关键词: 河南, 冬小麦, 气象服务效益, 高标准农田

Abstract:

High−standard farmland in Xinxiang, Henan province, was divided into a fully responsive area, a partially responsive area and a non−responsive area in October 2023. Within the partially responsive area, two treatments were randomly implemented: one without controlling fusarium head blight (FHB) and the other without controlling dry hot wind (DHW). This resulted in a total of five experimental treatments. During the trial, two issues of Henan agricultural meteorological disaster warning information (for DHW and FHB) and two important issues of Henan agricultural meteorological service weekly reports were released. The experimental site followed the trial design requirements for two irrigation treatments (at the green−up and jointing stages), FHB control (at the heading stage), and DHW control (at the grain filling stage). Combined with additional surveys and observations, the impact of different response treatments to agricultural meteorological service information on major growth factors and economic benefits of winter wheat was quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) promptly responding (within 1−14d) to early warning information on wheat scab and dry−hot wind disasters in winter wheat, and implementing relevant control measures, could effectively mitigate the damage. In some response areas, the percentage of diseased ears of winter wheat fell by 1.50 percentage points in fields where wheat scab control measures were in place. In some response areas, the thousand-grain weight of winter wheat in fields where dry-hot wind control measures were implemented increased by 1.42g, and the grain filling rate increased by 0.12g·d⁻¹. (2) Significant differences were observed in the main growth conditions of winter wheat under different response treatments during the heading and grain filling stages. At the head stage, the dry weight of the ears, stems and leaves in the fully responsive treatment was 2.73g, 6.57g and 2.74g respectively, which was overall better than in the non-responsive treatment. At the grain filling stage, the dry weights of ears and leaves, and the number of grains per ear were 21.34g, 2.15g, and 41.93 grains, respectively, showing a trend of fully responsive treatment>partially responsive treatment> non-responsive treatment. (3) Timely response to agricultural meteorological service information could significantly increase production and income. Compared with the partially responsive treatment, the fully responsive treatment increased the yield of winter wheat by 666.67kg per hectare and the revenue by 1690.00yuan. Compared to the non−responsive treatment, it increased the yield by 2310.81kg per hectare and increased the revenue by 4435.95yuan. The partially responsive treatment resulted in an increase in yield of 1644.14kg per hectare compared to the non−responsive treatment and an increase in revenue of 2745.95yuan. This study provides important scientific and technological support and production guidance for improving winter wheat yields by quantitatively evaluating the benefits generated by different responses to agricultural meteorological service information.

Key words: Henan, Winter wheat, Benefits of meteorological services, High?standard farmland