Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

Study on Improvement of WOFOST Against Overwinter of Wheat in North China

MA Yu-ping,WANG Shi-li,ZHANG Li (Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,China)

2005, 26(03): 145-149.

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There was so long period of overwinter dormancy during development of winter wheat in North China that the simulation results of crop model could be improved by correct simulation of overwinter process of wheat. In this paper, against climate characteristic and ecologic type of winter wheat variety in North China, parameters of WOFOST was adjusted based on meteorological index of overwinter process of wheat in China, which made this model can simulate phenological phase of overwinter. Biomass weight in turn-green was re-initialized using optimum method (FSEOPT) according to measured data. Thus, WOFOST can simulate the change in biomass of winter during overwinter in North China, and simulated ability of WOFOST was improved. This research would be a foudation of adaptation of WOFOST in simulating development of winter wheat and regional application in North China.

Validation and Calibration of Land Production Simulation Model(PS123)

LIU Hong~(1),GUO Wen-li~(2),YU Zhen-rong~(3) (1.Institute of Resource and Environment science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014,China; 2.Institution of Climatic, Beijing Meteorological Bureau;3.College of Resource and Environment science, China Agricultural University)

2005, 26(03): 150-154.

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The experimental results on the growth and development of summer maize with different treatments of sowing dates, water supply in 1999 were used to improve and calibrate a quantitative land production simulation model (PS123)at both potential and water-limited levels based on the principle of other crop growth simulation model. Crop parameter values for common maize cultivar in the North China Plain were derived from the experiment data and default soil parameters were set for 4 local agricultural soils. The experimental data with water-limited treatments was used to validate the calibrated PS12 model. It is concluded that PS123 model had the basic capability for the application of regional land productivity evaluation and the possible improvements for the application of PS123 model were discussed at different scales.

Validation of Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) in Heilongjiang Province

LI Xiu-fen~(1), WANG Yu-guang~(2), JI Sheng-tai~(2), JIANG Li-xia~(2) (1.Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Heilongjiang Province)

2005, 26(03): 155-157.

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Based on the observed climate and crop data in the Heilongjiang Province, the important parameters for maize, soybean, paddy rice and spring wheat in the Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) were validated and classified. The different models were used to monitor and predict the crop yields for 2003 in the different counties. The validation results showed that the CGMS had a good predictive effect with a relative high accuracy, and was valuable to monitor and predict the food crop yields both in theoretical research and practical application.

Analysis of Climate Character of Summer Precipitation in Northwest China

LI Hui~(1),WANG Wei-tai~(2) (1.Meteorological Bureau of Jinchang City, Jinchang 737100, China; 2.Meteorological Bureau of Qingyang City)

2005, 26(03): 158-160.

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Based on the summer precipitation (from June to August) data in the 119 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2000 in the Northwest China, the average precipitation and its variance, inter-annual and decades distribution characteristics of average precipitation were calculated. The results showed that according to the summer rainfall the Northwestern China could be divided into three basic climatic zones, including North Xinjiang, Mid-west river basin dessert and East monsoon influenced region. The precipitation and its variance in the Mid-west river basin dessert region was lowest and in status of stead drought. The precipitation and its variance in the East monsoon influenced region changed in a wide range with increased drought occurrence. The precipitation in the North Xinjiang region was high and changed not so big as in the East monsoon influenced region. The inter-decades distribution of precipitation in the three zones was different. The changes of precipitation could directly influence the yields of main local crops in drylands.

Calculation of Evaporation and its Application on Evaluating Water Resources of Agriculture in Jiangxi Province

DU Xiao-ling,WEI Li,HUANG Shao-ping,LIU Wen-ying (Agricultural Meteorological Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046,China)

2005, 26(03): 161-164.

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Based on the famous Penman formula and local observed meteorological data from 1993 to 2000, a calculated model of evaporation for Jiangxi province, which is in monsoon climate region, was developed. The difference of precipitation and evaporation during crop season were calculated to evaluate the local agricultural water resources. The results showed that there was a rich agricultural water resources in Jiangxi in general, but it was rich from March to June and short from July to October; And there was the spatial variation also, it displayed much more water profit in east than that of in west, and more in mountain than in plain region.

Estimation of Daily Solar Radiation in China

TONG Cheng-li~(1),ZHANG Wen-ju~(1,2),TANG Yang~(1) (1.Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS, Changsha 410125, China; 2.College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agriculture University)

2005, 26(03): 165-169.

