冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2015/2016年、2016/2017年两个年度冬小麦返青后干旱持续控制试验，研究土壤水分持续减少对冬小麦叶片含水率、根系活力、气孔导度等的影响，以明确冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应特征。结果表明：冬小麦不同器官含水率随干旱持续呈非线性递减，拔节后递减更明显，其中叶鞘含水率平均降幅最大，达41.9%。叶片气体交换参数随干旱持续与对照的差异不断增大，其中净光合速率随干旱持续进一步减小，叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率在返青期不同程度升高，拔节后开始不断下降，干旱持续时间越长，影响光合作用的非气孔限制因素越明显。持续干旱改变了根系在深层土壤中的分布，60-80cm土层根系体积百分率明显高于对照，根系的生理机能提前衰减，拔节-孕穗期根系活力急剧下降，孕穗后根系活力比对照减少60%以上。整体来看，植株含水率、叶片气体交换参数、根系活力等指标对干旱持续的响应既各具特点又有共性，其中根系活力对土壤水分变化的敏感系数最高，器官含水率对土壤水分变化响应最迟缓。

关键词: 冬小麦, 干旱持续, 含水率, 根系活力, 敏感系数

Abstract: In order to clarify the response characteristics of winter wheat root and canopy index to drought sustainable development, two years of drought persist experiments in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 after returning green stage of winter wheat were conducted, and the influence of soil moisture persistently reduction on leaf water content, root activity, stomatal conductance, etc. were studied. The results indicated that, under the condition of soil moisture reduced continuously, the water content in different organs of winter wheat decreased nonlinearly, and the decreasing rate was much more obviously after jointing, among them, the leaf sheath water content decreased the most by 41.9% on average. With drought duration, the difference of leaf gas exchange parameters between treatments of drought persistent and control was increased, the net photosynthetic rate decreased further with continuous drought, the stomatal conductance as well as transpiration rate of leaves increased differently at returning green stage, and turned decline continuously after jointing. The longer the drought lasted, the more obvious that non-stomatal limiting factors affecting photosynthesis. The continuous drought changed root distribution in deep soil. Root volume percentage in 60?80cm soil layer in drought treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group. Meanwhile, the physiological function of the root system was senescent prematurely, especially during jointing and booting stage, the root activity dropped sharply, and after booting stage, the root activity reduced more than 60% comparing with the control group. On the whole, the indices such as plant water content, leaf gas exchange parameters and root activity had generality and individuality response to persistent drought, the sensitive coefficient of root activity to soil moisture variation was highest, and the response speed of plant water content to soil moisture was lowest.

Key words: Winter wheat, Drought persistent, Moisture content, Root activity, Sensitive coefficient

刘荣花，成林，胡程达. 冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(11): 702-711.

LIU Rong-hua, CHENG Lin, HU Cheng-da. Response of Root-Canopy Index of Winter Wheat on Persist Drought[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(11): 702-711.

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