低温冻害过程中枣树枝条相关生理指标的变化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2014年1月中旬通过采集不同抗寒性枣树（骏枣和灰枣）枝条，每品种设置-10（CK）、-18、-21、-24和-27℃共5个低温处理，每个处理均分别持续5、12和24h，-10℃条件下恢复24h后测定枝条叶绿素荧光、质膜透性、膜脂过氧化、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等指标，分析低温冻害过程中两品种枝条生理指标的变化特征。结果表明：随着处理温度的下降，枣树枝条基础荧光（Fo）逐渐上升，光系统II（PSII）光能转化效率Fv/Fm值呈明显下降趋势。枝条相对电导率逐渐增加，至-24℃时相对电导率显著上升，低温持续时间以24h低温处理变化最显著，抗寒性较强的骏枣相对电导率变幅相对较小。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量和保护酶（超氧化物歧化酶SOD）活性呈先上升后下降的趋势，至-24℃低温处理时枝条MDA含量达到最大、SOD活性升至最高，处理温度再降至-27℃时二者均有所下降；同一处理温度下均以12h低温持续时间枣树枝条的MDA含量和SOD活性变化最显著，不同品种间骏枣MDA含量变幅较小，其受低温诱导SOD活性变化比灰枣更活跃。随着处理温度的下降，枣树枝条的渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均逐渐增加，至-24℃低温时达最大值，随后有所下降；各低温持续时间处理均以12h的变化最显著，骏枣的变幅均显著高于灰枣。研究结果说明枣树受低温激发通过诱导不同生理生化过程的动态变化以应对冻害的影响。

关键词: 红枣, 低温, 持续时间, 生理特征, 影响过程

Abstract:

Two cold-resistant jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill) varieties (named Junzao and Huizao) were selected to carry out the experiment in middle ten days of January 2014, which were subjected to low temperature stress at five different grades (-18, -21, -24 and -27℃, as well as -10℃ as the reference temperature) for periods of 5h, 12h and 24h simulating experiments(total of 15 treatments). The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of basic fluorescence(Fo) and photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), physiological indices of relative electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances, were measured after recovering 24h from the experiment process at -10℃, to analyze the change of physiological indexes of jujube branches under process of low temperature and freeze injury. The results indicated that, the basic fluorescence (Fo) increased greatly, and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased greatly as the low temperature dropped. The relative electrical conductivity of branches increased gradually as the low temperature dropped, and increased significantly at -24℃ treatment. The change of relative electrical conductivity was significant at 24h duration of low temperature and freeze injury treatment, and the variation range on Junzao was smaller than it on Huizao. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content, which was the lipid peroxidation product, and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, which was the protective enzyme, increased all greatly as the low temperature dropped, and then decreased all slightly at -27℃ treatment after reaching the peak value at -24℃ treatment. The changes of MDA content and SOD activity at 12h duration were all significant among the periods of 5-24h simulating experiments. The variation range of MDA content on Junzao was smaller than it on Huizao, and variation range of SOD activity on Junzao was more active than it on Huizao. The proline and soluble sugar content, which were the osmotic adjustment substances, increased all greatly as the low temperature dropped, and then decreased all slightly after reaching the peak value at -24℃ treatment. The changes of 12h duration were all significant among the periods of 5-24h simulating experiments, and the variation ranges of them on Junzao were higher than that of Huizao. Results showed that the different physiological process were inspired and induced by low temperature, and by applying the dynamic variation of physiological process to reply synthetically the influence of low temperature and freeze injury on jujube tree.

Key words: Jujube tree, Low temperature, Duration time, Physiological character, Influence process

吉春容，刘海蓉，罗继，杨明凤，范金霞，邹陈. 低温冻害过程中枣树枝条相关生理指标的变化[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(05): 545-554.

JI Chun-rong，LIU Hai-rong，LUO Ji，YANG Ming-feng，FAN Jin-xia，ZOU Chen. Changes of Physiological Indices of Jujube Branches under Process of Low Temperature and Freeze Injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(05): 545-554.

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