中国农业气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 905-917.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2021.11.002

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

深松覆盖模式对宁南地区雨养马铃薯水分利用效率的影响

韩固,苗芳芳,王楠,侯贤清   

  1. 宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-27 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 侯贤清,副教授,主要从事保护性耕作技术研究,E-mail: houxianqing1981@126.com E-mail:houxianqing1981@126.com
  • 作者简介:韩固,E-mail:hg1765883646@163.com;苗芳芳,E-mail: 18795298737@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31860362;31760370);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03058;2020AAC03098)

Effects of Subsoiling with Mulching Pattern on Water Use Efficiency of Potato in Rainfed Region of Southern Ningxia

HAN Gu, MIAO Fang-fang, WANG Nan, HOU Xian-qing   

  1. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • Received:2021-03-27 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-11-15

摘要: 针对宁南旱区年际降水变率大、马铃薯产量和降水利用率低等问题,连续3a秋作物收获后分别采用深松覆盖秸秆、深松覆盖地膜、深松不覆盖3种深松覆盖模式,以传统翻耕不覆盖为对照,研究不同深松覆盖模式对休闲期和生育期土壤水分、马铃薯干物质累积、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深松覆盖模式可改善休闲期土壤水分状况,以深松覆秸秆处理效果最佳,0−200cm层平均土壤含水量较对照显著增加6.41%。与对照相比,深松覆秸秆和深松覆地膜处理下休闲期0−200cm层平均土壤蓄水量和降水补给率分别显著提高49.85%、121.85%和46.82%、83.73%。深松覆盖模式可改善马铃薯生育期0−200cm层土壤含水量,调控不同生育阶段耗水量。深松覆秸秆处理对生育前期(播种后0~60d)60−100cm层土壤保水效果显著,而对照处理该阶段耗水量最高,深松覆地膜处理次之,而深松覆秸秆处理最低;深松覆秸秆处理对生育中期(播种后60~120d)0−60cm(2016年)和140−200cm(2015年)层土壤保水效果较好,而深松覆地膜处理生育中期耗水量最高,深松覆秸秆处理次之,对照处理最低;深松覆秸秆处理对生育后期(播种后120~150d)0−40cm层土壤蓄水效果最佳,其阶段耗水量也最高,深松覆地膜处理次之,对照处理最低。深松覆盖模式下马铃薯地上部和地下部干物质累积量均显著高于对照,生育前期以深松覆地膜处理效果较好,而生育中后期以深松覆秸秆处理具有显著促进作用。深松覆盖模式能显著提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,以深松覆秸秆处理最高,平均分别较对照显著提高49.33%、43.80%。可见,休闲期深松覆盖可改善休闲期土壤水分状况,有利于提高生育期土壤水分含量,调控马铃薯阶段耗水量,从而增加马铃薯干物质累积,实现作物的高产和水分高效利用,以深松覆盖秸秆处理效果最佳。

关键词: 深松覆盖, 土壤水分, 干物质累积, 马铃薯产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large interannual precipitation variability, low yield and precipitation utilization rate of potato in the arid area of Southern Ningxia, a field fixed position experiment was conducted to study the effect of subsoiling with mulching pattern on soil water during the fallow period and growth stage, potato dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency of potato in rainfed region of southern Ningxia between 2014 and 2016. Three subsoiling tillage with mulching modes were adopted after autumn crops were harvested for three consecutive years, namely, subsoiling with straw mulching, subsoiling with plastic film mulching, subsoiling with no mulching. The conventional tillage with no mulching was used as the control. The results showed that subsoiling combined with different mulching patterns could improve the soil water status in fallow period, and the effect of subsoiling with straw mulching was the best. The average soil water content in 0−200cm layer was significantly increased by 6.41% compared with the control. Compared with the control, the average soil water storage and rainfall recharge rate of 0−200cm layer in fallow period were significantly increased by 49.85%, 121.85% and 46.82%, 83.73%, respectively. Subsoiling combined with different mulching patterns could improve the soil water content of 0−200cm layer during the potato growth period, and regulate the water consumption at different growth periods. Subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had significant effect on soil water conservation in 60−100cm layer at early growth stage (0−60 days), while the control treatment had the highest water consumption, followed by the subsoiling with plastic film mulching treatment, and subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had the lowest water consumption. Subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had better water retention effect on 0−60cm (2016) and 140−200cm (2015) soil layers in the middle growth period (60−120 days), while subsoiling with plastic film mulching had the highest water consumption, followed by the subsoiling with straw mulching treatment, and the control treatment had the lowest water consumption. Subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had the best soil water storage effect on 0−40cm layer at the later growth stage (120−150 days), and the water consumption was the highest at this stage, followed by the subsoiling with straw mulching treatment, and the control treatment was the lowest. The aboveground and underground dry matter accumulation of potato under subsoiling combined with different mulching patterns was significantly higher than that of the control. The effect of subsoiling with plastic film mulching treatment was better in the early growth stage, while the effect of subsoiling with straw mulching treatment in the middle and late growth stage was significant. Subsoiling with mulching patterns could significantly improve potato yield and water use efficiency, and the treatment of subsoiling with straw mulching was the highest, which was 49.33% and 43.80% higher than that of the control, respectively. Therefore, subsoiling with mulching pattern could improve the soil water status during the fallow period, it was beneficial to increase the soil water content and regulate the water consumption during the potato growth periods, and so as to increase the dry matter accumulation of potato and realize the high yield and water use efficiency of potato, particularly the effect of subsoiling with straw mulching treatment was the best.

Key words: Subsoiling with mulching, Soil water, Dy matter accumulation, Potato yield, Water use efficiency