Table of Content

10 April 2001, Volume 22 Issue 02

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Effects of Shading Levels on Biomass of Banana Seedlings in Winter and Spring

XIE Ping, ZUO Qing fan (Agricultural College of Zhanjiang Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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With four shading levels in winter or spring, banana seedlings obtained by tissue culture were planted in the big shed. The four light treatments were respectively 100%(S100), 33%(S33), 10%(S10) and 3%(S3). Results showed that the effects of banana seedlings at different light intensities were significantly different in fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, total fresh weight, dry stem weight, dry leaf weight, dry root weight and total dry weight. The response of different biomass characters to light intensity was different. Shading in winter or spring was all not propitious to the substance production of banana seedling, and the more the shading was, the more the influence was. The proportion of photosynthate distributed to organs was also changed with light intensity. Moreover, the substance accumulated in aboveground organs in spring was more than that in winter, and the substance accumulated in root in winter was more than that in spring.

Analysis on the Effects of Spray Irrigation in Early Spring on Dry Wheat Field

GUO Wen li 1, ZHENG Da wei 2, QIN Zhi sheng 2 (1.Beijing Climate Center, Beijing 100081; 2.China Agricultural University)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Based on the analysis of the result of experiments carried out in 1994~1995 and 1996~1997, it is confirmed that winter drought of wheat is a kind of physiological drought, because moisture in frozen soil is difficult to be absorbed by roots and tissues of seedlings may be dehydrated or even killed by dry surface soil. It is suggested that the depth of dry surface soil is a reasonable index of winter drought of wheat. the best period of Spray irrigation for remedy is that when the mean temperature reaches above 0℃ (the 2nd and 3rd 10days of Feb. in Beijing area) and there is no cold days after then. Irrigation quantity can be calculated by the formula:V=6.67h(θ-θ 1)ρ or H=h(θ-θ 1)ρ. Spray irrigation in early spring can eliminate dry soil layer, decrease the variation of soil temperature round the tillering nodes. As a result death of plants will be reduced and the number of roots, ears, grains and grain weight will increase. It is suggested that spray irrigation in early spring is a good method for attenuation of winter drought of wheat and increase of yield in North China.

Research and Development of Winter Wheat Growing in Northern Region

ZOU Li kun, ZHANG Jian ping, JIANG Qing zhen,WANG Gui yan, ZHAO Hong mei (Agronomy College of Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071001)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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As the climate in the globe is getting warmer and warmer, many institutes had taken part in the research of “Winter Wheat Growing in Northern Region” in north China. A summary about the problem of “Winter Wheat Growing in Northern Region” have been made in order to provide preference for further research and layout of winter wheat planting.

Fitting Light Response Curves of Photosynthesis of Winter Wheat

LU Pei ling 1, YU Qiang 2, LUO Yi 2, LIU Jian dong 3 (1.College of Forest Resources and Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, 2.Yucheng Comprehensive Experimetal Station, Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Photosynthetic rate of leaves of winter wheat in field and their corresponding meteorological elements are observed in North China Plain. The light response curves are fitted by rectangle and non rectangle hyperbola. It is found that initial quantum yield obtained by fitting rectangle hyperbola is higher than its real value. The non rectangle curve gives a proper value of the physiological parameters, and shows light saturation under high light intensity.

Study on the Effect of Layers of Film and Deepness of Underlying Ferment Materials to Microclimate Feature of Tobacco Seedbed

YANG Jian song, HE Hua xiang, ZHANG Bang kun, MU Biao (Agricultural Department of Guizhuo University,Guiyang 550025)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Different layers of film and deepness of underlying ferment materials affect tobacco’s growth because they not only change the temperature of seedbed, humidity and the distribution of illumination but also form different microclimate features. The results of experiment carried out in Guizhou showed that the microclimate feature of seedbed covered with three layers of films or one layer of film and 12cm underlying ferment materials is favorable to the growth of tobacco seedlings, which can reach the purpose of breeding of strong seedlings.

