Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Respiration of Oasis Farmland in Arid Areas

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.09.003

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, authors investigated the influence of biochar addition with four different particle sizes of cotton stalks biochar and vine biochar (＞5，1-5，0.25-1 and ＜0.25mm) on the changes of soil CO2 emission using the soil column incubation method in a grey desert soil. The results showed that: (1) addition with biochar soil respiration rate increased first and then decreased during the incubation period (0-85d), and the increase of soil respiration in the former 10d was higher than that in the late stage. The soil respiration rate (1.27μmol·m-2·s-1) under the biochar addition was higher than that of the not biochar addition control treatments (1.01μmol·m-2·s-1), and the soil respiration rate under cotton stalk biochar (1.43μmol·m-2·s-1) was higher than that of the grapevine biochar addition treatments (1.08μmol·m-2·s-1). The accumulation of soil CO2 emission accorded with the first-order reaction kinetics equation during the incubation period. Biochar addition changed the potential emissions, the turnover rate and half-life time of soil CO2. (2) The equations of linear regression between the two biochar treatments and the cumulative emission of CO2 were y=7.51x+88.53 and y=2.68x+75.85 (x was biochar particle diameter) for cotton stalks biochar and vine biochar, respectively. (3) Soil respiration rates under biochar addition were significantly correlated with air temperature and soil temperature. The correlation between soil respiration rate and temperature under cotton stalks biochar was higher than that of the grape vine biochar. The temperature sensitivity coefficient of CO2 emissions increased with the decrease in grain size. Considering the soil respiration rate and temperature sensitivity coefficient, we suggested that medium size biochar (1-5mm) should be applied in oasis farmland.

Key words: Xinjiang, Gray desert soil, Soil respiration, Cotton stalks biochar, Vine biochar

YAN Cui-xia, YANG Guo-liang, LI Dian-peng, SUN Yue-bing, HAN Dong-liang, XU Xiao-long, . Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Respiration of Oasis Farmland in Arid Areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(09): 575-584.

