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20 October 2014, Volume 35 Issue 05

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Potential Variation of Accumulated Temperature Zone in Heilongjiang Province Under SRES A2/B2 Scenarios

ZHU Hai-Xia, 吕Jia-Jia , LI Xiu-Fen, WANG Ping, LI Yu-Guang, WANG Ming, WANG Qiu-Jing, JIANG Li-Xia

2014, 35(05):  485-491.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.001

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Accumulated temperature（ΣT）was simulated under SRES A2/B2 scenarios from 2021 to 2050 in Heilongjiang province by using the regional climate model PRECIS.Based on GIS to finely divide the accumulated temperature zone（ATZ），the movement and change of ATZ were studied.The results showed that PRECIS simulated fairly well temperature and spatial distribution characters of ΣT≥10℃（above 10℃）during growing season in Heilongjiang province.There would be 300-500℃·d increase for the most of Heilongjiang province from 2021 to 2050.A new ATZ with 2900-3100℃·d（as APP）would be developed in the west，mainly located in South of the Songnen plain.The 1st ATZ would be drastically moved more than 2 latitudes toward north and 8 longitudes toward east，The 2nd ATZ moved 1.5 latitudes toward north.In addition，the total area of APP ATZ，The 1st ATZ and The 2nd ATZ was more than 50 percents of total area of Heilongjiang province，which increased 42 percentage points than that of baseline period（1961-1990）.The 3rd ATZ would be moved more than 2 latitudes toward north.The 4th ATZ and the 5th ATZ disappeared almost in growing areas.Their total area was 45 percent of total area of Heilongjiang province，and was half as much as baseline period.The results could provide reference to deal with climate change and adjust crop planting structure and maturing types of variety in Heilongjiang province.

Accumulated Temperature Variation and Accumulated Temperature Rezone in Heilongjiang Province

CAO Meng-Meng, LI Qiao, ZHANG Li-You, GAO Jian, LI Wei-Hai, DING Wang-Mei, SUN Yan-Kun

2014, 35(05):  492-496.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.002

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Based on daily average temperature data from 78 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang province from 1981 to 2012，the temporal and spatial variation of accumulated temperature ≥10℃ was analyzed by using five day running average and Kriging interpolation space method.The accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province was rezoned by using of the 80% guaranteed rate of the accumulated temperature.The results showed that the annual average temperature increased obviously at the rate of 0.21℃/10y，and the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased at the rate of 83.95℃·d per 10 years from 1980s.The average accumulated temperature was 2645.39℃·d in 1981-2012.The accumulated temperature ≥10℃ increased significantly in decadal，and the accumulated temperature≥10℃ zone moved to north and east obviously.The accumulated temperature with 80% guaranteed rate was above 2300℃·d in most regions，and all zones expanded to north and east.The results could provide references for planting division in Heilongjiang province.

Analysis on Variation Feature of Pan Evaporation and Effect of Meteorological Factors in Typical Grassland

SHI Gui hua

2014, 35(05):  497-503.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.003

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Based on meteorological observations such as pan evaporation，temperature，sunshine hours，and wind speed，humidity during 1954-2013 in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia，the annual and seasonal variation of evaporation was analyzed by using the linear trend，correlation analysis methods and complete correlation coefficient.The variation characteristics of the pan evaporation and the relations among pan evaporation and some meteorological factors were analyzed，and it attempted to explain climatic cause of evaporation changes.The results showed that the evaporation presented an obvious upward trend （51.49mm/10y，P＜0.01）in recent 60 years in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia，especially in spring，summer and autumn.Analysis on the complete coefficients of meteorological factors with pan evaporation showed that mean temperature，minimum temperature and relative humidity were the main influencing factors resulted in pan evaporation increase （P＜0.01）.There was obviously positive correlation between evaporation and temperature，but negative correlation between evaporation and relative humidity，which indicated that temperature and relative humidity were main factors resulted in evaporation increase in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia.The results could provide reference to climate change evaluation and analyzing in typical steppe region.

Response of Plant Community of Alpine Kobresia Meadow to Degradation Succession in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau

ZHANG Fa wei，WANG Jun bang，LIN Li，LI Yi kang，DU Yan gong，CAO Guang min

2014, 35(05):  504-510.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.004

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Alpine Kobresia meadow have a key function in carbon sequestration，water retention and biodiversity conservation on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau while degraded seriously.The response of plant community to degradation succession was not well understood.Based on the spacetime substitution method，the experiment of degradation gradients （excellent，good，fair，and poor）on alpine meadow was conducted and plant community as well as soil characteristics and water retention was surveyed from mid July to mid August in 2012.The results showed that the minimum of aboveground biomass，topsoil water content and surface rain infiltration and the peak value of topsoil （0-10cm） belowground biomass，topsoil organic matter，topsoil filed water content and mattic epipedon thickness all occurred in fair plots.The results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) on plant community diversity and function groups along degradation gradients showed that the four stages were obviously distinguished Canopy height，aboveground biomass，mattic epipedon thickness and rainfall infiltration rate accounted for the most variations of plant community.The response of plant community to degradation was non equilibrium and the inflexion of plant community variations might occur during the period from fair plots to poor plots.The nonequilibrium degradation processes would play an indicative function in selecting recovery techniques on degraded alpine meadow.

