关键词: 黄土, 水力侵蚀, 侵蚀机制, 侵蚀模型

Abstract: The Loess region is characterized by complex topography,significant spatiotemporal variations in precipitation and unfavorable soil properties such as large pores,water sensitivity and easy disintegration of loess, which collectively lead to severe hydraulic erosion.To clarify the current research status of research on the mechanisms and predictive models of loess hydraulic erosion can provide direction for in−depth studies in soil and water conservation,geological hazard prevention,ecological restoration and sustainable development in the region. By reviewing relevant domestic and international literature,the study was to compare the differences of various influencing factors on the mechanism of loess erosion,compare the applicability of different models in simulating hydraulic erosion processes in the loess region,and systematically summarize research progress and existing issues regarding loess hydraulic erosion mechanisms and predictive models.The results showed that:(1)loess hydraulic erosion could be categorized into raindrop splash,sheet erosion and rill erosion,with each type influenced by multiple factors,including precipitation,topography,vegetation,loess properties and human activities.(2) Loess hydraulic erosion was primarily driven by precipitation and runoff,based on the fundamental principle of soil−water interactions. However, the hydraulic mechanisms underlying loess erosion remained unclear, hindering the development of accurate prediction models.(3)Prediction models for loess hydraulic erosion were mainly divided into empirical model and physically−based model.Nevertheless,due to limitations in simulation accuracy,process representation and mechanistic understanding,these models fell short of meeting the needs for hydraulic erosion control.Future efforts should focus on enhancing hydraulic erosion monitoring and data accumulation,deepening research on the dynamic mechanisms of loess hydraulic erosion,and providing a theoretical foundation for ecological conservation and erosion mitigation in loess regions.

Key words: Loess, Hydraulic erosion, Erosion mechanism, Erosion model