昼夜温差对番茄果实品质动态变化的影响及模拟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究昼夜温差对番茄果实膨大-成熟期各阶段果实品质动态变化的影响，并构建昼夜温差对果实品质影响的模拟模型，以番茄品种“金冠5号”为试验材料，在人工气候箱对坐果后的番茄植株进行昼夜温差处理，设置25℃日平均温度下5个昼夜温差（DIF）水平，即-18℃（16℃/34℃，昼温/夜温）、-12℃（19℃/31℃）、0℃（25℃/25℃）、+12℃（31℃/19℃）、+18℃（34℃/16℃），测定各处理下番茄果实品质指标。结果表明：正昼夜温差可提高番茄果实营养成分含量和品质，而负昼夜温差使其降低。正昼夜温差使可溶性糖、糖酸比、可溶性蛋白、Vc含量增加，+12℃DIF处理下各营养品质含量高于+18℃DIF下，而负昼夜温差使其降低，且随负昼夜温差的增大而降低。有机酸含量在正昼夜温差下减少，而在负昼夜温差下增加。番茄红素含量在+12℃DIF下上升，而在+18℃DIF和负昼夜温差下降低。不同昼夜温差处理下，可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均与辐热积呈Logistic模型关系，通过拟合昼夜温差值与Logistic模型参数的数量关系，得到昼夜温差对可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白动态变化影响的模拟模型。有机酸、Vc含量均与辐热积呈二次多项式关系，通过拟合昼夜温差与二次多项式模型参数的数量关系，得到昼夜温差对有机酸、Vc动态变化影响的模拟模型。检验结果表明，模型模拟效果良好。

关键词: 昼夜温差, 番茄, 果实品质, 辐热积, 模拟

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of difference between day and night temperature (DIF) on fruit quality of tomato during fruit stage and establish stimulation model for influence of DIF on fruit quality, three experiments were conducted in Jinguan 5 plants after setting fruit in climate chambers. Five day/night temperature regimes 16℃/34℃, 19℃/31℃, 25℃/25℃, 31℃/19℃ and 34℃/16℃ with respective DIF of -18℃, -12℃, 0℃, +12℃ and +18℃ at a common 25℃ mean daily temperature were used. The fruit quality indices under all DIF treatments were determined. The results showed that fruit quality of tomato was promoted under positive DIF, while inhibited under negative DIF. The soluble sugar content, sugar to acid ratio, soluble protein content, vitamin C were increased under positive DIF, while decreased under negative DIF. They were larger under +12℃ DIF than that of +18℃ DIF. On the contrary, organic acid was decreased under positive DIF but increased under positive negative DIF. Lycopene content was increased under +12℃ DIF, but decreased under +18℃ DIF and negative DIF. Under different DIF, the relationship between fruit quality indexes such as soluble sugar, soluble protein, and thermal effectiveness and PAR (TEP) were in Logistic model. By fitting the numerical relationship between DIF and Logistic model parameters, the simulation models of the impact of DIF on soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein content of tomato fruit were established. The relationship between fruit quality indices such as organic acid and vitamin C and TEP were in quadratic polynomial model. By fitting the numerical relationship between DIF and quadratic polynomial model parameters, the simulation models of the impact of DIF on organic acid and vitamin C content of tomato fruit were established. The simulation effect of the models proved to be good by independent experiment data.

Key words: Day and night temperature difference, Tomato, Fruit quality, Thermal effectiveness and PAR, Simulation

袁小康，杨再强. 昼夜温差对番茄果实品质动态变化的影响及模拟[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(06): 353-360.

YUAN Xiao-kang, YANG Zai-qiang. Effect of Day and Night Temperature Difference on Fruit Quality of Tomato and its Simulation Models[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(06): 353-360.

