Table of Content

10 August 2007, Volume 28 Issue 04

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Studies on Changes of Air Temperature and Precipitation for Last 50 Years in Songnen Plain

LUAN Zhao-qing1, ZHANG Guang-xin1, DENG Wei2,3, HU Jin-ming4, ZHOU De-min1(1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; 2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 4. Asian International River Center of Yunnan University)

2007, 28(04):  355-358. 

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Based on the monthly data of air temperature and precipitation in the last 50 years from meteorological stations in the Songnen Plain, the climate variations and tendencies of the Songnen Plain were analysed by calculating climate trend coefficient and climate tendency ratio. The results showed that the annual mean air temperature increased by 0.3487℃ each ten year in the Songnen Plain in the last 50 years. The monthly air temperature showed an increased trend. The strong increase of air temperature in the winter and spring was observed by 0.5754℃ each ten year, while the air temperature in summer and autumn increased by 0.1868℃ each ten year as well. As the increase of the air temperature in the cold season was higher than that in the hot season, the year air temperature differences decreased. The temperature increase showed a regional difference. The tendency ratio of air temperature was highest with>0.45℃ each ten year in the Northwest of the Plain, while it was the lowest with<0.2℃ each ten year in the East of the Plain. The changes of the precipitation in the Songnen Plain were not significant, but with a weak decreased tendency. The tendency ratio of the yearly mean precipitation was -0.0783 mm each ten year. The decrease of precipitation in autumn was more obvious than that in other seasons.

Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Precipitation During Crop Growing Season in Jilin Province

ZHANG Wei1,3, YAN Min-Hua1, CHEN Pan-Qin2, XU He-Lan4, LIU Zhe-shu5(1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; 2. Bureau of Science and Technology for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 4. University of Engineering and Technology of Liaoning; 5. Meteorological Bureau of Baoqing County)

2007, 28(04):  359-363. 

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Based on the precipitation data observed in 47 meteorological stations in 1961-2001 from May to September which was defined as the crop growing season in Jilin Province, the characteristics of time series, temporal and spatial distribution, tendency and persistence of the precipitation during the crop growing season in Jilin Province was analyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), Rotated Empirical Function (REOF), Man-Kendall test and R/S method. The results showed that four parts were identified as highly related regions. The precipitation during crop growing season in Jilin Province had decreased by 0.969 mm per year. The change tendency of the precipitation during crop growing season was the same as the before in the most regions of Jilin Province.

Impacts of Global Temperature Changes in Last Century on Drought and Flood Disasters in Yangtze River Basin

HE Li1,WU Yi-jin1,DAN Chang-jun1,XUE Huai-ping2(1.Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;2.Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences )

2007, 28(04):  364-366. 

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Global temperature has being experienced a significant change characterized as warming up. It is very important to assess the impacts of temperature changes on the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the historical data from 1900 to 2000 in the Yangtze River Basin, the impact of temperature and precipitation on droughts and floods were studied. The evidences showed that the average temperature in the Yangtze River Basin increased in the last 100 years, especially in the last ten years, as the global temperature increased. The warming up mostly happened in the middle and lower of Yangtze River. The precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin increased as temperature increased and it decreased as the temperature decreased. The increase of the precipitation during the warm period increased the probability of flood, while the decrease of the temperature during the cold period increased the risk of drought in the Yangtze River Basin.

A Quantitative Evaluation Model of Meteorological Factors During Growing Period of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province

WEI Rui-jiang,ZHANG Wen-zong,LI Er-jie(Hebei Meteorological Institute and Hebei Eco-Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050021, China)

2007, 28(04):  367-370. 

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By using fuzzy mathematics, the suitability functions of temperature, precipitation and sunshine time for winter wheat were established in Hebei Province to estimate the climatic suitability to the growth and development of winter wheat quantitatively. The weight coefficient was determined by the unitary integral return method to calculate the climatic suitability of the temperature, precipitation and sunshine time during growing period of winter wheat. The results indicated that the subjection degree for the temperature and sunshine was relative high, but for the precipitation was low with large variable extents. These explained that the temperature and sunshine were able to satisfy the growth and development of winter wheat. The lack of the natural precipitation was a limited factor for the formation of the winter wheat yield.

Influence of Reduced Fertilization on Growth of Dryland Corn and Soil Nutrition

LIANG Er, WANG Xiao-bin, CAI Dian-xiong,ZHANG Cheng-xian(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

2007, 28(04):  371-373. 

