Table of Content

10 June 2002, Volume 23 Issue 03

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Influence of Tillage Practices on Soil Moisture of Slop Field During Summer Fallow

LU Jun-jie, YAO Yu-qing, WANG Yu-hong, WANG Hai-yang, ZHANG Xian-chu (Luoyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Luoyang 471022)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The experiments on the different tillage practices in the slop field during summer fellow were conducted in the semi-humid rainfed areas of the western of Henan province. Compared with the conventional tillage, the soil storage capacity for rainfall by non-tillage and by subsoiling was increased by 5.67% and 6.11% respectively, and the rainfall runoff reduced by 0.43 mm and by 0.71 mm respectively. By deep ploughing the soil storage capacity for rainfall was lower and the rainfall runoff was higher than the conventional tillage. By Cropping during summer the rainfall runoff could be minimized, in which the rainfall runoff reduced by 4.07 mm than the deep ploughing, by 2.33 mm than the conventional tillage, by 1.87 mm than the non-tillage, and by 1.59 mm than the subsoiling respectively.

Major Agrometeorological Disasters in the Hilly Region of the Middle Sichuan and Their Preventive Measures

XU Jing-wen,YANG Wen-yu,REN Wan-Jun,YUAN Ji-chao (Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014 )

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The occurrence and the damage to agricltural production of the major agrometeorological disasters in the hilly region of the Middle Sichuan,such as drought, the autumn continuous rains,low temperature and cold spell, are systematically discussed. The relevant effective preventive measures,such as selecting improved varieties of crops, reforming cropping system, applying mulching cultivation and chemical control technology, were proposed.

Studies on the Simulation of Difference Between Soil Surface Temperature and Air Temperature and the Estimation of Soil Surface Temperature

LI You, DONG Zhong-qiang, ZHENG Jing-gang (Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The annual fluctuations of the difference between the mean monthly soil surface temperature and the mean monthly air temperature (DSAT) were simulated by the harmonic analysis method in Henan. The DSAT exceeded wholly 1.0℃ from February to October (plant growing period); The annual fluctuations in DSAT in the most areas of Henan Province were double-peak types. The maximum DSAT was in June and the second maximum was in August. Because 12-month-periodic coincidence degree took more than 90% of total periodic coincidence degrees, the 12-month-periodic model could accurately simulate DSAT and the mean monthly soil surface temperature.

Effects of Freezing Injury on Yields of Citrus Trees in Zhejiang Province

JIN Zhi-feng 1,LIU Fa-hui 2 (1. Zhejiang Institute of Meteorology,Hangzhou 310021; 2. Hunan Meteorological Bureau)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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On the base of the climatic data for the winter during 1961 to 2000 in the main production areas of orange in Zhejiang province the frequency of freezing injury was characterized as follow: from the monthly distribution, the freezing injury happened the most frequently in the January, next in the December, and the last in the February. From the decade distribution, it happened the most frequently in the 1960's, the second in the 1970's, the third in the 1980's, then in the 1990's. The yields reduced obviously mainly due to the freezing injury. When the heavy freezing injury occurred, the reduction of yields could last for two years. The measures against the freezing are important for improving the quality and increasing the yield in the production of orange.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Drought and Yield of Winter Wheat and Maize

WANG Wei-tai (Qingyang Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Xifeng 745000)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The atmosphere drought indexes were compared with the yields of winter wheat and maize in Qingyang, Gansu province. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat related most closely to the autumn drought of the year before. The drought occurred in spring, in the late spring and the beginning of summer, and in the summer of the year before had significantly influenced on the yields of winter wheat; The summer drought had the most remarkably influence on the yield of maize. The drought occurred in the autumn, in spring, and in the late spring and the beginning of summer had significantly influenced on the yields of maize.

Analyses of Climatic Conditions in Seed Production of Two-line Hybrid Rice in the Middle Areas of Jiangsu Province

HUANG Yin-qi 1, JIANG Wen-sheng 1, LU Ji-hong 2 (1. Taizhou Hongqi Seed Farm, Jiangsu Taizhou 225311; 2. Taizhou Meteorological Bureau)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The selection of seed production season of two-line hybrid rice (TGMS) was analyzed based on the climatic data of 30 years from 1970 to 1999 in Taizhou, the middle areas of Jiangsu province. The sensitive stage of fertility alteration of TGMS line was between the end of July and the beginning of August. The optimal initial heading date for the seed production of two-line hybrid rice should be in the middle of August. A method for arrangement of the seeding interval between the two parents with the effective accumulated temperatures was applied.

