高温与空气湿度交互对花期番茄植株水分生理的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以番茄品种“金冠5号”为试材，在人工气候箱内进行正交试验，设计日最高气温（℃）/最低气温（℃）分别为32/22、35/25、38/28、41/31共4个温度处理水平，空气相对湿度分别为50%±5%、70%±5%、90%±5%，处理天数为3、6、9、12d，并以28/18、50%±5%为对照（CK），测定不同处理下番茄苗叶片生理指标的变化。结果表明：在32～41℃高温处理下，叶片气孔导度Gs、蒸腾速率Tr在日最高气温35℃时最高，分别为0.109μmol·m-2·s-1、0.21μmol·m-2·s-1；叶水势ψw、根系活力Rv、根冠比R/S、净光合速率Pn和水分利用效率WUE均随胁迫温度的升高而逐渐降低，日温41℃时较CK降低163.76%、66.63%、28.59%、73.90%和65.11%。高温条件下提高湿度至70%后，ψw、Gs、Pn、Tr和WUE分别较50%处理均有显著提高，且可以在28d内基本恢复至CK水平，在恢复期内根系恢复良好且保持较高WUE；但湿度提高至90%后，Gs和ψw有所上升，而Pn、Rv、R/S、WUE未能显著提高，且在恢复期内WUE较低。故在35℃及以上的高温环境中，提高空气湿度至70%可有效降低高温对番茄的危害，也有利于番茄灾后恢复。

关键词: 番茄, 高温高湿, 灾后恢复, 气孔导度, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Used tomato variety “Jinguan 5” as the test material, and orthogonal test was carried out in the artificial climate chamber to design the daily maximum temperature(℃)/lowest temperature(℃). For the 32/22℃, 35/25℃, 38/28℃, 41/31℃ levels, the relative humidity of the air is 3 levels: 50%±5%, 70%±5%, 90%±5%, and the treatment days is 3, 6, 9, 12 days, and set 28/18℃, 50%±5% as control (CK), the changes of physiological indices of tomato under different treatments were determined. The results showed that under the high temperature treatment of 32?41℃, the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) were the highest at 35℃, respectively, 0.109μmol·m-2·s-1, 0.21μmol·m-2·s-1; leaf water potential (ψw), root system vigorous (Rv), root-shoot ratio (R/S), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increasing stress temperature, and decreased by 163.76%, 66.63%, 28.59%, 73.90% and 65.11% at 41℃ compared with CK. After increasing the humidity to 70% under high temperature conditions, ψw, Gs, Pn, Tr and WUE were significantly improved compared with 50% treatment and can basically recover to CK level within 28 days, the root system also recovered better and maintained a higher WUE during the recovery period; but after increased the humidity to 90%, Gs and ψw increased, but Pn, Rv, R/S, WUE failed to increase significantly, and WUE was lower during the recovery period. Therefore, in the high temperature environment of 35℃ and above, increasing the humidity of the air to 70% can effectively reduce the damage of high temperature to tomato, and it was also conducive to tomato recovery. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of summer greenhouse tomato.

Key words: Tomato, High temperature and high humidity, Post-disaster recovery, Stomatal conductance, Water use efficiency

韦婷婷，杨再强，王明田，赵和丽，张旭然，李佳帅，孙擎，王琳. 高温与空气湿度交互对花期番茄植株水分生理的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(05): 317-326.

WEI Ting-ting, YANG Zai-qiang, WANG Ming-tian, ZHAO He-li, ZHAGN Xu-ran, LI Jia-shuai, SUN Qing, WANG Lin. Effects of High Temperature and Different Air Humidity on Water Physiology of Flowering Tomato Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(05): 317-326.

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