Abstract:

Based on meteorological data from 697 national meteorological stations, 1026 soil moisture stations and 161 agrometeorological stations across seven northern provinces, this study analyzed the precipitation days, rainfall amounts and soil overwetting variations during 2025 and 2021 in northern China, and evaluated the intensity of persistent rainfall in each province and its impacts on autumn harvest and sowing. In addition, the atmospheric circulation responsible for the regional autumn rainfall processes was examined. This comprehensive survey enhanced the understanding of the climatic characteristics and mechanisms of autumn rainfall, providing valuable references for forecasting such events, supporting decision−making by agricultural management departments, guiding farmers in production practices, optimizing crop distribution, selecting winter wheat varieties and implementing disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. The results showed that the continuous rainy weather during the autumn harvest in 2025 had a more severe impact on Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, while in 2021, it was more severe in Hebei and Shanxi. The circulation patterns of the 100hPa geopotential height field in the northern Hemisphere before and after the two typical continuous rainy weather events during the autumn harvest were extremely similar. Polar vortex were stably maintained in the northern part of the Eurasian continent and continuously split short waves moved eastward and northward. This can be used as a basis for forecasting continuous rainy weather disasters in the future. In response to the impact of continuous rainy weather in autumn, the quality of corn straw crushing after harvest should be strictly controlled, and the straw returning methods should be optimized. For late sowing of winter wheat, the principle of "sowing date should depend on soil moisture" should be adhered to, and the "Four Supplements and One Promotion" technology should be adopted, and appropriate measures should be also taken for late sowing wheat.

Key words: Continuous rainy in autumn, Agrometeorological disaster, Atmospheric circulation pattern, Returning straw to the field, Field management measures