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A field experiment was conducted in dryland farming areas of Shouyang, Shanxi Province to determine the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers and the reduced fertilization. The results showed that the effectiveness of the four treatments in increasing grain yield, the benefit and N fertilizer use efficiency in turn was as follows: Enhanced Efficiency Compound Fertilizer (EECF), Common Compound Fertilizer (CCF), Enhanced Efficiency Urea (EEU) and Common Uurea (CU). The plant growth, N and K uptake for corn, and the soil available N and P by the treatment EECF were better than that by the treatment EEU. The N use efficiencies for treatment EECF and EEU were 13.1%-27.3% and 0.9%-14.2% respectively which were better than for treatment CF. There was no significant decrease in grain yield for the N application reduced by 15%. NUE for the enhanced efficiency fertilizer was the best, and there was no significant difference between 85% N and 100% N urea application. The grain yield difference between 70% N and 55% N application was not significant and the N use efficiency was better by the reduced N application. The results also suggested that the target for reducing investment, increasing benefits and controlling pollution source from the loss of overuse N could be realized through the rational use of different types of fertilizers and fertilizer reduction.

Impact Assessment of Climate Warming up on Primary Productivity in Yellow River Source Region

LI Ying-nian, ZHAO Xin-quan, WANG Shi-ping, ZHOU Hua-kun(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining 810001, China)

2007, 28(04):  374-377. 

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On the basis of analysis of the variations of temperature and precipitation in the Yellow River Source Region, the evapotranspiration was calculated by Turc experiential model and the soil humidity and net primary productivity aboveground in the last ten years were analyzed. The results suggested that temperature and evapotranspiration were significantly correlated and increased by 0.0284℃ per year and 0.7315mm per year respectively, while the precipitation was stable in 1959-2005. This drier and warmer tendency could be proved by the soil moisture monitoring results since 1987. The net plant primary productivity aboveground decreased by 9.506 g m-2 per year as meteorological factors changed.

Influence of Environmental Factors on Distribution of Plant Communities and Composition of Species in Alpine Grassland

LI Kai-hui1, HU Yu-kun1, FAN Yong-gang1,2, WANG Xin1,2, GAO Guo-gang1,2(1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

2007, 28(04):  378-382. 

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In order to analyze the influence of environmental factors on distribution of plant communities and composition of species in alpine grassland, 9 plots (10m×10m) were established from west to east, basic 2460m, along an altitude gradients at 100m intervals in Bayinbulak alpine grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain. Data were analyzed by using the quantitative classification method (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis) and the ordination technique (Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Detrended Canonical Correspondence). The results showed that: 1) Alpine steppe types mainly distributed from 2460 to 2760m, with the average temperature about 10.8℃ in July and August. Alpine steppe-meadow distributed at altitude of 2860m. Alpine meadow distributed about over altitude of 2960m. The average relative humidity and soil water content were 77.77% and 42.95% respectively in July and August. 2) Available soil potassium content gradually decreased from alpine steppe, alpine steppe-meadow to alpine meadow, but organic matters and available soil nitrogen content gradually increased. 3) CCA and DCA ordination showed that environmental factors, such as temperature, available soil potassium and organic matters played a very important role in the community distribution and species composition. 4) The TWINSPAN cluster analysis also indicated that the nine plots were divided into three types, alpine steppe, alpine steppe-meadow and alpine meadow, and it was completely approved by the result of ordination.

A Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Snow Density in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region

HUANG Wei-jun1, HUANG Zhen2, CUI Cai-xia3, FU Wei-dong1, NAN Qing-hong4(1. Xinjiang Climate Center, Urumqi 830002, China; 2. Xinjiang Meteorological Observation; 3. Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology, CMA; 4. Xinjiang Meteorological Bureau)

2007, 28(04):  383-385. 

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Based on the snow density data from 1964 to 2003 in 29 meteorological stations, the temporal and spatial distribution of snow density in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region was analyzed by using clustering and regression methods. The results showed that the snow density was significantly positively related to the precipitation, snow depth, strong wind, days of blowing snow and temperature. From this relationship, a model was established between snow density and above climatic factors. By using mapGIS65 and remote sensing data,the map of the snow density during the stable period was made.

