中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 89-100.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.01.009

• 农业气象保险专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭北春玉米出苗-乳熟期干旱天气指数保险定价研究

王琳,孙擎,杨世琼,倪闻,张淑敏,刘跃峰   

  1. 1.中国气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安710016;2.中国气象科学研究院,北京100081;3.铜川市气象局,铜川 727000;4.贵州省生态与农业气象中心,贵阳550000;5.陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心,西安710000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-17
  • 作者简介:王琳,E-mail:1042520457@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300200);中国气象局“金融气象”重点创新团队(CMA2024ZD03);中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXFZ2023J057);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2022Z001);中国气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室开放基金项目(2023Y−12)

Study on Drought Weather Index Insurance During Seedling-milk Ripe Stage of Spring Maize in Weibei Region

WANG Lin, SUN Qing, YANG Shi-qiong, NI Wen, ZHANG Shu-min, LIU Yue-feng   

  1. 1.China Meteorological Administration Eco-Environmental and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau Key Laboratory, Xi'an 710016, China; 2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081; 3. Tongchuan Meteorological Bureau, Tongchuan 727000; 4. Guizhou Provincial Center of Ecology and Agrometeorology, Guiyang 550000; 5. Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Remote Sensing and Cash Crop Meteorological Service Center, Xi'an 710000
  • Received:2024-03-27 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-17

摘要:

利用1990−2020年渭北地区23个区县国家气象观测站气象数据、春玉米产量和生育期资料,选择干旱对春玉米产量有明显影响的特定生育期建立干旱指数与减产率关系模型,在此基础上设计渭北地区春玉米干旱天气指数保险产品并开展定价研究,利用干旱危险性评估结果修正保险费率以降低基差风险。结果表明:(1)渭北地区春玉米需水关键期为出苗乳熟期,该时期干旱指数(I)与减产率(D)呈显著线性关系D=0.383I3.959P0.05)。(2)渭北地区春玉米出苗乳熟期降水量由西北向东南递减,干旱危险性由西北向东南递增,东南部干旱危险性高于西北部。(3)基于干旱减产率模型和实际保险条例,以干旱指数40%作为赔付触发值,确定了不同干旱天气指数赔付标准,基于干旱危险性评估结果修正后渭北各区县春玉米干旱天气指数保险费率在6.9%~8.9%,保费为公顷375480元。本研究结果可为渭北春玉米天气指数保险产品设计、定价和有效降低基差风险提供科学参考依据。

关键词: 渭北地区, 春玉米, 干旱, 风险, 天气指数保险

Abstract:

In order to transfer and reduce the drought risk in the Weibei region, and ensure economic income and food production security for farmers, meteorological data, spring maize yield and growth period from 1990 to 2020 for 23 counties of the Weibei region were used in this study. The model between drought index and yield reduction rate was established in the specific growth period. Then the spring maize drought weather index insurance product in the Weibei region was designed and the pricing research was carried out. Therefore, the insurance rate was adjusted by using the drought risk assessment results in case to reduce the basis risk. The results showed that: (1) the seedling-milk ripe stage was the key period of water demand for spring maize in the Weibei region. And there was a significant linear relationship between drought index (I) and yield reduction rate (D) during this growth period: D=0.383I−3.959 (P<0.05). (2) The precipitation during the seedling-milk ripe period decreased from northwest to southeast while the drought risk increased from northwest to southeast. And the drought risk in southeast was higher than that in the northwest. (3) Based on the drought yield reduction rate model and the insurance regulations, 40% of the drought index was taken as the compensation trigger value. Then the different drought index compensation standards were determined, and the adjusted insurance rates were between 6.9%−8.9% and the premiums were 375480 Yuan per hectare based on the drought risk assessment results. This study can provide a scientific basis for the Weibei spring maize weather index insurance products designation, premium pricing, and basis risk effectively reduction. 

Key words: Weibei region, Spring maize, Drought, Risk, Weather index insurance