中国农业气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 372-385.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2023.05.003

• 农业生态环境栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

连作年限影响芹菜根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能类群

刘素, 吴宏亮,陈倬,冯海萍,张海宇,康建宏   

  1. 1.宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021;2.宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川 750000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-22 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 吴宏亮,副教授,主要从事耕作制度、农业生态领域的应用基础理论和技术研究。 E-mail:nxuwu@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘素,E-mail:nxuliu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03079);宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB−2021−8−06);宁夏自治区重点研发计划(2020BBF03016);宁夏青年拔尖人才项目

Continuous Cropping Years Affect the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Functional Taxa of Celery

LIU Su, WU Hong-liang, CHEN Zhuo, FENG Hai-ping, ZHANG Hai-yu, KANG Jian-hong   

  1. 1.School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;2.Institute of Horticulture, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750000
  • Received:2022-05-22 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-17

摘要: 芹菜是宁夏冷凉区特色蔬菜,大规模种植不可避免地导致连作障碍。为了揭示芹菜根际土壤微生物的多样性特征和群落结构随种植年限变化的差异,本研究采用Illumina Novaseq−PE250测序平台对芹菜种植一年(CA)、连作两年(CB)和连作三年(CC)时根际土样的16S V3V4区和ITS1区进行双末端Paired-end测序,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,土壤细菌多样性随连作年限延长呈逐渐降低趋势,Chao 1指数第一年8509.41,第三年降低至6314.09。CA香农指数最高,为11.48,CC最低,仅11.08。随着连作年限的增加,土壤细菌中的δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)和芽单胞菌纲(Gemmatimonadetes)等优势菌纲及其中的罗库菌属(Rokubacteriales)、芽球菌属(Blastococcus)、红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)等有益菌丰度减少。土壤真菌的多样性指数、丰富度指数等均随连作年限增加呈先下降后上升趋势,表现为CA、CB的Chao 1指数分别为505.44和264.66,而CC为443.92,CA、CB的香农指数分别为5.98和4.93,而CC为5.61,且连作年限间均存在显著差异。同时,土壤真菌中的粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)和瓶毛壳属(Lophotrichus)、黑孢壳属(Melanospora)等优势菌纲属具有显著变化差异。微生物主坐标成分分析结果表明,CC与其他处理间存在强异质性。PICRUSt2功能预测分析表明,芹菜根际土壤细菌主要有7大类一级功能层,氨基酸生物合成相对丰度占比最高,真菌有5大类一级功能层,核苷和核苷酸生物合成相对丰度占比最高,同时芹菜连作不同年限时多条代谢通路间具有极显著差异。综上研究结果,芹菜连作会降低根际土壤菌群的丰富度及多样性,改变菌群结构,导致根际微生态环境失衡,从而引发相关连作障碍病害。其中,以芹菜连作三年时微生物各项指数变幅最大,故建议宁夏南部山区芹菜产业将连作不超过两年作为田间种植模式。

关键词: 芹菜, 连作年限, 根际土壤微生物, 高通量测序, PICRUSt2功能预测

Abstract: Celery is a characteristic vegetable in Ningxia cold region, and its large-scale planting inevitably leads to the prominent obstacle of continuous cropping. In order to reveal the diversity characteristics of microbes in celery rhizosphere soil and the difference of community structure with planting years, author used Illumina Novaseq-PE250 sequencing platform to sequence 16S V3V4 region and ITS1 region of celery rhizosphere soil samples after planting for one year (CA), continuous cropping for two years (CB) and continuous cropping for three years (CC), and made bioinformatics analysis.The results showed that the soil bacterial diversity decreased gradually with the extension of continuous cropping years. The Chao 1 index decreased from 8509.41 in the first year to 6314.09 in the third year.The CA Shannon index was the highest at 11.48 and the CC was the lowest at 11.08.The abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Deltaproteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in soil bacteria and Rokubacteriales, Blastococcus and Solirubrobacter in them decreased. The diversity index and richness index of soil fungi first decreased and then increased with the increase of continuous cropping years, which showed that the Chao 1 index of CA and CB was 505.44 and 264.66, while CC was 443.92, the Shannon index of CA and CB was 5.98, 4.93, and CC was 5.61, and there were significant differences between continuous cropping years. At the same time, there are significant differences among soil fungi, such as Sordariomycetes, Lophotrichus, Melanospora and other dominant genera. The results of microbial principal coordinate component analysis showed that there was strong heterogeneity between CC and other treatments. The function prediction analysis of PICRUSt2 showed that bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of celery mainly had 7 major categories of primary functional layers, with the highest relative abundance of Amino Acid Biosynthesis, fungi had 5 major categories of primary functional layers, and the highest relative abundance of Nucleoside and Nucleotide Biosynthesis. At the same time, there were significant differences between multiple metabolic pathways in different years of continuous cultivation of celery. To sum up, celery continuous cropping will reduce the richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil flora, change the flora structure, and lead to the imbalance of rhizosphere micro-ecological environment, thus causing related continuous cropping obstacle diseases. Among them, the microbial indices changed the most when celery was continuously cropped for three years. Therefore, it is recommended that the celery industry in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia should be continuously cropped for no more than two years as a field planting mode.

Key words: Celery, Continuous croping year, Rhizosphere soil microorganism, High-throughput sequencing, PICRUSt2 functional prediction