Influence of La on Light Oxidation of Soybean Seedling under Ultraviolet-B Stress

PENG Qian1, ZHOU Qing1, YE Ya-xin1,2, Lü Dong-yue1(1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214222, China; 2. Department of Biology, Suzhou Science and Technology College)

2007, 28(04):  386-388. 

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The influence of Lanthanum (La) on light oxidation of soybean (Glycine max) seedling under elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B: 0.15Wm-2, 0.45Wm-2) was studied. The accumulation of O-2, H2O2, the changes of activity of AsA-POD and the effects of chlorophyll degradation caused by light oxidation. It was concluded that La could reduce the content of O-2 and H2O2 in the soybean seedling and increase the activity of AsA-POD. Therefore, La alleviated the chlorophyll degradation and the damage of soybean seedling caused by light oxidation.

Characteristics of Changes of Micro-Meteorology in Surface Layer of Grassland in Regions around Qinghai Lake

ZHU Bao-wen1, SONG Li-ming1, XU Cun-ping2, JIANG Chao-yang3, MA Zong-tai1,ZHOU Hua-kun4, XU You-xu1, (1. Haibei Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station of Qinghai Province,Xihai 810200, China; 2.Meteorological Administration of Haibei state; 3.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; 4.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,CAS)

2007, 28(04):  389-392. 

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Based on the meteorological data in the surface layer of grassland in the north shore of Qinghai Lake from May to December in 2006 observed by Haibei Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station, the characteristics of changes of the diurnal variation and the vertical profiles of the wind speed, temperature and humidity were investigated. The results showed that the wind speed, temperature and relative humidity showed an obvious diurnal variation above 0.3m and below 10m in the surface layer of grassland in the north shore of Qinghai Lake. The phase of the maximum and minimum temperature delayed with the increase of the height and the phase of the maximum and minimum relative humidity and wind speed advanced with the increase of the height. The temperature at fourteen o'clock decreased with the increase of the height and the temperature at twenty o'clock increases first and decreased later with the increase of the height. The temperature profiles had an inflexion at the height of 4m, then into the status of the inversion. The degree of the inversion reached biggest at eight o'clock. Relative humidity decreased and wind speed increased with the increase of the height whenever day and night.

Fuzzy Synthetic Assessment of Regional Ecosystem Quality——Case study from July to September, 2006 in Fujian Province

LI Li-chun, CHEN Jia-jin, LI Wen(Institute of Meteorological Science of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350001)

2007, 28(04):  393-398. 

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Taken the indexes of humid, vegetation cover, water proportion, land degradation and natural disaster as assessment indicators, the regional ecosystem quality was assessed by Fuzzy synthetic method, based on the data of ground observation and land use from July to September, 2006 in Fujian Province. The results showed that the ecosystem quality in the different counties of Fujian Province were all fine. The synthetic values were between 0.54 and 0.67 with small differences, which corresponded with the particular characteristics of climate, physiognomy and ecosystem of Fujian province.

Analysis of Effects of Shelterbelt in Shanghai Suburb

HE Fang-fang(Shanghai Climate Center, Shanghai 200030, China)

2007, 28(04):  399-402. 

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Based on data of wind speeds in shelterbelt during summer typhoon season in Nanhui and winter season in Jiading, the shelterbelt effects were analyzed. The results showed that the windbreak effect was very remarkable both in summer and in winter. During summer typhoon season, the nearer to the shelterbelt it was, the bigger the windbreak effect was. Along with altitude increase the windbreak effect minished in the near of the shelterbelt, while the windbreak effect increased in far shelterbelt. The windbreak effect of the shelterbelt was related to the wind speeds. The smaller the wind speeds were, the more evident the windbreak effect was. The windbreak effect in two sites got same results in in winter due to the cross of the two shelterbelts. The results would offer reference for distribution of the forest

Relationship of Vernalization Time with Cold Hardiness for Different Wheat Varieties

ZHANG Ai-zhi1, GAO Zhi-qiang2, LIU Wen-ping1, BAN Sheng-lin1, LUAN Qing1(1. Climate Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002, China; 2. Shanxi Agricultural University)

2007, 28(04):  403-405. 

