低温对不同耐冷性水稻品种秧苗生理特性及根尖解剖结构的
影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以秧苗期耐冷性不同的2个水稻品种湘早籼45和三七十萝为材料，利用光照培养箱分别设适温（25℃，CK）和低温（10℃）两个处理，研究低温下水稻秧苗生理特性及根尖解剖结构的变化，以探明低温对水稻秧苗的影响机理。结果表明，与对照相比，低温下幼苗总根数、最长根长、根鲜重、根干重、根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根系活力下降，且随着处理时间的延长降低幅度增大，冷敏感品种湘早籼45幼苗的降幅大于耐冷品种三七十萝；低温下根系SOD活性、POD活性表现为先增加后降低的趋势，根系相对电导率、MDA含量增加，耐冷品种三七十萝根系SOD活性、POD活性、相对电导率、MDA含量变幅小于冷敏感品种湘早籼45；低温下根系分泌物游离氨基酸含量和可溶性糖含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势，耐冷性品种三七十萝变幅高于冷敏感品种湘早籼45；低温下冷敏感品种湘早籼45根尖薄壁细胞形状不规则，排列疏松，细胞间隙大，维管束结构不清晰，木质部排列紊乱，而耐冷品种三七十萝低温下根尖薄壁细胞形状较规则，细胞排列较紧密，细胞间隙小，维管束结构较清晰，木质部和韧皮部清晰可见。研究结果说明水稻幼苗受低温激发通过诱导不同生理和形态变化以应对低温的影响。

关键词: 水稻, 低温, 秧苗, 生理特性, 根尖解剖结构

Abstract: In order to explore the influence mechanism of low temperature on rice seedlings, a hydroponics experiment was conducted using 2 rice varieties with different cold tolerance at seedling stage including the cold-tolerant cultivar Sanqishiluo and cold sensitive cultivar Xiangzaoxian45, cultivated in light incubator under two different temperature treatments, the two temperature treatments were optimal temperature treatment (25℃,taken as control，CK) and low temperature treatment(10℃), respectively. The effects of low temperature on the physiological characteristics of rice seedlings and anatomical structure of root apex were studied. The results showed that compared with the control, total root number, longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root total absorption area, root active absorption area,and root activity decreased under low temperature treatment, and the decrease extent was increased with the increase of treatment time, the reduced range of cold-sensitive cultivar Xiangzaoxian45 was greater than that of cold-tolerant cultivar Sanqishiluo. The activity of SOD and POD increased first and then decreased, and relative conductivity and MDA content increased. The change range of SOD activity, POD activity, relative conductivity and MDA content in cold-tolerant cultivar Sanqishiluo was less than that of cold sensitive cultivar Xiangzaoxian45. The contents of free amino acids and soluble sugar in root increased first and then decreased under low temperature, the change range of cold-tolerant cultivar Sanqishiluo was higher than that of cold sensitive cultivar Xiangzaoxian45. Under low temperature, epidern cell of root tip wall in cold-sensitive cultivar Xiangzaoxian45 arranged irregularly and untightly, vascular bundle of connective tissue was seriously destroyed, and vascular bundle sheath cell arranged irregularly, xylem and phloem were unclear. While epidern cell of root tip wall in vascular bundle of connective tissue in cold-tolerant cultivar Sanqishiluo arranged regularly and tightly, vascular bundle sheath cell and parenchyma cells arranged regularly, xylem and phloem were clear. Results showed that the different physiological and morphological changes were inspired and induced by low temperature, and by applying physiological and morphologica changes to reply synthetically the influence of low temperature on rice seedlings.

Key words: Rice, Low temperature, Seedling, Physiological characteristics, Anatomical structure of root tip

吴立群，蔡志欢，张桂莲，刘逸童，赵瑞. 低温对不同耐冷性水稻品种秧苗生理特性及根尖解剖结构的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(12): 805-813.

WU Li-qun, CAI Zhi-huan, ZHANG Gui-lian, LIU Yi-tong, ZHAO Rui. Effects of Low Temperature on Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings with Different Cold Tolerance and Anatomical Structure of Root Tip[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(12): 805-813.

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