrainproteincontentbyvarietyXinkehan 9.

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