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Five wheat varieties represented the strong winterness, winterness, semi-winterness and springness form respectively were treated by different vernalization times and low temperature to examine the relationship of wheat vernalization response with cold hardness. The results showed that the cold hardiness for different varieties had great differences. The vernalization and the cold hardiness of wheat were two hereditary characteristics under low-temperature. The wheat seedlings had a different cold hardiness under the condition of different vernalization times. The wheat varieties which need a long vernalization time could not be confirmed as strong cold hardiness varieties. While the wheat varieties which had strong cold hardiness need a long vernalization time. The vernalization was beneficial to forming of the cold hardiness of wheat. The cold hardiness was enhanced as the vernalization time was prolonged, while it was the strongest at the appropriate vernalization time. If the vernalization time was too long, the cold hardiness would descend.

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Fruit Inflation Velocity of Orange

XIE Yuan-yu1,LAI Xiao-hua2,ZHU Ling-jin3,LAI Hua-rong4,YAN Xiang4(1. Meteorology Bureau of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou 341000, China; 2. Station of Technique Instruction for Fruit Industry of Ganzhou City; 3. Climate Observatory of Ganzhou City; 4. Institute of Orange of Ganzhou City)

2007, 28(04):  406-408. 

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Based on observation data of the orange fruit inflation and meteorology during 2003-2004, the influence of the meteorological factors, such as precipitation, temperature and sunlight on the fruit inflation velocity of orange without irrigation was studied. The results showed that the precipitation was positively related to the inflation of fruit diameter significantly, while there was an obvious linearity relation between temperature and the inflation of fruit diameter. When the average daily temperature was lower than 30℃, there existed a notably positive correlation between temperature and the inflation of fruit diameter, while there was negative correlation when the temperature was higher than 30℃. Moreover, the influence of sunlight had two aspects. There existed an evident positive correlation between sunlight and the inflation of fruit diameter in the condition of the suitable temperature and precipitation, while there existed an evident negative correlation with the disaster of the high temperature and drought.

Regional Response of Normalized Flax Output Index to Climate Change in Gansu Province

Liang Dong-sheng1 ,2 ,Wang Yi-rong2 (1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province and Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2. Lanzhou Regional Climate Center)

2007, 28(04):  409-411. 

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Based on the data of flax yields and air temperature during the period 1981-2000 for the growth seasons (from April to September) in Gansu Province, the spatiotemporal distribution of flax yield and climate variations on the interannual time scale were analyzed by wavelet analysis. The results showed that the variation change period of flax yield was identified to be 2-4 years in 1990's. The Singular Value Decomposition analysis (SVD) was applied to examine the large scale spatial correlative characteristics between the oil crop yield and surface air temperature. The first paired-modes explain 79.95% of the squared covariance between the oil crop yield and temperature. As a whole, the flax yield was sensitive to the changes of temperature. The most sensitive region was the west of Hexi Corridor.

A Study on Dynamic Prediction Model of Early Rice Yield per Unit

ZHENG Chang-ling, YANG Fei-yun, WANG Jian-lin, SONG Ying-bo(National Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China)

2007, 28(04):  412-416. 

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Based on the synthesized cluster indicators of meteorological factors at different growing periods of early rice, the similar meteorological years were chosen to calculate meteorological impact index of yield for the prediction, and a dynamic prediction model of the early rice yield per unit was established. The early rice yield per unit of ten years was dynamically predicted from 1995 to 2004. The results showed that all of the predications of increasing or decreasing tendency were highly valid and the average accuracy of ten years was with 97.5%, 96.6%, 98.1% and 96.9% for April 30, May 31, June 30 and July 31 respectively. The dynamic prediction model realized a successive dynamic quantitative prediction of early rice yields.

Judgement of Period of Flower Bud Differentiation of Litchi (Litch chinensis Sonn.) by Fisher Discriminant Analysis

CHEN Hui-lin, WU Cui-ling(Institute of Meteorological Science of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China)

2007, 28(04):  417-419. 

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The temperature changes and drought influence on the flower bud differentiation of Litchi (Litch chinensis Sonn.) in Hainan Province. A discriminatory function formula mainly based on low temperature condition and arid index for Litchi variety Feizixiao was established to make judgement of the period of flower bud differentiation. The model passed F-test. The validation showed an accuracy ratio with 100%.

Analysis of Main Climatic Factors and Quality Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Liangshan Tobacco Growing Areas

WANG Hui1, XING Xiao-jun2, XU Zi-cheng1(1. College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2. Liangshan Research Institute of Tobacco Science)

2007, 28(04):  420-425. 

