中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 967-976.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.07.006

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻渔共作系统对作物及环境影响的研究进展

樊海丹,吕卫光,裴亚楠,马梦谦,白娜玲,张娟琴,张海韵,李双喜,张翰林   

  1. 1.上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403;2.农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室,上海 201403;3.农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室,上海 201403;4.上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海 201403;5.农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测试验站,上海 201403
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-02 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-20
  • 作者简介:樊海丹,E-mail:cinnamorollfan@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目[沪农科卓(2022)008]

A Review of Rice-fishery Co-culture System Effects on Crops and the Environment

FAN Hai-dan, LV Wei-guang, PEI Ya-nan, MA Meng-qian, BAI Na-ling, ZHANG Juan-qin, ZHANG Hai-yun, LI Shuang-xi, ZHANG Han-lin   

  1. 1. Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403; 3. Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403; 4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201403; 5. Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403
  • Received:2024-08-02 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-20

摘要:

水稻和水生动物共培养系统是现代生态可持续农业的主要模式之一。水稻-水生动物相结合的稻渔共作系统,在保护稻田生物多样性的同时,也可保持土壤肥力,稳定农作物产量,同时还具有控制水体污染,降低温室气体排放,提高土壤微生物活性的潜力。然而,目前稻渔共作系统生产性能与生态环境效益仍存在争议。本文基于国内外20142023年稻渔共作系统对作物和环境影响的研究成果,综述稻渔共作系统对作物产量、土壤质量和水气体的作用,结合中国稻渔共作系统的实际情况,对今后研究方向进行展望和建议,以期为稻渔共作系统的可持续发展提供科学支撑。结果表明:稻渔共作系统能促进水稻增产且提高稻米品质,显著改善土壤理化性质并提升土壤微生物活性;可明显改善水体质量,减少CH4的排放,但对于N2O影响机制尚不明确,其主要由水分管理、农田管理、水生动物种类等多因素共同作用。

关键词: 稻渔共作系统, 产量, 土壤肥力, 面源污染, 土壤微生物, 温室气体排放

Abstract:

The coculture system of rice and aquatic animals is one of the main models of modern ecologically sustainable agriculture. The ricefishery aquaculture model, which combines rice and aquatic animals, can not only protect the biodiversity of paddy fields, but also maintain soil fertility and stabilize crop yields, with the potential of controlling water pollution, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing soil microbial activity in paddy fields. However, there are still controversies about the production performance and eco−environmental benefits of the rice−fishery co−culture system. In this paper, based on the latest research results of the impact of rice−fishery co−culture system on crops and the environment durning 2014 to 2023 at home and abroad, authors synthesized the key effects of rice−fishery co−culture system on crop yields, soil quality, water and gas, combined with the actual situation of rice−fishery co−culture system in China, and made outlooks and suggestions on the future research direction, with the aim of providing scientific support for the sustainable development of rice−fishery co−culture system. The results showed that the rice−fishery co−culture system could increase rice yield and quality, significantly improved soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial activity, and enhanced water quality and reduced CH4 emission. However, the mechanism of influence on N2O was not clear, which was mainly due to multiple factors such as water management, fertilizer management and aquatic animal species. 

Key words:

Rish-fishery co-culture system, Yield, Soil fertility, Non-point pollution, Soil microorganisms, Greenhouse gas emissions