黔北地区酒用高粱生长季气候适宜度评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.07.009

中国农业气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1105-1116.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.07.009

黔北地区酒用高粱生长季气候适宜度评价

敖芹，左晋，田端，胡家敏，任青峰，古书鸿

1. 贵州省遵义市气象局，遵义 563000；2. 贵州省生态与农业气象中心，贵阳 550002；3. 贵州省仁怀市气象局，仁怀 564500

收稿日期:2025-05-23 出版日期:2026-07-22 发布日期:2026-07-21
作者简介:敖芹，E-mail：397696946@qq.com
基金资助:
贵州省气象局省市联合基金项目（黔气科合SS[2023]25号）；贵州茅台集团项目（MTGF2022046）；中国气象局创新发展专项项目（CXFZ2024J055）；遵义市科技创新团队建设项目（遵KCTD[2025]33号）

Climatic Suitability Evaluation of Liquor−making Sorghum in Northern Guizhou

AO Qin, ZUO Jin, TIAN Duan, HU Jia-min, REN Qing-feng, GU Shu-hong

1. Zunyi Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; 2. Guizhou Ecological and Agrometeorological Center, Guiyang 550002; 3. Renhuai Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province, Renhuai 564500

Received:2025-05-23 Online:2026-07-22 Published:2026-07-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1961−2024年黔北高粱主产区14个气象站的逐日气象数据，结合酒用高粱生长气象指标，构建黔北地区酒用高粱关键生育期温度、水分、日照时数及综合气候适宜度模型，揭示气候适宜度的时空演变特征，以期为黔北酒用高粱优化种植布局与气候资源利用提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）1961−2024年黔北地区酒用高粱全生长季温度适宜度呈显著上升趋势，全生长季和5个生育期温度适宜度属适宜等级。（2）黔北地区酒用高粱播种期、苗期和拔节孕穗期水分适宜度在0.80以上，变异系数小、稳定性高，均达到适宜等级。开花灌浆期和成熟期水分适宜度年际间波动较大，后期水分管理是稳产关键。（3）黔北地区酒用高粱全生长季及播种期、苗期、拔节孕穗期日照适宜度为较适宜等级；开花灌浆期和成熟期日照适宜度为适宜等级。拔节孕穗期和全生长季日照适宜度呈显著下降趋势，其他生育期日照适宜度下降趋势不明显。（4）黔北地区酒用高粱全生长季及5个生育期综合气候适宜度在0.71～0.89，为适宜等级，下降趋势不显著。（5）黔北地区93%的酒用高粱种植区为气候适宜区，主要分布在海拔1350m以下区域，气候适宜度＞0.76的高值区集中分布于海拔500～1250m的黔北西部、中南部、东部和中北部部分乡镇。综上，黔北地区整体属于酒用高粱适宜区，但存在阶段性水分胁迫，建议优化布局，加强生育后期水分管理，以提升气候资源利用效率与产业韧性。

关键词: 黔北地区, 酒用高粱, 气候适宜度, 时空演变

Abstract:

To objectively evaluate the impact of climate change on the climatic suitability of liquor−making sorghum in northern Guizhou and provide a scientific basis for optimizing planting layouts, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of climate suitability based on daily meteorological data from 14 stations in the main sorghum−producing areas from 1961 to 2024. By combining the sorghum growth indices, suitability models were constructed for temperature, moisture, sunshine and comprehensive climate suitability. The results showed that: (1) the temperature suitability for the growth stage exhibited a significant upward trend, and both the growth stage and the five individual growth stages were classified as suitable from 1961 to 2024. (2) Moisture suitability during the sowing, seedling and jointing−booting stages exceeded 0.80 with high stability. However, the flowering−grain filling and maturity stages exhibited significant interannual fluctuations, identifying late stage water management as key to stable yields. (3) Sunshine suitability was moderately suitable for the growth stage and early stages, but suitable for the flowering−grain filling and maturity stages. A significant downward trend in sunshine suitability was observed during the jointing−booting stage and throughout the growth stage. (4) The comprehensive climate suitability ranged from 0.71 to 0.89 (suitable level) with no significant downward trend. (5) Approximately 93% of the region was suitable for liquor−making sorghum, primarily below 1350m. High−suitability zones (>0.76) were concentrated between 500m and 1250m in the western, central−southern, eastern and some townships of the central−northern Guizhou. In summary, northern Guizhou is generally suitable for liquor−making sorghum, despite the presence of phasic water stress. Optimizing the planting layout and enhangcing water management during the late growth stage are recommended to enhance climate resource utilization and industrial resilience.

Key words: Northern Guizhou, Liquor?making sorghum, Climatic suitability, Spatiotemporal evolution

敖芹, 左晋, 田端, 胡家敏, 任青峰, 古书鸿. 黔北地区酒用高粱生长季气候适宜度评价[J]. 中国农业气象, 2026, 47(7): 1105-1116.

AO Qin, ZUO Jin, TIAN Duan, HU Jia-min, REN Qing-feng, GU Shu-hong. Climatic Suitability Evaluation of Liquor−making Sorghum in Northern Guizhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2026, 47(7): 1105-1116.

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黔北地区酒用高粱生长季气候适宜度评价

Climatic Suitability Evaluation of Liquor−making Sorghum in Northern Guizhou

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