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Basic conditions for tobacco-growing areas, main climatic factors and quality of tobacco leaves were analyzed in Liangshan of Sichuan Province. The results indicated that Liangshan tobacco-growing areas had a long frost-free period, high accumulated temperature of ≥10℃, a long period of time with daily average temperature of ≥20℃ and low content of Cl-1 in the 0-60cm soil layer. The daily average temperature was about 20℃ and the hours of sunshine were more than 800h during tobacco growing periods. The high sunshine percentage and the abundant rainfall with reasonable distribution in the middle and south areas were quite propitious to the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco. Liangshan tobacco leaves had distinguishing features of high appearance quality,suitable contents of nicotine and total nitrogen, and higher content of reducing sugar in the upper leaves and cutters. The N/Nic and RS/Nic of cutter leaves were harmonious,and the tobacco leaves also had the features of clear flavor with high quality and good sensory evaluation.

Studies on Effects of Ecology and Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivated under Plastic Mulching

YAO Xiao-hong1,2,XU Yan-ping2,WANG Run-yuan1,YAO Xiao-lin3(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction, China Meteorological Administration and Gansu Province, Lanzhou,730020, China; 2. Tianshui Agrometeorological Experimental Station; 3. Tianshui Meteorological Bureau)

2007, 28(04):  426-429. 

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The field experiments for the flue-cured tobacco cultivation with ridge plastic mulching, ditch plastic mulching and without mulching were conducted during 2000 and 2001 in the main flue-cured tobacco area of Tianshui City. The results showed that the plastic mulching was effective on increasing temperature and keeping soil moisture. The ditch plastic mulching was the best among them. The growing period of flue-cured tobacco advanced significantly, the speed of growth was accelerated, and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco and output value had improved, under the ditch plastic mulching.

A Study on Accumulation and Increment Distribution of Biomass of Summer Maize in Zhengzhou

MA Qing-rong, LI She-zong, ZHAO Hai-qing, YANG Guang-xian, WU De-yi, DONG Wei-hong(Meteorological Bureau of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450005, China)

2007, 28(04):  430-432. 

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Based on the data of the observed biomass of summer maize in 1994-2006 in Zhengzhou City, the accumulation and increment distribution of the dry matter from different organs of the single plant in different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter of leaves increased quickly before jointing stage. The ratio of the leaf dry matter took 68%- 88% of the total dry matter of the plant. The dry matter of leaf sheath increased quickly as well with the highest ratio of 20% of the total dry matter of the plant in the jointing stage. The dry matter of the stem reached at the peak in the heading stage with 41% of the total dry matter of the plant. After heading, the dry matter of the ear increased dramatically with 63% of the total dry matter of the plant.

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Yield and Quality of Green Asparagus in West Liaohe Plain

YANG Heng-shan1, WANG Guo-jun2, DU Yun-bo2, GU Yong-li1, ZHANG Hong-yu1(1. College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028042 China; 2. Tongliao Golden Mountain Seeds Science & Technology Company Ltd. )

2007, 28(04):  433-435. 

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Effects of meteorological factors on yield and quality of green asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.) were studied in 2006 in the West Liaohe Plain, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the total yield and qualified asparagus spears were extremely significantly positively (P<0.01) correlated to the accumulated temperature in the period of the day on spear harvest (DSH) and two days before DSH. The yield and the number of unqualified asparagus spears were significantly positive correlated to the wind velocity during the DSH and one day before DSH (P<0.01). The wind velocity is one of reasons that loose top spears and twisted spears formed. The yield and the number of unqualified spears were extremely significantly positive correlated to the daily minimum and maximum temperature, but not significant to the relative humidity, daily range of temperature. Building windbreak or small shed mulching with plastic film during the harvest season was an effective way to improve the yield and quality of green asparagus spears in the West Liaohe Plain.

Identification of Thermal Indexes and Region Division of the Main Cultivated Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province

NAN Rui1,GAO Yong-gang1, HAN Jun-jie1,CHI Li-yong2(1. Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030, China; 2. Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems, Academy of Agricultural Science of Heilongjiang Province)

2007, 28(04):  436-439. 

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Based on the sowing test data by stages, the thermal indexes, such as the active accumulated temperature and minimum limit temperature in each growing period of rice were calculated for the main cultivated rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province, by using the Least Squares Method. The spatial distributions of thermal resource and the possible days of growing period were obtained by interpolated meteorological data in the 50km×50km grid, based on the daily meteorological data of 81 stations from 1981 to 2002 in Heilongjiang Province,and compared with the observed active accumulated temperature and days of growing period for the main cultivated rice varieties. With the distributed characteristic of chilling injury, the rice production zone in Heilongjiang Province was divided into five production zones, and suitable planting zones for the main cultivated rice varieties were discussed. The results can provide reference to the full use of local climate resources for guiding rice production.