References

[1] Davidson E A,Trumbore S E,Amundson R.Biogeochemistry:soil warming and organic carbon content[J].Nature,2000,408 (6814):789-790. [2] Lal R.Carbon sequestration[J].Philosophical Transactions Biological Sciences,2008,363(1492):815-830. [3] Kayranli B,Scholz M,Mustafa A,et al.Carbon storage and fluxes within freshwater wetlands:a critical review[J].Wetlands, 2010,30(1):111-124. [4] Tubiello F N,Salvatore M,Ferrara A F,et al.The contribution of agriculture,forestry and other land use activities to global warming,1990-2012:not as high as in the past[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(7):2655-2660. [5] 张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):966-975. Zhang Y M,Hu C S,Zhang J B,et al.Research advances on source/sink intensities and greenhouse effects of CO2,CH4 and N2O in agricultural soils[J].Chinese Journal of Eco- Agriculture,2011,19(4):966-975.(in Chinese) [6] Khodadad C L M,Zimmerman A R,Green S J,et al.Taxa-specific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon amendments[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:385-392. [7] Liu X,Zheng J,Zhang D,et al.Biochar has no effect on soil respiration across Chinese agricultural soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,(554-555):259-265. [8] Kuzyakov Y,Subbotina I,Chen H,et al.Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by C-14 labeling[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41:210-219. [9] Lehmann J,Abiven S,Kleber M,et al.Persistence of biochar in soil[M].Abingdon (UK): Routledge,2015. [10] Lehmann J,Gaunt J,Rondon M.Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review[J].Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11:395-419. [11] Luo Y,Durenkamp M,De Nobili M,et al.Short-term soil priming effects and the mineralization of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:2304-2314. [12] Zimmerman A R,Gao B,Ahn M Y.Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011,43:1169-1179. [13] Bruun S,Clauson-Kaas S,Bobulska L,et al.Carbon dioxide emissions from biochar in soil:role of clay,microorganisms and carbonates[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014, 65:52-59. [14] Sagrilo E,Jeffery S,Hoffland E,et al.Emission of CO2 from biocharamended soils and implications for soil organic carbon[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,2014,7:1294- 1304. [15] Al-Wabel M I,Al-Omran A,Ei-Naggar A H,et al.Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from conocarpus wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,131:374-379. [16] Paz-Ferreiro J,Gasco G,Gutierrez B,et al.Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48:511-517. [17] 许健,牛文全,张明智,等.生物炭对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3505-3513. Xu J,Niu W Q,Zhang Z M,et al.Effect of biochar addition on soil evaporation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016, 27(11):3505-3513.(in Chinese) [18] 解倩,王丽梅,齐瑞鹏,等.生物炭对黄绵土水分入渗和持水性能的影响[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(1):65-76. Xie Q,Wang L M,Qi R P,et al.Effects of biochar on water inifltration and water holding capacity of loessial soil[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2016,7(1):65-76.(in Chinese) [19] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. Bao S D.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M].Beijing: China Agricultural Press,2005.(in Chinese) [20] 杨庆朋,徐明,刘洪升,等.土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响因素和不确定性[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2301-2311. Yang Q P,Xu M,Liu H S,et al.Impact factors and uncer tainties of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(8):2301-2311. (in Chinese) [21] 王月玲,周凤,张帆,等.施用生物炭对土壤呼吸以及土壤有机碳组分的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(6):920-928. Wang Y L,Zhou F,Zhang F,et al.Influence of biochar on soil respiration and soil organic carbon fractions[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(6):920-928.(in Chinese) [22] 范靖尉,白晋华,任寰宇,等.减氮和施生物炭对华北夏玉米-冬小麦田土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):121-130. Fan J W,Bai J H,Ren H Y,et al.Effects of reducing nitrogen and biochar application on CO2 and N2O emissions from summer maize-winter wheat field in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(2):121-130.(in Chinese) [23] 张星,刘杏认,林国林,等.生物炭和秸秆对华北农田表层土壤矿质氮和pH值的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2): 131-142. Zhang X,Liu X R,Lin G L,et al.Effects of biochar and straw return on mineral nitrogen and pH of the surface soil in farmland of the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(2):131-142.(in Chinese) [24] Hartmann M,Niklaus P A,Zimmermann S,et al.Resistance and resilience of the forest soil microbiome to logging-associated compaction[J].ISME Journal,2014,8(1): 226-244. [25] 郭振,王小利,段建军,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):225-235. Guo Z,Wang X L,Duan J J,et al.Long-term fertilization and mineralization of soil organic carbon in paddy soil from yellow earth[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(1):225-235. (in Chinese) [26] Luo Y,Zhou X.Soil respiration and the environment[M]. London:Elsevier,2006:92-102. [27] Chen B,Liu S,Ge J,et al.Annual and seasonal variations of Q10,soil respiration in the sub-alpine forests of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2010,42(10):1735-1742. [28] Nobili M D,Contin M,Mondini C,et al.Soil microbial biomass is triggered into activity by trace amounts of substrate[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1163- 1170. [29] Peng S S,Piao S L,Tao W,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2009,41(5):1008-1014. [30] Fidel R B,Laird D A,Parkin T B.Impact of biochar organic and inorganic carbon on soil CO2 and N2O emissions[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2017,46(3):505-513. [31] 陈颖,刘玉学,陈重军,等.生物炭对土壤有机碳矿化的激发效应及其机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(1):314- 320. Chen Y,Liu Y X,Chen C J,et al.Priming effect of biochar on the mineralization of native soil organic carbon and the mechanisms:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(1):314-320.(in Chinese) [32] Sun J,Drosos M,Mazzei P,et al.The molecular properties of biochar carbon released in dilute acidic solution and its effects on maize seed germination[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,576:858-867. [33] 葛晓改,周本智,肖文发,等.生物质炭输入对土壤碳排放的激发效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(2):339-345. Ge X G,Zhou B Z,Xiao W F,et al.Priming effect of biochar addition on soil carbon emission:a review[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,2016,25(2):339-345.(in Chinese)