土壤水分胁迫对设施黄瓜叶片光合及抗氧化酶系统的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以黄瓜品种“津研四号”（Jinyan4）为试材，于2015/2016年秋冬季在温室内对黄瓜全生育期开展土壤水分胁迫盆栽试验，设置正常灌溉CK（田间持水量的70%～80%）、轻度胁迫T1（田间持水量的60%～70%）、中度胁迫T2（田间持水量的50%～60%）、重度胁迫T3（田间持水量的30%～40%）4个土壤水分处理，采用土壤水分传感器EM50监测土壤含水量，于苗期、伸蔓期、开花期和结瓜期测定黄瓜叶片的光合特性和抗氧化酶活性等指标。结果表明：（1）水分胁迫下黄瓜叶片光合色素含量均有不同程度降低，T3处理叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量平均值分别比CK下降47.41%、41.03%和34.03%，叶绿素a/b无明显变化趋势。（2）随着土壤水分胁迫加剧，叶片净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）值下降，气孔限制值（Ls）升高，T3处理水分利用效率（WUE）高于其它各处理。（3）随着胁迫时间的延长，各处理黄瓜叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐增加，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先升高后降低，过氧化物酶（POD）呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势。随着胁迫的加重，SOD、POD和CAT活性不断升高，MDA含量持续增加。研究认为土壤水分胁迫引起黄瓜叶片光合能力下降，抗氧化酶活性升高，MDA含量增加。

关键词: 抗氧化酶活性, 气孔导度, 蒸腾速率, 气孔限制值

Abstract: Took cucumber variety of ‘Jinyan4’ as experimental materials, the potting experiment in all growth stages of cucumber under different soil water stresses was conducted in Venlo greenhouse of Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology in autumn and winter of 2015/2016. Soil water treatments were divided into four levels: normal water supply (CK, 70%-80% of field water holding capacity), mild water stress (T1, 60%-70% of field water holding capacity), moderate water stress (T2, 50%-60% of field water holding capacity), and severe water stress (T3, 30%-40% of field water holding capacity). Soil water sensor EM50 was used to monitor soil water content. The photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of cucumber leaves were determined at seedling stage, tendril stage, flowering stage and ripening stage. The results showed that photosynthetic pigment contents in different treatments had a declining trend under soil water stresses. Compared with CK, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content of severe water stress (T3) treatment was reduced by 47.41%, 41.03% and 34.03%, respectively. Chlorophyll a/b had a minor change in different treatments. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) declined with increase of soil water stress degree. Meanwhile, stomatal limitation value (Ls) increased. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of severe water stress (T3) treatment was higher than other treatments. With the prolonging of soil water stress days, the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents had a gradual rise and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased firstly and then decreased. Conversely, the activity of peroxidase (POD) showed a decreasing trend firstly and then decreased before an increasing trend. With the aggravation of soil water stress, SOD, POD and CAT activity and MDA contents increased gradually. This study indicated that soil water stress made activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA contents of cucumber leaf increased, but weaken photosynthesis.

Key words: Antioxidant enzyme activities, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration rate, Stomatal limitation value

张曼义，杨再强，侯梦媛. 土壤水分胁迫对设施黄瓜叶片光合及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(01): 21-30.

ZHANG Man-yi, YANG Zai-qiang,HOU Meng-yuan. Effects of Soil Water Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Cucumber Leaves in Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(01): 21-30.

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