大穗型水稻品种剪叶处理后灌浆结实期源库关系分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以大穗型水稻品种BL006和R-农白为试验材料，2015年在大田栽培条件下分期播种，研究剪叶处理对不同水稻品种灌浆结实、叶片可溶性糖含量、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）含量等的影响，探讨大穗型水稻品种灌浆期间的源库关系。结果表明，（1）与对照相比，剪叶处理中，BL006和R-农白的千粒重显著降低24.34%和7.86%；BL006不同部位的千粒重均显著降低，R-农白仅上部二次枝梗的千粒重显著降低；两个品种的平均灌浆速率降低，到达灌浆峰值的时间提前，高速灌浆和总灌浆持续期缩短，但是，R-农白的起始灌浆速率提高。（2）与对照相比，剪叶处理中，BL006和R-农白剩余叶片的可溶性糖含量降低，但是，R-农白灌浆初期的可溶性糖含量显著提高40.59%。（3）与对照相比，剪叶处理中茎鞘NSC含量显著降低，无前期的积累过程；R-农白茎鞘NSC的输出时间提前到齐穗期；BL006和R-农白茎鞘NSC转运量显著降低23.32%和27.41%，转运率升高6.93%和18.88%，R-农白茎鞘NSC对籽粒的贡献率显著降低2.14%。试验结果表明，水稻剪叶处理中，库源比（粒叶比）增大，叶片可溶性糖和茎鞘NSC的输出增加，但无法弥补源的不足，导致籽粒灌浆速率降低、灌浆持续期（尤其是高速灌浆）缩短、千粒重降低。适当扩大库容，可协调源-流-库的关系，发掘大穗型水稻品种R-农白的高产潜力，从而促进大穗型水稻品种高产稳产。

关键词: , 千粒重, 灌浆, 非结构性碳水化合物, 源库关系, 高产稳产

Abstract: Field experiments were performed with two heavy panicle rice cultivars (BL006, R-nongbai) with different sowing dates in 2015. After leaf-cutting treatment, grain filling characteristics, leaf soluble sugar content, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content in stem and sheath were determined to investigate source-sink relationship during grain filling period. The results showed that: (1) under leaf-cutting treatment, 1000-grain weight was reduced by 24.34% in BL006 and 7.86% in R-nongbai compared with control; 1000-grain weights of different branches were significantly reduced for BL006, while only those of upper secondary branches in R-nongbai were significantly reduced; Both cultivars had a lower grain filling rate, and the time reaching highest grain filling rate and entire grain filling duration were shortened. (2) Leaf-cutting treatment resulted in the decrease in soluble sugar contents of the remaining leaves for both BL006 and R-nongbai, but leaf soluble sugar contents during the initial stage were significantly increased by 40.59% for R-nongbai in comparison with control. (3) NSC contents of stem and sheath were significantly reduced by leaf-cutting treatment and weren’t accumulated at earlier filling stage, and NSCs of R-nongbai were pre-translocated from full heading stage; Translocations of NSC from stem and sheath to grain (TNSC) were decreased by 23.32% in BL006 and 27.41% in R-nongbai, but translocation rates (TRNSC) were increased by 6.93% in BL006 and 18.88% in R-nongbai; Contribution rate of NSC to grain (CNSC) of R-nongbai were reduced by 2.14%. These results indicated that leaf-cutting treatment led to higher ratio of sink to source (grain-leaf ratio), and both translocations of leaves soluble sugar contents and TNSC were increased; However, these couldn’t compensate inadequate source, resulting in lower grain filling rate, shortened grain filling duration(especially the period with high filling rate) and lower 1000-grain weight. Expanding sink capacity can coordinate “source-flow-sink” and explore high yield potential of heavy panicle rice cultivar R-nongbai, that promotes high-stable yielding of heavy panicle rice cultivars.

Key words: 1000-grain weight, Grain filling, Non-structural carbohydrate, Source-sink relationship, High and stable yield

中图分类号:

陈建珍，闫浩亮，杨前玉，田小海. 大穗型水稻品种剪叶处理后灌浆结实期源库关系分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(04): 222-229.

CHEN Jian-zhen, YAN Hao-liang, YANG Qian-yu, TIAN Xiao-hai. Source-Sink Relationship during Grain Filling in Response to Leaf-cutting Treatment for Heavy Panicle Rice Cultivars [J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(04): 222-229.

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