中国北部冬麦区小麦生育期对生育阶段积温变化的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1993-2013年中国北部冬麦区19个农业气象观测站的冬小麦生育期及气象资料，研究了冬小麦各生育阶段积温和生育期的时空变异特征。通过皮尔逊相关性分析等方法，探究冬小麦各生育阶段积温变化对生育期的影响。结果表明：（1）播种-出苗、返青-拔节阶段≥0℃积温和越冬期负积温的值呈东高西低的空间分布，拔节-抽穗、抽穗-乳熟、乳熟-成熟和播种-成熟阶段≥0℃积温为东南低西北高，而出苗-越冬开始阶段≥0℃积温则呈东南高西北低的分布；拔节-抽穗和乳熟-成熟阶段≥0℃积温均在21%的站点上显著减少，返青-拔节、抽穗-乳熟和播种-成熟阶段≥0℃积温及越冬期负积温分别在26%、37%、21%和42%的站点上显著增加，而播种-出苗和出苗-越冬开始阶段≥0℃积温的变化较小；（2）播种和出苗期呈东部晚西部早的空间分布，抽穗、乳熟和成熟期则相反；越冬开始期呈东南晚西北早的分布，返青期则相反；拔节早的站点主要位于麦区东部。播种、出苗、返青、拔节、乳熟和成熟期分别在21%、16%、37%、26%、42%和21%站点显著推迟且多位于麦区东部，而越冬开始期和抽穗期仅在5%站点变化显著；（3）相关分析表明，各生育阶段≥0℃积温（或越冬期负积温）与多个生育期的相关性显著，生育阶段积温的变化可能直接或间接影响了冬小麦的生长发育。越冬期负积温与返青、拔节、抽穗、乳熟和成熟期相关性最大，且与冬后多个生育期呈现一致的时空变异特征，其时空变异性可能是造成冬小麦冬后生育期在时空上存在差异的原因。

关键词: 冬小麦, 生育期, 积温需求, 越冬期负积温, 北部冬麦区

Abstract: Based on data collected from 19 agro-meteorological stations located in the winter wheat belt of Northern China from 1993 to 2013, this study analyzed temporal and spatial variability of winter wheat phenology and accumulated temperature in each growing period. Pearson correlation analysis and other methods were used to analyze the effects of accumulated temperature in each growing period on winter wheat phenology. The results showed that,（1）the spatial distribution of ≥0℃accumulated temperature during sowing to emergence and regreening to jointing periods along with the negative accumulated temperature value during the overwintering period (NATop) increased from east to west, and ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during jointing to heading, heading to milk-ripe, milk-ripe to maturity and sowing to maturity periods increased from southeast to northwest, while the distribution during emergency to start of overwintering period was contrary. The ≥0℃accumulated temperature for jointing to heading and milk-ripe to maturity periods decreased significantly at 21% of the investigated stations. The value of NATop, ≥0℃accumulated temperature during regreening to jointing, heading to milk-ripe and sowing to maturity periods increased significantly at 42%, 26%, 37% and 21% of the investigated stations, respectively. The variations of ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during sowing to emergency and emergency to the start of overwintering periods were much smaller. (2) Sowing and emergency date in the east was later than the counterpart in the west, of which variation trend was contrary to heading, milk-ripe and maturity date. Start of overwintering date in the southeast was later than the counterpart in the northwest, of which variation trend was contrary to regreening date. The stations of earlier jointing date were mainly located in the east. Sowing, emergency, regreening, jointing, milk-ripe and maturity date delayed significantly at 21%, 16%, 37%, 26%, 42% and 21% of the investigated stations, respectively. And most of these stations were in the east of the study area. Overwintering and heading date changed significantly only at 5% of the investigated stations. (3) Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between ≥0℃ accumulated temperature (or NATop) and multiple development stages was significant, which indicated that the growth and development of winter wheat might be directly or indirectly influenced by the accumulated temperature during growing periods. The NATop had the highest correlation with regreening, jointing, heading, milk-ripe and maturity date, and showed consistent spatiotemporal variation characteristics with multiple post-winter development stages. Spatiotemporal variability of the NATop might be the factor that caused spatiotemporal variations of winter wheat post-winter phenology.

Key words: Winter wheat, Phenology, Accumulated temperature requirement, Negative accumulated temperature during the overwintering period, Northern China winter wheat belt

马倩倩，贺勇，张梦婷，张聪，许吟隆. 中国北部冬麦区小麦生育期对生育阶段积温变化的响应[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(04): 233-244.

MA Qian-qian，HE Yong，ZHANG Meng-ting，ZHANG Cong，XU Yin-long. Responses of Winter Wheat Phenology to Accumulated Temperature during Growing Periods in Northern China Wheat Belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(04): 233-244.

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