气候变化背景下中国主要作物农业气象灾害时空分布
特征（Ⅱ）：西北主要粮食作物干旱

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于中国西北地区1961-2010年149个气象站点逐日气象资料及春小麦、春玉米和夏玉米生育期资料，采用作物水分亏缺指数（CWDI）为作物干旱指标，明确了研究区域内3种作物干旱的空间分布特征和时间演变规律。研究结果表明：（1）3种作物生长季内及各生育阶段，干旱发生频繁，尤以特旱和重旱发生范围广、频率高，轻旱和中旱多发生在研究区域东部，甘肃南部和陕西南部等个别地区干旱发生频率相对较小。（2）春小麦生长季内干旱发生站次比为79.1%，春玉米生长季内干旱发生站次比为84.5%，夏玉米干旱发生站次比为77.4%；夏玉米生长季内站次比波动较小，春小麦和春玉米波动较大。总体而言，研究时段内春小麦生长期干旱发生站次比呈减小趋势，降幅为每10a减少0.55个百分点，春玉米和夏玉米干旱站次比呈增加趋势，增幅分别为每10a增加0.24个百分点和0.20个百分点。（3）研究区域东部春小麦和春玉米各生育阶段干旱强度呈增加趋势，西部呈下降趋势；夏玉米干旱强度在陕西北部、宁夏和河西走廊呈增加趋势，其它地区多为降低趋势。

关键词: 作物水分亏缺指数, 站次比, 干旱强度

Abstract: Based on the 1961-2010 daily meteorological data from 149 meteorological stations in northwest China and the growth period data of spring wheat, spring maize and summer maize, the spatial distribution and time evolution characteristic of drought for the three crops were cleared by using the crop water deficit index (CWDI). The results showed that (1) the occurrence of drought was frequent for the three crops during the whole growing seasons and each growth period in the study region. Specially, extreme drought and severe drought occurred with a wide range and high frequency, while light drought and moderate drought tended to occur in the eastern parts of the study region such as the southern area of Gansu and Shaanxi Province where the drought occurred less frequently and the level was lower. (2) The ratios of drought occurring stations for spring wheat, spring maize and summer maize during the whole growing period were 79.1%, 84.5% and 77.4%, respectively; the variation in the ratio of drought occurring stations for summer maize was relatively steady but the ratios of drought occurring stations for spring wheat and summer maize both showed a high fluctuation. Overall, the ratio of drought occurring stations for spring wheat during the whole growing season exhibited a declining trend, with a rate of -0.55 percent points per decade. However, the ratio of drought occurring stations for spring maize and summer maize during the growing season showed an increasing trend, with the rates of 0.24 percent points per decade and 0.20 percent points per decade, respectively. (3) The drought strength for spring wheat and summer maize in the eastern parts of the study region showed an increasing trend while a declining trend was detected in the west. The drought strength for summer maize in northern Shaanxi Province, Ningxia Autonomous Region and Hexi Corridor experienced an increasing trend, however other regions showed a decreasing trend.

Key words: Crop water deficit index, Occurring stations ratio, Drought intensity

何斌，刘志娟，杨晓光，孙爽. 气候变化背景下中国主要作物农业气象灾害时空分布特征（Ⅱ）：西北主要粮食作物干旱[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(01): 31-41.

HE Bin, LIU Zhi-juan, YANG Xiao-guang, SUN Shuang. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Agro-meteorological Disasters of Main Crops in China in a Changing Climate (Ⅱ):Drought of Cereal Crops in Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(01): 31-41.

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