The Relationship Between Climatic Change and El Nino in Jilin Province

PAN Tei fu (Laboratory of Agrometeorology Jilin academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Analysis on the frequency of low temperature El Nino year occurred in 1949~1980 and the meteorological data showed that El Nino had a close relationship with chilling in Jilin Province. From 1981 to 1997, the frequency of high temperature El Nino year had a close relationship with high temperature in Jilin Province. El Nino cause disturbed climate of Jilin Province. It was concluded that El Nino can induce climate anomalies and approriate measures must be taken according to the specific conditions.

Effects of Temperature During the Filling Period on the Physicochemical and Amylogram Properties of Rice Grain

JIN Zheng xun, QIU Tai quan, SUN Yan li, JIN Xue yong (Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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An experiment was carried out under natural conditions at both high temperature of glass house covered with glass and normal outside temperautre to study the effects of temperature during the filling period on the physicochemical properties and amylogram properties of rice grain. The results showed that with the increasing of the temperature during the filling period, the gelatinization temperature and protein content turned high, the gel consistency grew long, while the amylose content turned low. Correlation analysis showed that daily mean temperature during the filling period has a posritive correlation with gel consistency and protein content, while it has a negative correlation with alkali spreading value and amylose contents. The initial pasting temperature increased with the increasing of temperautre during the filling period, but the changes of peak viscosity, hot viscosity and break down varied from ecotypes of different varieties. Peak viscosity, hot viscosity and break down of early varieties at high temperature were higher than at normal temperature, but the peak viscosity, hot viscosity and break down of late varieties at normal temperature is higher than at high temperature.

Spring wheat Meteorological Service System in Ningxia

SU Zhan sheng, HUANG Feng (Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science, Yinchuan 750002)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Based on a great deal of research production and service experience on agrometeorology, the spring wheat meteorological service system which run in Windows 95/98 was developed. It can offer a series of meteorological service for the agricultural decision making departments and production departments in Ningxia in spring wheat production. During the operational application for 3 years from 1997 to 1999, it was proved that this system has evident effects in agrometeorological service.

Effect of global climate change on spring wheat growth in Ningxia

LEI Shui ling (Agrometeorolgy Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Wheat growth in Ningxia in the future is simulated and the climate scenarios were generated from Climate Generator Model and GCMs, when all the data the model needed are input. The simulated result shows that the growing season of wheat will be shorten and the yield will be obviously decreased in Ningxia in the future because of global climate change, but this yield reduction will be relieved because of the increasing concentration of CO 2. These results will be suitable for the area with similar climate characteristics.

The Application of Ann to Prediction of Winter Wheat Scab in Area of Taihu Lake

GAO Ping, JU Wei min, CHEN Ning, JIN Long (Meteorological Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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Based on the data of SST and winter wheat scab in Taihu lake of Jiangsu Province from 1951 to 1998, the statistical analyses about the influence of abnormality of SST in pacific round equator on occurrence of winter wheat scab in Taihu lake area were carried out. It was found that situation of wheat scab would often be heavier in the next year when ENSO begin or last. Finally, a mixed long term prediction model of wheat scab was developed with the method of ANN (artificial neural network).

Climatic Resources Utilization Coefficiency of Cereal Crops in China and Development Measures

CUI Du chang (Institute of Agrometeorology, CAAS, Beijing 100081)

2001, 22(02):  . 

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In this paper, climatic resources utilization coefficiency of cereal crops in China has been calculated for the first time, and a conception of heat utilization efficiency is developed. The utilization efficiency of light is 0.14%, that of heat is 0.87kg/(℃·d·hm 2) and that of precipitation is 5.25kg/(mm·hm 2) in cereal crops in China. The climatic resources utilization coefficiency of cereal crops have a great difference among regions, which is higher in the north than in the south. The utilization coefficiency of light, heat, and water have different features. The utilization coefficiency is high in regions where the quantity and distribution of light, heat, water meet the needs of crops. The conditions of light, heat, water and utilization coefficiency have an inhibitory effect with each other. Mulliple cropping has improved annual climatic resources utilization coefficiency. The measures to increase climatic resources utilization coefficency of cereal crops are described.