Application of WOFOST Model in Simulation of integrated Impacts of Low Temperature and Drought on Maize Yield

CHEN Zhen-lin1, ZHANG Jian-ping2, WANG Chun-yi3, ZHEN Jiang-ping4(1. Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China; 2. Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences; 3. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; 4. Office of China Meteorological Administration)

2007, 28(04):  440-442. 

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Maize plants were treated by the low temperature under different water conditions during seedling and tasseling periods in the artificial climate chamber to determine the impacts of low temperature, drought and their combination on maize yield in the Northeast China. Based on the results of the controlled experiment, the WOFOST model was applied to simulate the integrated impacts of low temperature and drought on maize yield. The results of both experiment and simulation showed that the low temperature, drought and their combination would lead to decrease of maize yield to a certain extent. The impacts of the low temperature and drought combination would reduce the maize yield by 34.5% which was higher than by low temperature and drought separatedly.

Path Analysis of Climate Factors and Bolls Per Plant in Suqare-boll Stage of Cotton in Liaocheng

SUN Pei-liang1,2, LI Qiu-zhi3, YANG Shi-en2(1.Institule Meteorological Sciences of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031, China;2. Liaocheng Meteorological Bureau; 3.Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

2007, 28(04):  443-445. 

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According to the path analysis, sunshine duration of August, precipitation of July and August, and mean temperature of July were the main climatic factors that influenced the bolls per plant of cotton directly in Liaocheng, while sunshine duration of August, average temperature of July and June were the indirect factors. It was favorable for increasing the bolls per plant of cotton to improve the microclimate such as sunshine, temperature and water appropriately by pruning and controlling chemically.

A Study on Monitoring of Littoral Shelter Forest by Remote Sensing in Fujian

ZHANG Chun-gui1, ZHU Xiao-ling2,CHEN Hui1,PAN Wei-hua1,GAO Jian-yang2,HUANG Chao-fa3(1.Fujian Provincial Meteorological Institute, Fuzhou 350001, China; 2. Center of Geology Remote Sensing; 3. Fujian Provincial Forestry Investigation and Planning Institute)

2007, 28(04):  446-449. 

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Taken ten orbit MODIS images in 2006 as data source, normalized difference vegetation index NDVI chosen on the basis of a analysis of reflected spectrum characteristics on vegetation by MODIS data, and the results analyzed of the MODIS-NDVI variational curve of three different ground types, such as shelter forest, drought land and residential area in Fujian coastal regions, the littoral shelter forest information of Fujian was extracted. The training areas based on the characteristics of the MODIS-NDVI variational curve of three different ground types had been chosen, and the littoral shelter forest information of Fujian have been distilled by supervised classification. Taking the remote sensing image of CBERS-2 of Fujian in 2005 as reference, the error results of shelter forest monitored using MODIS data had been corrected. The overall classification accuracy of littoral shelter forest area in Fujian was 79.67%, and kappa index was 0.7625. The results showed that the human-computer interactive interpretation method to monitor the littoral shelter forest information of Fujian by using MODIS data was valid. The area of littoral shelter forest of Fujian in 2006 was about 336000 ha according to remote sensing monitoring.

Regionalization of Cotton Cultivation in Akesu Region of Xinjiang Based on GIS

LI Ying-chun1, XIE Guo-hui2, LI Xin-jian3, YAO Yan-li1(1. Xinjiang Climate Center, Urumqi 830002, China; 2. Urumqi Satellite Receiver Station; 3. Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology)

2007, 28(04):  450-452. 

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On the basis of the results of the previous cotton regionalization in Xinjiang, selecting the accumulated temperature ≥10℃, frost-free period and average temperature of July as indicators in Akesu region of Xinjian by regional planning the spatial distribution models were established by using regressive method. Based on GIS, the Akesu region was divided into four cotton planting zones: the premature long-staple cotton area, the premature and mid-mature land cotton area, the premature land cotton area and the extraordinary premature land cotton area.

