Abstract: Field experiments were set up in four provinces including the winter wheat planting area of southern Huang-Huai in 2020 and 2021. Zhoumai 18, Zhoumai 36 and Aiminlanmai 1 were selected to reveal the effects of different meteorological factors on the yield and quality of three varieties. The results showed that the effects of different wheat variety characteristics and ecological environment on grain length, width, yield and quality reached a significant level in wheat. The effects of environmental conditions on grain length, plant height and yield were greater than those of variety genotypes, while the effects of variety genotypes on grain width, yield three elements, grain starch, protein and cellulose content were greater than those of environmental conditions. Analysis of meteorological factors from different experimental sites suggested that the performance of length and width of grain and weight 1000 grains were consistent. It showed that these two traits were positively regulated during heading to middle date of grain filling, and the negative regulation of temperature was found from jointing date to maturity date. Plant height was positively regulated by factors of moisture and temperature at jointing date. The yield and number of grains were positively regulated by moisture and temperature at heading date, and moisture at middle date of grain filling. The number of effective panicles was mainly positively regulated by the sunshine hours from jointing to heading date. Starch content of grain was positively regulated by temperature and moisture after jointing date, and negatively regulated by sunshine hours in the late flowering date. However, protein content of grain was negatively regulated by temperature and moisture after jointing date, and positively regulated by sunshine hours in the late flowering date. Cellulose was positively regulated by moisture from heading to mid date of grain filling. In conclusion, the characteristics of different wheat varieties and the ecological environment of the test site had significant effects on grain length, width, yield and quality in wheat. Great effects on wheat grain phenotype, yield and quality traits were observed in the analysis of average temperature, total water supply and total sunshine hours after jointing date.

Key words: Meteorological factors, Wheat varieties, Yield, Quality, Correlation analysis