起垄高度对日光温室土垄内嵌式基质栽培甜椒根区温热及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了优化土垄内嵌式基质栽培（SSC）的垄高参数，于2018年在冬季日光温室内进行甜椒栽培试验。试验设置土垄（SR）、标准垄（NR）、矮标准垄（NRs）和土壤沟嵌（SE）共4个处理，以探究栽培垄高度对根区温热特性、垄侧土壤缓冲能力以及甜椒生长和产量的影响。结果表明：白天高温时段，起垄高度越高则根区温度越高，相同垄高的NR处理比SR处理白天平均温度高1.07℃；夜间低温时段，NRs处理根区温度最高，比SR处理根区温度高1.77℃；12月27-31日连续5 d观测表明，各处理根区昼夜平均温度在17.03～18.55℃。起垄高度对甜椒的株高和茎粗有显著影响，起垄越高，甜椒植株生物量越高，NR处理的地上和地下干鲜重均为最优。但是，NRs处理的甜椒产量更高。与SR处理相比，NR和NRs处理甜椒产量分别提高43.0%和50.9%。综上所述，在相同水肥条件下，起垄高度对根区温度的改变在1.52℃范围内，NRs处理能够提高夜间根区温度；虽然高垄（NR）能够促进甜椒植株生物量，但适量降低垄高（NRs）更有利于甜椒产量的提高。因此，垄高10cm的SSC可通过提高根区夜间温度，从而提高SSC的生产性能，更适宜应用于日光温室甜椒生产。

关键词: 日光温室, 垄高, 根区温度, 土垄内嵌式基质栽培

Abstract: In order to optimize the ridge height of soil-ridged substrate-embedded cultivation (SSC), sweet pepper was cultivated by SSC in solar greenhouse. Four different cultivation treatments including soil ridge (SR), normal ridge (NR), short normal ridge (NRs), and soil embedded (SE) were designed, thus to study the effects of ridge height on temperature and thermal characteristic of root zone, buffer capacity of ridge soil, and yield of sweet pepper. The results showed that the higher the ridge height, the higher the temperature during the daytime. The daytime average temperature of NR was 1.07 ℃ higher than that of the SR treatment which had same ridge height. During the nighttime low temperature period, the NRs root zone temperature was the highest, which was 1.77 ℃ higher than SR treatment. The average root zone temperature of each treatment was 17.03-18.55℃ during 5 days from Dec. 27-31, 2018. The ridge height had significant effects on the plant height and stem diameter of sweet pepper. The higher the ridge height, the greater biomass of sweet pepper plants, the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of NR was greatest. While the yield of sweet pepper was highest under NRs. Compared with SR, NR and NRs increased sweet peppers yield by 43.0% and 50.9%, respectively. In a word, under the same water and fertilizer conditions, the ridge height increased the root zone temperature in the range of 1.52 ℃. NRs treatment could increase nighttime root zone temperature. Although relative higher ridge (NR) was conducive to increase the biomass of sweet pepper, the yield could be promoted by reducing ridge height appropriately. Therefore, the SSC with a ridge height of 10 cm could improve production performance of SSC by elevating root zone temperature in night, which is more suitable for sweet pepper production in solar greenhouse.

Key words: Chinese solar greenhouse, Ridge height, Root zone temperature, Soil-ridged substrate-embedded cultivation

李宝石，刘文科，李宗耕，张玉彬，查凌雁，周成波，邵明杰. 起垄高度对日光温室土垄内嵌式基质栽培甜椒根区温热及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(01): 16-23.

LI Bao-shi, LIU Wen-ke, LI Zong-geng, ZHANG Yu-bin, ZHA Ling-yan, ZHOU Cheng-bo, SHAO Ming-jie. Effects of Ridge Height on Root Zone Temperature and Yield of Soil-Ridged Substrate- Embedded Cultivation Sweet Pepper in Chinese Solar Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(01): 16-23.

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