Methods of Monitoring Rice Growing Periods and Growth Status by Using MODIS in Yungui Plateau

ZHENG Xiao-bo1, Chen Juan1, KANG Wei-min1, LUO Yu-xiang2, TIAN Peng-ju1(1. Key Laboratory of Mountainous Climate and Resources of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550002, China; 2. Climate Center of Guizhou Province)

2007, 28(04):  453-456. 

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The geographic information aimed the areas of gradient<6° and territorial areas of>1 ha in Yungui Plateau was extracted and separated by GIS. The big basin which rice was cultivated was chosen to be the monitoring area by remote sensing. A composed ten days NDVI sequence of MODIS from 2005 to 2006 was compared to the data observed by meteorological stations to analyze the relationship between the NDVI value and growth durations and growth status of rice. The results showed that each growing period of rice corresponded with the NDVI. The NDVI was at about 0.6 after rice regreening, and up to 0.70 rapidly from tillering to stem extension period. It reached at the peak with 0.75 during booting and sprouting period and then turned down during milkripe and mature period. The point which NDVI was at 0.7 could be as an indicator represented the beginning of reproductive growth of rice. Comparing the NDVI to temperature at the same period, the growth status rice could be assessed and forecasted qualitatively.

An Assessment of Rice Loss Caused by Meteorological Disasters in Heilongjiang Province

WANG Yu, YANG Xiu(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China)

2007, 28(04):  457-459. 

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Taking rice yields in non-meteorological disaster year in Heilongjiang Province as the fundamental sequence, calculated the expected yield of all previous years by using the method of Lagrange Interpolation, the yield loss caused by meteorological disasters was extracted from the total yields. Thereby, the yield loss of rice caused by meteorological disasters was assessed for 1949-2004. The results showed that the impact of meteorological disasters was relatively larger than that before 1984. The serious disaster year (yield loss rate≥30%) accounted for 48.6%, the average yield loss rate was 29%, and the yield fluctuation of each year was larger. The disaster resistant ability of rice had been enhanced, and there were no serious disasters since 1984. The average yield loss rate was lowered to 9%. A further analysis between yield losses due to meteorological disaster and disaster area of different meteorological disasters indicated that the cool summer damage was the major meteorological disaster for rice production in Heilongjiang Province.

GM (1, 1)Prediction Model on Severe Drought Occurrence in Zhejiang Province

LI Song-ping1, LOU Wei-ping2, YANG Xiang-zhu3(1. Meteorology Bureauof Longquan City, Longquan 323700, China; 2. Meteorology Bureau of Xinchang County; 3. Meteorology Bureau of Shaoxing City)

2007, 28(04):  460-462. 

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The traditional grey prediction model got good results for a stable medium and long sequence, but not good for a variable medium and long sequence, such as severe drought occurrence. The center approach grey GM(1,1)model was established for prediction of severe drought occurrence. Prediction results showed that this model was valid for prediction of the severe drought occurrence in Zhejiang Province.

Influence of Key Meteorological Factors on Locust Occurrence in Inner Mongolia

CHEN Su-hua, LI Hong-yu(Center of Ecology and Agro-meteorology of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010051, China)

2007, 28(04):  463-466. 

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The locust is a main kind of meadow pests in the Inner Mongolia and meteorological conditions have important influence on locust occurrences. The main meteorological factors that affected locust ovum overwintering were the appearance time of first cold wave in the autumn and winter temperature. The soil moisture, time and intension of cold wave affected mainly ovum hatching in the spring. The key factor that affected larva eclosion was the minimum temperature during last ten days in April to first ten days in June.

Discriminance of Meteorological Indicator for Occurrence of Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Penz of Chinese Wolfberry (Lycium chinense) in Ningxia

ZHANG Lei, LIU Jing, ZHANG Xiao-yu, MA Guo-fei(Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, China)

2007, 28(04):  467-470. 

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The impacts of the meteorological factors on the occurrence of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz of Chinese Wolfberry (Lycium chinense) in Ningxia were studied to determine the discriminant indexes and their thresholds. The results of a four years experiment indicated that the key meteorological factors influencing outbreak of the colletotrichum gloeosporioides were the mean relative humidity and the precipitation, including rainfall and available precipitation days during 28 days before mature period, and the mean wind speed during 12 days before mature period. Based on the index of colletotrichum gloeosporioides occurrence, the discriminant index of meteorological factors was determined by methods of k-means cluster and artificial judgement. The accuracy of discriminance was with 66% tested by historic data.