Meteorological Indexes of Critical Stages and Climatic Adaptation in Jiangsu in Two-Line Hybrid Rice 65396 (Peiai 64S/E32)

DONG Zhan-qiang, XIAO Xiu-zhu, YAO Ke-min (Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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In terms of data on stage sowing experiments with two-line hybrid rice 65396 (Peiai 64S/E32) in Nanjing and Zhenjiang, in which the five critical stages closely related to high yield were chosen, the meteorological respondence models were established by regression analysis and the optimal meteorological conditions for the different critical stages of high yield were estimated. Using the meteorological data (1951～1992) from seven districts in Jiangsu province, namely Ganyu, Xuzhou, Gaoyou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Liyang and Suzhou, the yield-built climate elements for four rotations were estimated respectively on the base of calculating the critical stages of high yield. The appropriate technic measures for high yield compared with the optimal meteorological conditions were recommended.

Report on Forecasting Synthesis Information Service System of Cotton Bollworm

BAI Zuo-jing 1, ZHANG Mei-ping 2 (1.Shaanxi Meteorological Service of Cotton, Weinan 714000; 2. Weinan Plant Protect and Quarantine Station)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The forecasting synthetic information service system of cotton bollworm with two main functions of forecasting and consulting service was established according to the characters of meteorological service of cotton associated with the needs of the control of cotton bollworm. The synthesis meteorological service in the cotton production could be improved by applying this system.

Creation of a Website of Shanghai Vegetable Meteorological Information Service

LU Xian, YANG Xing-wei, DUAN Xiang-suo (Shanghai Institute of Meteorology, Shanghai 200030)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The website of Shanghai vegetable meteorological information service was created with the ActiveX Control and browser/server technique. Based on ActiveX Control the created geographical information platform could realize those functions, such as visual search and query, comparison and dynamic track. Three sorts of service via internet, namely the meteorological information, disaster alarm and inspection judgement, and the basic vegetable information were provided by using this platform in internet.

The Effects of Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Water, Soil temperature and Maize Yield

ZHANG Quan-fa, YIN Hai-shan (Institute of Agricultural Resources Comprehensive Survey, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030006)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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A new kind of plastic film mulching, the water-permeability plastic film mulching, was proved effective in improving the status of soil water and soil temperature of maize fields by the conducting of the field experiment in dry land in Shanxi province.The yield of maize which was mulched with the water-permeability plastic film increased by 30% than that of the conventional plastic film mulching.

A Study of Water-saving Effects in Rice Cultivation Mulched by Plastic Film in Hole Sowing

LIU Yu-lan 1, HAN Shi-tao 2, LI Fu-sheng 2 (1. Ningxia Special Meteorological Service, Yinchuan 750002; 2. Yongning Agrometeorological Experiment Station)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The experiments on irrigation of different amounts and times in rice cultivation mulched by plastic film in hole sowing were conducted. The microclimate of the field in the earlier stage, growing properties, and the yield structures of rice were measured. The water content of the rice field tended to the same level in the later growing periods by the different amounts of irrigation. As the amount of irrigation decreased, the number of spikes and the thousand-grain weight decreased as well, but the grains per spike increased. In consideration combined the water-saving with the steady yield of rice, one third to a half amount of irrigation could be saved by applying the techniques of rice cultivation mulched by plastic film in hole sowing in the irrigated areas of Ningxia.

Studies on the Technical Measures of Improving the Survival Ratio of Forestation in the Mountain Areas

WANG Heng-ming (Meteorological Bureau of Linshu County, Shandong Province, Linshu 276700)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The experiments on the influence of improving the survival ratio of forestation were conducted with the different technical measures, such as the forestation methods, the forestation seasons, the soil water holding methods, the treatments of seedlings, the depth of seedling bed and sloping direction of forestation. The results will provide the scientific basis for the production units in improving the survival ratio of forestation.

A Study on Diagnostic Indexes of Soil Water Stress of Summer Maize

LIU Hai-long 1, YANG Xiao-guang 2 (1 Chongqing Meteorological Bureau, Chongqing 400039; 2. Department of Agrometeorology, China Agriculture University)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The field experiments on the characters of leaf water potential and canopy temperature of summer maize were conducted. Due to the soil water stress the leaf water potential decreased, the canopy temperature increased and the differences between canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature enlarged. Compared with the croplands, which were supplied with sufficient water, the leaf water potential and canopy temperature could be used as the diagnostic index for the soil water stress of summer maize.

Studies on Effects of Micrometeorological Characters of Row Directions in Rice Populations with Different Panicle Types──Ⅰ Theoretical Analyses of Effects of Row Directions on Immediate Radiation of Sun in the Rice Populations

FENG Yong-xiang 1,XU Zheng-jin 2,YAO Zhan-jun 3 (1.Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao 028042;2 Shenyang Agricultural University; 3. Hebei Agricultural University)

2002, 23(03):  . 

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The day changes of the sun-shading width in rice with different row directions in the areas of different latitudes and seasons during the summer half-year on northern hemisphere were calculated by using geometric model. The W-E row in the areas of low and middle latitudes and the N-S row in the areas of high latitudes showed a narrower sun-shading width and better sunlight utilization.