1961-2014年华北平原二十四节气热量资源的时空分布#br#
变化分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过推算历年二十四节气的划分时间，利用华北地区63个气象站点1961-2014年逐日地面观测资料，分析每个节气期间平均气温、最高/低气温、≥0℃积温的线性变化趋势；基于春分、秋分日计算分析研究区各站点无霜期的终/始日与春分/秋分日差值和无霜期≥0℃积温的时空分布变化特征。结果表明，华北平原气温（平均、最高、最低）最高为大、小暑节气，最低为小、大寒节气。无霜期由北向南递增，终霜日平均发生在春分节气，沿纬度方向由南向北推迟，初霜日平均发生在霜降节气，沿纬度方向由南向北提前。1961-2014年华北地区二十四节气内热量资源（气温、≥0℃积温）均呈现上升趋势，冬春季的节气升温幅度大于夏秋季。雨水节气平均气温、最高、最低气温增幅在二十四节气中最大，分别为0.63、0.74和0.53℃·10a-1。最低气温增幅大于平均气温和最高气温，对气候增暖的贡献较大。近54a来研究区无霜期内≥0℃积温平均增加442.8℃·d。气候变暖同时延长了华北地区的无霜期，研究区无霜期气候倾向率平均为3.9d·10a-1，该变化由初/终霜日的变化共同作用引起，且春季终霜日提前（气候倾向率为2.1d·10a-1）比秋季初霜日推迟（气候倾向率为1.9d·10a-1）更明显。

关键词: 华北地区, 二十四节气, 气温, 积温, 无霜期

Abstract: By calculating the dividing time of the twenty-four solar terms in each year, average values and climate trends for temperature (average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature) and accumulated temperature over 0℃ in each solar term were analyzed based on the observed data from 63 meteorological stations in North China Plain from 1961 to 2014. Spatial distribution of the deviation days between last / first frost date and Vernal Equinox/Autumnal Equinox date, as well as accumulated temperature over 0℃ in frost-free period and their changing rates, were also studied. Results showed that the Great Heat and Slight Heat solar terms exhibited the largest heat resources, on the contrast, the Great Cold and Slight Cold solar terms exhibited the smallest heat resources. The days of frost free period increased from north to south in the study area. The last frost date averagely occurred in the Vernal Equinox, postponed from south to north along the latitude direction, and the first frost date occurred in the Hoar-frost Falls on the average, advanced from south to north along the latitude direction. Each solar term in North China Plain in 1961-2014 showed a significant increasing trend for heat resources, and the highest warming rate occurred in the Rains solar term with average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature increasing trend values 0.63, 0.74 and 0.53℃·10y-1, respectively. The minimum temperature had greater contribution to climate warming than maximum temperature because of its higher increasing trend. Accumulated temperature over 0℃ in frost-free period in the study area increased by 442.8℃·d in recent 54 years. Climate warming has also prolonged frost free period in North China at increasing trend 3.9d·10y-1 due to the changes in both the first and last frost date, and the advanced last frost date in spring (climate tend rate 2.1d·10y-1) was more significant than the delayed first frost date in autumn (climate tend rate 1.9d·10y-1) .

Key words: North China, 24 solar terms in China, Temperature, Accumulated temperature, Frost free period

董蓓,胡琦,潘学标,何奇瑾,姜会飞,乔宇,王潇潇,魏培,赵海涵,.

1961-2014年华北平原二十四节气热量资源的时空分布#br# 变化分析

[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(03): 131-140.

DONG Bei, HU Qi,PAN Xue-biao, HE Qi-jin, JIANG Hui-fei, QIAO Yu, WANG Xiao-xiao,. Spatiotemporal Distribution and Variation of Heat Resources in the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in North China Plain over the Period 1961-2014[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(03): 131-140.