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Based on analysis of the different kinds of calculation methods on solar radiation, a simple, practical and easy operative model was built to estimate daily solar radiation in China. The inputs of the model needed were the sunshine hours and geological information of calculating stand. The simulated results for 9 representative stations in the different regions of China were compared and statistically validated with the observation values. The results showed that the simulated solar radiations had significantly related to the observation values (R~(2)=0.81-0.93). The average error of calculation was 16.5%, the average absolute and the standard deviation were 0.77, 2.09 and 2.65 MJ m~(-2) d~(-1) respectively. The simulation parameters needed to be adjusted in the special regions.

Research Progress on Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change

SUN Fang~(1,2),YANG Xiu~(1,2) (1.Laboratory of Climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China; 2.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

2005, 26(03): 170-173.

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The issue of climate vulnerability is a major topic of the impacts of climate change. The vulnerability of agriculture to climate change is the key issue concerned globally. The conception and research progress were reviewed and elaborated in this paper. And the further hot and difficult topics of agricultural vulnerability were proposed.

Effects of Humic Acid on Morphological and Physiological Characters of Winter Wheat

ZHANG Jian-ping~(1),SUN Fang~(2),LI Yu-zhong~(2) (1.Research Center of Urban Meteorological Engineering Technology of Chongqing City, Chongqing 401147, China; 2.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

2005, 26(03): 174-176.

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The Seeds of two winter wheat varieties were treated by humic acid. The changes of morphological and physiological characters of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that humic acid could raise the rate of seedling and significantly improve the growth and accumulation of the biomass of winter wheat. The ABA content in the winter wheat leaves during over-wintering period, the vitality of root systems and the yield of winter wheat had improved by the humic acid treatment.

Temporal Characteristics and Prediction of the Harvest Time of Cut Rose (rosa hybrida) in Spring

YAO De-hong~(1),ZHU Yi-ming~(1),XIANG Chun-long~(2),WU Ji-ling~(1),ZHU Ying~(2) (1.Haining Meteorological Bureau,Haining, Zhejiang 314400,China; 2.Changan Flower Area)

2005, 26(03): 177-179.

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Temperature requirement in different stages of rose growth was crucial for precisely predicting the harvest time of cut rose. The daily average temperature of the budding day of cut rose and the accumulated temperature from budding to cutting flower were investigated as two major aspects of the temperature requirement. The results showed that the accumulated temperature from budding to cutting flower was 780 for low accumulated temperature rose and 980 for high accumulated temperature rose in Haining. Two models for predicting the harvest time of cut rose in Haining were built up based on the analysis of temporal characteristics of reaching the required accumulated temperature each year to guide the rose production.

Impact of Warmer Climate on Main Growing Periods of Winter Wheat and Response Strategy

CHE Shao-jing~(1), ZHI Li-hui~(1), FENG Li-hui~(2) (1.Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;2.Shijiazhuang Agricultural Technical Extension Center)

2005, 26(03): 180-183.

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Based on the climate data in recent 50 years in Shijiazhuang, the changes of the main growing periods of winter wheat in the last 20 years were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature in the winter and spring had obviously increased since 1990s, consequently each growing period of winter wheat in the spring beame earlier, in particular, since 1998. The negative correlation between the length of growing period and the temperature in the spring was found, and it was significantly from reviving stage to each growing stages in the spring. The response strategy for winter wheat cultivation to adapt the climate change was put forward.

Influence of High Temperature and Drought in Summer on Growth of Citrus

JIN Zhi-feng~(1), CHEN Xian-qing~(2), ZHANG Chang-ji~(3) (1.Zhejiang Climatic Center, Hangzhou 310017, China; 2.Zhuji Meteorological Bureau; 3.Jiaojiang Meteorological Bureau)

2005, 26(03): 184-186.

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We analyzed the characteristics of the high temperature and drought in summer of 2003 in Zhejiang Province, and their influence on growth of citrus. The results showed that the percentage of fertile fruit dropped, fruit diameter increased slowly and the fruit yield decreased significantly. The countermeasures against heat and drought were put forward.

The Gray Connected Advantage Analysis of the Second Generation Heliothis armigera Occurrence Degrees and the Weather Factors

SUN Li-de~(1),ZHANG Dian-xiang~(2),LIANG Zhi-bing~(1) (1.Meteorological Bureau of Kazuo County, Kazuo ,122300 , China;2.Plant Protection Station of Kazuo County)

2005, 26(03): 187-190.

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The relationship between the second generation Helicoverpa armigera(Hbner) occurrence degrees and the climate factors was analyzed in Kazuo county, Liaoning Province. The results showed that the drought degree of the last-ten days in June, the average air temperature of the first-ten days in July and the average air temperature of the second-ten days in June were the main factors which affected the occurrence degrees of the second generation Heliothis armigera. And that the factor relatively poor correlated to it was the drought of the second-ten days in July. So the drought and higher air temperature in summer was the important conditions of the Heliothis armigera great occurrence.

