Blueberry is a dominant industry in the development of Liaoning’s agricultural economy. The climatic environment restricts the geographical distribution of blueberry cultivation. There is an urgent need to clarify the key climatic factors affecting the suitability of blueberry cultivation, as well as the spatial and temporal variability characteristics of the suitable areas for blueberry cultivation, so as to clarify the future development pattern of the blueberry industry in Liaoning province. According to the natural climatic characteristics and biological characteristics of blueberry planting areas, based on the three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs126, SSPs245 and SSPs370) proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the sixth assessment report. The maximum entropy method (MaxEnt) and five dominant climatic factors affecting blueberry planting were used to simulate and evaluate the current (2001−2020) and future (2021−2040, 2041−2060 and 2061−2080) blueberry potential planting suitability distribution areas in different periods, and divided into unsuitable areas, low suitable areas, medium suitable areas and high suitable region. The trends of the blueberry suitability region and its response to climate change were compared for each SSP. The results showed that in the current period, the total suitable area of blueberry in Liaoning was 13164km2 , and the high suitable area was 4057km2 , which was mainly located in the central and southern parts of Dandong, northeastern part of Dalian and southeastern part of Anshan. In the context of future climate, the key bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of potentially suitable blueberry areas were the standard deviation of temperature seasonal variability, the maximum temperature in the warmest month, the mean temperature in the driest quarter, the annual precipitation and the precipitation in the driest quarter. In the context of the future climate of SSPs126, SSPs245 and SSPs370, the suitable area for blueberry cultivation in Liaoning had