参考文献

[1]吉顺平.陇东时令节气农谚与农耕生产探微[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,10(9):956-959 Ji S P.Exploration on agricultural proverbs of seasonal solar terms and agricultural practices in Longdong[J].J.Shanxi Agric. Univ.(Social Science Edition),2011,10(9):956-959.(in Chinese) [2]钱诚,严中伟,符淙斌.1960-2008年中国二十四节气气候变化[J].科学通报,2011,56(35):3011-3020. Qian C,Yan Z W,Fu Z B.Climatic changes in the twenty-four solar terms during 1960-2008[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(35):3011-3020.(in Chinese) [3]Edenhofer O,Seyboth K.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)[J].Encyclopedia of Energy Natural Resource & Environmental Economics,2013,26(D14):48-56. [4]虞海燕,刘树华,赵娜,等.1951-2009年中国不同区域气温和降水量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(4):1-11. Yu H Y,Liu S H,Zhao N,et al.Characteristics of air temperature and precipitation in different regions of China from 1951 to 2009[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2011, 27(4): 1-11.(in Chinese) [5]杨建莹,陈志峰,严昌荣,等.近50年黄淮海平原气温变化趋势和突变特征[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(1):1-7. Yang J Y,Chen Z C R,Yan C R,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics and jump features of air temperature in Huang-Huai-Hai plain during recent 50 years[J].Chinese Journal of Arometeorology, 2013,34(1):1-7.(in Chinese) [6]谭方颖,王建林,宋迎波,等.华北平原近45年农业气候资源变化特征分析[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(1):19-24. Tan F Y,Wang J L,Song Y B,et al.Analysis of changing characteristics of agricultural climate resources over last 45 years in North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Arometeorology,2009,30(1):19-24.(in Chinese) [7]肖国举,张强,王静.全球气候变化对农业生态系统的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1877-1885． Xiao G J,Zhang Q,Wang J.Impact of global climate change on agro-ecosystem:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(8):1877-1885.(in Chinese) [8]沈姣姣,徐虹,李建科,等.近60年西安市24节气气温变化特征及突变分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(3):646-654. Shen J J,Xu H,Li J K,et al.Air temperature variation and mutation analysis of the twenty-four solar terms in Xi'an over 60 years[J].Resources Science,2013,35(3):646-654.(in Chinese) [9]盖力强,谢高地,李士美,等.华北平原小麦、玉米作物生产水足迹的研究[J].资源科学,2010,32(11):2066-2071. Gai L Q,Xie G D,Li S M,et al.A study on production water footprint of winter-wheat and maize in the North China Plain[J].Resources Science,2010,32(11):2066-2071.(in Chinese) [10]刘晓英,李玉中,郝卫平.华北主要作物需水量近50年变化趋势及原因[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(10):155-159. Liu X Y,Lin Y Z,Hao W P.Trend and causes of water requirement of main crops in North China in recent 50 years[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(10):155-159.(in Chinese) [11]叶殿秀,张勇.1961-2007年我国霜冻变化特征[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(6):661-665． Ye D X,Zhang Y.Characteristics of frost changes from 1961 to 2007 over China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2008,19(6):661-665.(in Chinese) [12]张霞,钱锦霞.气候变暖背景下太原市霜冻发生特征及其对农业的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(1):111-114． Zhang X,Qian J X.Frost characteristics and its effect on agriculture in Taiyuan under climate warming[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(1):111-114.(in Chinese) [13]Hu Q,Pan F,Pan X,et al.Spatial analysis of climate change in Inner Mongolia during 1961-2012,China[J].Applied Geography,2015,60:254-260. [14]冀翠华,王式功,尚可政.1961-2010年黄河中下游地区24节气气候变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2015,20(2): 220-228. Ji C H,Wang S G,Shang K Z.Climate changes of 24 solar terms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River during 1961-2010[J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 2015,20(2):220-228.(in Chinese) [15]唐红玉,翟盘茂,王振宇.1951-2002年中国平均最高、最低气温及日较差变化[J].气候与环境研究, 2005, 10(4): 728-735. Tang H Y,Zhai P M,Wang Z Y.On change in mean maximum temperature,minimum temperature and diurnal range in China during 1951-2002[J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 2005,10(4):728-735.(in Chinese) [16]任国玉,初子莹,周雅清,等.中国气温变化研究最新进展[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(4):701-716. Ren G Y,Chu Z Y,Zhou Y Q,et al.Recent progresses in studies of regional temperature changes in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2005,10(4):701-716.(in Chinese) [17]宁晓菊,张丽君,杨群涛,等.1951年以来中国无霜期的变化趋势[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1811-1822. Ning X J,Zhang L J,Yang Q T,et al.Trends in the frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(11):1811-1822.(in Chinese) [18]陈少勇,楼望萍,张俊红,等.中国西北地区1961-2009年无霜期的气候变化特征[J].地球科学前沿,2012,2(3):167-171. Chen S Y,Lou W P,Zhang J H,et al.Characteristics of the frost-free season changes from 1961 to 2009 in Northwest China[J].Advances in Geosciences,2012,2(3):167-171.(in Chinese) [19]胡琦,潘学标,张丹,等.东北地区不同时间尺度下气温和无霜期的变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(1):1-8. Hu Q,Pan X B,Zhang D,et al.Variation of temperature and frost-free period in different time scales in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Arometeorology, 2015,36(1): 1-8.(in Chinese)