参考文献

[1]Grimstad S O,Frimanslund E.Effect of different day and night temperature regimes on greenhouse cucumber young plant production,flower bud formation and early yield[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1993,53:191-204. [2]Mortensen L M.Effect of day/night temperature variations on growth,morphogenesis and flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana v.Poellin.at different CO2 concentrations, daylengths and photon flux densities[J].Scientia Horticulturare, 1994,59:233-241. [3]Miller W B,Hammer P A,Kirk T I.Reversed greenhouse temperatures alter carbohydrate status in Lilium longiflorum Thumb 'Nellie White'[J].J.Am.Soc.Hort.Sci.,1993,18:736-740. [4]Miao M,Zhang Z,Xu X,et al.Different mechanisms to obtain higher fruit growth rate in two cold-tolerant cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)lines under low night temperature[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009,119:357-361. [5]陈尚谟,黄寿波,温辐光,等.果树气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,1988:209-226. Chen S M,Huan S B,Wen F G,et al.Fruit meteorology[M]. Beijing:China Meteoroloy Press,1988:209-226.(in Chinese) [6]郑卫杰,郭子霞,王政,等.昼夜温差对文心兰试管苗生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(4):137-141. Zhen W J,Guo Z X,Wang Z,et al.Effects of day-night temperature difference on the growth of Oncidium plantlets in vitro[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(4): 137-141.(in Chinese) [7]尹明华.昼夜温差对江西铅山红芽芋试管苗生长发育和生理生化指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,(17):35-37. Yin M H.Effects of temperature difference between day and night on the growth,physiological and biochemical indexes of Colocasia esculental L.Schott var.cormosus CV.Hongyayu in Qianshan,Jiangxi[J].Northern Horticlurure,2013, (17):35-37. (in Chinese) [8]杨再强,王学林,彭晓丹,等.人工环境昼夜温差对番茄营养物质和干物质分配的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014, 30(5): 138-147. Yang Z Q,Wang X L,Peng X D,et al.Effect of difference between day and night temperature on nutrients and dry mass partitioning of tomato in climate chamber[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):138-147.(in Chinese) [9]Lepage I,Dejong J,Smeets L.Effect of day and night temperatures during short periods on growth and flowering chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat[J].Scientia Hortieulturae, 1984, 22:373-381. [10]Erwin J E,Heins R D,Karlsson M G.Thermomorphogenesis in Lilium longiforum Thunb[J].Amerrican Journal of Botany, 1989,76:47-52. [11]Li G J,Benoit F,Ceustermans N.Influence of day and night temperature on the growth,development and yield of greenhouse sweet pepper[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Agric.& Life Sci.),2004,30(5):487-491. [12]倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.温室番茄发育模拟模型研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(6):1219-1225. Ni J H,Luo W H,Li Y X,et al.Simulation of the development of tomato in greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(6):1219-1225.(in Chinese) [13]李永秀,罗卫红,倪纪恒,等.用辐热积法模拟温室黄瓜叶面积、光合速率与干物质产量[J].农业工程学报,2005, 21(12):131-136. Li Y X,Luo W H,Ni J H,et al.Simulation of leaf area,photosynthetic rate and dry matter production in green- house cucumber based on product of thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(12):131-136.(in Chinese) [14]袁昌梅,罗卫红,邰翔,等.温室网纹甜瓜干物质分配、产量形成与采收期模拟研究[J].中国农业科学,2006, 39(2): 353-360. Yuan C M,Luo W H,Tai X,et al.Simulation of dry matter partitioning,yield formation and fruit harvest date of greenhouse muskmelon[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006, 39 (2):353-360.(in Chinese) [15]杨再强,罗卫红,陈发棣,等.温室标准切花菊发育模拟与收获期预测模型研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2007, 40(6): 1229- 1235. Yang Z Q,Luo W H,Chen F D.A simulation model for predicting the development stage and harvesting date of standard cut Chrysanthemum in greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(6):1229-1235.(in Chinese) [16]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004: 142-143. Zhao S J,Shi G A,Dong X C.Experimental guide for plant physiology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004:142-143.(in Chinese) [17]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:66-71. Li H S.Theory and technology for plant physiology[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:66-71. (in Chinese) [18]Berghage R D,Lownds N K,Erwin J E,et al.Circadian temperature effects on nutrient content of poinsettia leaves[J]. Hortscience,1991,26(6):705-713. [19]Agrawal M,Krizek D T,Agrawal S B,et al.Influence of inverse day/night temperature on ozone sensitivity and selected morphological and physiological responses of cucumber[J]. J.Am.Soc.Hort.Sci.,1993,118:649-654. [20]Berghage R D,Flore J A,Heins R D,et al.The relationship between day and night temperature influences photosynthesis but not light compensation point or flower longevity of Easter lily,Lilium longiflorum Thunb[J].Acta Hortic,1990, 272:283-292. [21]邱文伟,张光伦,张嵩.柑橘等果实糖代谢及其生态调控研究进展[J].四川农业大学报,2005,23(1):114-119. Qiu W W,Zhang G L,Zhang S.Advances in research on sugar metabolism and its ecological control in citrus et al fruit[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2005, 23(1):114-119.(in Chinese) [22]蒋先明.蔬菜栽培生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1996. Jiang X M.Physiology for vegetable farming[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press,1996.(in Chinese)