中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1628-1638.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.11.009

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

坐果−成熟期水分调控对酿酒葡萄叶绿素荧光及光合特性的影响

赵兔祥,王静,姜琳琳,李娜,杨洋,李福生,张晓煜   

  1. 1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室/宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川 750002;2.银川市气象局,银川 750002;3.宁夏气象科学研究所,银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 作者简介:赵兔祥,E-mail:309685214@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42165013);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03466;2025AAC020050);中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室指令性项目(CAMP-202105;CAMP-202412)

Effect of Water Regulation on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wine Grapes during Fruit Setting-maturation Stage

ZHAO Tu-xiang, WANG Jing, JIANG Lin-lin, LI Na, YANG Yang, LI Fu-sheng, ZHANG Xiao-yu   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA/Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and reduction, Yinchuan 750002,China; 2. Yinchuan Meteorological Bureau,Yinchuan 750002; 3. Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute,Yinchuan 750002
  • Received:2025-01-06 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-18

摘要:

探究坐果−成熟期不同水分调控对酿酒葡萄光合特性、叶绿素荧光以及理论产量的影响,旨在为贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄灌溉制度和栽培管理提供理论依据。以8a赤霞珠葡萄为试材,于葡萄坐果成熟期设置5个不同的灌溉处理:CK(当地常规灌溉)、T1(常规灌溉量的50%)、T2(常规灌溉量的67%)、T3(常规灌溉量的83%)和充分灌溉(T4),分析不同灌溉处理对葡萄光合特征参数、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量等生理指标以及产量的影响。结果表明:1CK处理相比,水分调亏灌溉和充分灌溉显著降低了酿酒葡萄叶片最大净光合速率(Pmax)、表观量子效率(AQE),主要原因是光合作用受到气孔因素限制。(2T1处理使得叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量均显著下降,其他处理整体差异不显著,不同处理间叶绿素荧光参数差异也不显著,表明T1处理同时受气孔因素和非气孔因素影响,其他处理净光合速率(Pn)的差异与非气孔因素关系不大。(3)常规灌溉处理(CK)的酿酒葡萄理论产量最大,T3T2T1分别较CK处理减产15.4%19.4%33.0%。充分灌溉或调亏灌溉,会降低酿酒葡萄Pn,从而引起酿酒葡萄产量下降,CK处理为基于产量考量的最佳灌溉制度。

关键词: 贺兰山东麓, 酿酒葡萄, 灌溉制度, 光合, 叶绿素荧光, 产量

Abstract:

The effects of different water regulation on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and theoretical yield of wine grapes were explored, in order to provide theoretical basis for the irrigation regime and cultivation management of wine grapes in the east foot of Helan mountain. Taking 8y old 'Cabernet sauvignon' grape trees as the test material, five different irrigation treatments were set from fruit setting to maturity stage: CK (local conventional irrigation volume), T1 (50% of the conventional irrigation volume), T2 (67% of the conventional irrigation volume), T3 (83% of the conventional irrigation volume) and full irrigation (T4), the effects of different irrigation treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and yield of grapes were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) compared with the CK treatment, deficit irrigation and full irrigation significantly reduced the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of wine grapes, the main reason was that photosynthesis restricted by stomatal factor. (2) Treatment of T1 resulted in significant decreases in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll, the differences of other treatments were not significant, and the differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters among different treatments were also not significant. This indicated that the T1 treatment was affected by both stomatal factors and non−stomatal factors, the differences of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) among other treatments were not closely related to non−stomatal factors. (3) The theoretical yield of the wine grapes under the conventional irrigation (CK) treatment was the highest, the yields of T3, T2 and T1 were reduced by 15.4%, 19.4% and 33.0% respectively compared with CK treatment. Both full irrigation and deficit irrigation would reduce the Pn of wine grapes, and thereby decreasing the yield of wine grapes. CK treatment was the optimal irrigation regime based on yield consideration.

Key words: Eastern foot of Helan mountain, Wine grape, Irrigation regime, Photosynthetic, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Yield