Application of Gray System Theory on Disastrous Year Forecast of Winter Strong Low Temperature and Frost

YU Yan~(1), MENG Gui-yun~(2), WANG En-chao~(3), LI Wei-tang~4 (1.Xishuangbnna Meteorological Bureau,Jinghong 666100,China;2. Menghai Meteorological Bureau;3.Yaoan Meteorological Bureau; 4.Mengla Meteorological Bureau)

2005, 26(03): 191-193.

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Based on the disastrous forecast of grey system theory, the disastrous forecast model for winter strong low temperature and frost was established, combined with the historical temperature date in the Menghai County, Yunna Province. The years in which the minimum temperature under -1.4and frost emerged, and the disastrous years in the future would emerge, were predicted. The predicted results were accorded with the observation data by model validating. The corresponding countermeasures of disaster reduction were put forward.

A Preliminary Study on Developing Artificial Rainfall During Soil Freezing Period to Improve Soil Moisture Content in Spring Sowing Ti me in Chaoyang District

LIU Yun-hui(Institute of Meteorological Science of Chaoyang City,Chaoyang 122000 ,China)

2005, 26(03): 194-196.

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Based onthe observation datain Chaoyang Cityfrom1970 to 2004 ,the relationship betweenthe precipitation andsoil moisture content inthe spring sowingtime was analyzed.The results showedthat the rainfall during soil freezing period(from October to November) had extremely conspicuous mutual relations withthe soil moisture content inthe spring sowingtime .It was suggestedthatthe artificial rainfall should be developedinthe period of soil freezingtoimprovethe soil moisturecontent of the spring sowingin Chaoyang district andto raise the effect and benefit of artificial rainfall .

Analysis and Prediction of Winter Low Temperature and Freezing Injury Weather in Sunlight Greenhouse in Yanan

SUN Zhi-hui, LI Hong-qun, ZHENG Xiao-yang (Meteorological Bureau of Yan'an City, Yan'an 716000 China)

2005, 26(03): 197-199.

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Based on observed meteorological data for 30 years in Yan'an district, the temperature both inside and outside the greenhouse during strong temperature drop process was compared. It is concluded that the thermophilous crops planted in the greenhouse would be damaged, when the air temperature dropped to -20 outside the greenhouse and the temperature would be under 0inside the greenhouse, even though the protection measures were adopted. Taking -20as a critical temperature at which the plant freezing injury would occur, the freezing zone was divided in the Yan'an district. The different forecast service patterns were put forward according to the air circulation status.

Identification and Application of Thermal Indexes of Main Cultivated Soybean Varieties in Heilongjiang Province

GAO Yong-gang, WANG Yu-guang, NAN Rui, YAN Ping, YANG Xiao-qiang (Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030, China)

2005, 26(03): 200-204.

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Based on the phonological data, the thermal indexes, such as the active accumulated temperature and minimum limit temperature in each growing period of soybean, were calculated for the main cultivated soybean varieties in the Heilongjiang Province, by using the Least Squares Method. The spatial distribution of thermal resource and the possible days of growing period were obtained by interpolating in the 50km50km grid based on the daily climate data in 81 stations from 1981 to 2002 in the Heilongjiang Province, and compared with the observed the active accumulated temperature and days of growing period for the main cultivated soybean varieties. The indexes for dividing zone of different mature period patterns of soybean varieties and suitable planting zones for the main cultivated soybean varieties were discussed. The soybean production zone in the Heilongjiang Province was divided into two dominant production zones (Songnen and Sanjiang plain) and one subsidiary production zone (Heihe and Yichun regions).

Climatic Compartment of Lyciumbar barum L. in Sinkiang

YU Shu-long~(1), WANG Jian~(1),REN Shui-lian~(2), CUI Xiao-jun~(3), YANG Xiao-guang~(4),XU De-yuan~(1) (1.Urumchi Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,urumchi, 830002;2.Xinjiang Center of Environmental Meteorology; 3.China Meteorological Press;4.China Agricultural University)

2005, 26(03): 205-207.

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There was the best climatic condition to fit to the growth of Lyciumbar barum L. in Jinghe county in Sinkiang by compared with Wuzhong county in Ningxia, so take the main climatic index (such as the day of 5,accumulatedtemperature of 5, the average temperature in july, et al.) in Jinghe as a index, Sinkiang was dividied into 3 suitable climatic zones using Fuzzy Priority Method, and different strategy were put forward for its development each zone.

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