大穗型水稻品种抽穗开花期遭遇高温后的结实表现

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 培育大穗型水稻品种是进一步提高水稻产量的途径之一，但是大穗型水稻的颖花受精和籽粒灌浆易受环境影响而产生波动。以大穗型水稻品种BL006和R-农白为试验材料，中穗型品种黄华占为对照，利用人工气候室模拟湖北典型高温天气的昼夜温度变化，研究大穗型水稻在抽穗开花期遭遇高温（日平均气温30℃和33℃）后的结实表现。结果表明：高温处理后，各品种的颖花受精率显著降低；30℃处理后，BL006、R-农白和黄华占的颖花受精率分别下降10.37、10.05和7.24个百分点，33℃处理后，分别降低53.17、65.38和8.17个百分点；30℃高温处理后，弱势颖花受精率的降幅较大，33℃高温处理后，强势颖花受精率的降幅较大；颖花受精率的变化与品种的光合特征有关。与常温相比，30℃高温处理后，BL006和R-农白的千粒重均降低1.69%，黄华占升高2.45%；33℃处理后，BL006和黄华占分别降低18.38%和11.65%，R-农白升高3.10%。此外，千粒重的变化也受粒位影响。因此，选育强耐高温的大穗型水稻品种，要整体提升穗部颖花的高温耐性水平和品种的光合能力。

关键词: 大穗型水稻, 抽穗开花期, 颖花受精率, 千粒重, 光合能力

Abstract: Enhancing sink capacity of large panicle is an important way to improve yield potential of super rice. However, environmental factors often impact fertilization and grain filling of large-panicle rice greater than those of the normal panicles. In this experiment, seed-set of large-panicle rice cultivars suffered from high temperature (daily mean temperature 30℃ and 33℃) within a phytotron at anthesis were investigated using two large-panicle rice cultivars (BL006 and R-nongbai) and one normal panicle rice cultivar (Huanghuazhan) as well. The natural light phytotron was applied in this experiment to simulate the typical disastrous high temperature weather of Hubei province in the field. Under high temperature treatments, spikelet fertilities of all the tested cultivars were decreased, and spikelet fertilities of BL006, R-nongbai and Huanghuazhan were decreased by 10.37，10.05 and 7.24 percentage points under high temperature 30℃, and by 53.17，65.38 and 8.17 percentage points under high temperature 33℃, respectively. High temperatures at 30℃ and 33℃ made a greater adverse impact on the inferior spikelets and superior spikelets, respectively, and the decrease of spikelet fertility under high temperature was associated with photosynthesis. Under high temperature 30℃, grain weights of BL006 and R-nongbai were decreased by 1.69% compared with normal temperature, whereas those of Huanghuazhan were increased by 2.45%. Under high temperature 33℃, grain weights of BL006 and Huanghuazhan were decreased by 18.38% and 11.65%, respectively, whereas those of R-nongbai were increased by 3.10%. In addition to high temperature, positions of the spikelet on a panicle also played an important part in determining grain weights. Accordingly, breeding large-panicle rice cultivars with tolerance to high temperature needs to improve heat resistance of spikelets on a panicle and photosynthetic capacity of rice cultivar.

Key words: Large-panicle rice, Anthesis, Spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, Photosynthetic capacity

陈建珍，闫浩亮，刘科，穆麒麟，朱开典，张运波，田小海. 大穗型水稻品种抽穗开花期遭遇高温后的结实表现[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(02): 84-91.

CHEN Jian-zhen, YAN Hao-liang, LIU Ke, MU Qi-lin, ZHU Kai-dian, ZHANG Yun-bo, TIAN Xiao-hai. Seed-Set of Large-Panicle Rice Cultivars Suffered from High Temperature at Anthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(02): 84-91.

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