Effects of Full Plastic film Mulching on Double Ridges With Furrow on Soil Moisture and Temperature in Dry farming Maize Area

SUN Yu lianBIAN Xue jun，HUANG Cheng xiu，YANG Wen kai，CHEN Si yu，WEI Bo long

2014, 35(05):  511-515.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.005

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Soil moisture and temperature during different growth period of maize with the full plasticfilm mulching on double ridges with furrow（T1），flat film（T2）and open flat（not covered，CK）was compared，the effects of T1 on soil moisture and temperature in dry farming maize was studied through field experiment.The results showed that the average moisture of 0-200cm soil layer in T1，during the whole growth period，was higher 1.0 percentage points and 0.9 percentage points than that of T2 and CK，and 0.9 percentage points and 1.5 percentage points than that of T2 and CK from emergence to silking stage.Among the treatments，the maximum difference of the average moisture of 0-200cm soil layer occurred at seven leaf stage，and that of T1 was higher 1.4 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points than that of T2 and CK.The minimum difference occurred at jointing stage，and that of T1 was higher 0.4 percentage points and 0.3 percentage points than that of T2 and CK.The average moisture in 0-40cm of each layer in T1 was higher 1 percentage points and 1.7 percentage points than that of T2 and CK，with peak value 1.2 percentage points and 2.2 percentage points in 0-20cm.In addition，that of T1 was higher 0.9 percentage points and 1.3 percentage points than that of T2 and CK in 30-40cm，that of T1 was higher 0.7 percentage points than that of T2 and lower 1.0 percentage points than that of CK in 80-200cm.The average temperature in 0-40cm of each layer during the whole growth period in T1 was higher 0.7℃ and 2.7℃ than that of T2 and CK，with peak value 0.6℃ and 5.1℃ at seedling stage.The results indicated that the mode of full plasticfilm mulching on double ridges with furrow could improve soil moisture and temperature obviously，which was high efficiency planting mode in dry farming maize area.

Double Cropping Zone Change and Its Risk Analysis in Ili River Basin Under Climate Abruption

NIU Hai sheng，XU Wen xiu，XU Jiao mei，ZHI Juan，TANG Jiang hua

2014, 35(05):  516-521.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.006

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Based on the accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃，daily meteorological data in frostless period from 10 meteorological stations in Ili river basin from 1961 to 2010，the temporal and spatial distribution of heat resources was analyzed by using linear regressions，ttest and spatial interpolation method.According to the heat demand of local double cropping regimes，including wheat corn，wheatsoybean and wheat forage，the changes of double cropping area under climate change was analyzed.Meanwhile the climate risks were evaluated by using heat guarantee rate derived from heat data under climate changeThe results showed that the annual accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ increased by 89.9℃·d·10y-1 and 88.0℃·d·10y -1 （P＜0.05），respectively，the frostless period increased by 5.4d·10y -1 （P＜0.05）from 1961 to 2010，both of their abruption changes occurred in 1997.After the abruption，the distribution of heat resources showed high value in plains，followed by in hills and in mountains.Heat resources did not meet the demand of double cropping production in Ili river basin before 1997，but the accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ and frostless period reached 4217.7℃·d，3649.6℃·d and 197d，respectively，all of them could meet the demand of double cropping，and the climate guarantee rate was more than 85.7%，which meant that double cropping production can be applied after the abruption.The results indicated that wheat soybean double cropping was very feasible with a more than 93% climate guarantee rate，however wheat maize double cropping was possible in risky.The results could provide theoretical references for the development of multiple cropping system in Ili river basin and North Xinjiang.

Simulation Model of Relative Meteorological Yield of Doublecropping Early Rice in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Based on Principal Component Regression

CHEN Fei，YANG Shen bin，SHEN Shuang he，JIANG Xiao dong，HU Ji chao，HU Ning

2014, 35(05):  522-528.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.007

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Taking the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River as a study area，a simulation model related to meteorological yield of early rice was developed.The dominant climatic factors in three key phenological phases were analyzed based on field experimental data and daily meteorological data from 30 agrometeorological stations during 1981-2010，then an empirical model used to simulate relative meteorological yields of early rice was established by using of the principal component regression method.The model was verified by comparing actual yields and simulated yields of early rice，which calculated with fivepoint moving average method.The results showed that the most important climatic factor for the relative meteorological yields of double cropping early rice was the total precipitation，which showed highly significant negative correlation with the relative meteorological yields of early rice in all three phases（P<0.01）.The second important factor was sunshine hours from heading stage to the end of grain filling，which showed a significant positive correlation with early rice yieldsFurthermore，the three temperature indicators，total thermal effect，average daily maximum temperature and average daily temperature range during the panicle initiation to heading stage，also showed significant positive correlation with early rice yields.The model simulation results showed that the simulated early rice yields were generally consistent with the actual yields，their correlation coefficient reached 0.93 in the typical year（1996），and the average relative error was 7%.It indicated that the model had strong applicability on simulating and predicting the relative meteorological yield of early rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

Rice Yield Comparison Among Different Accumulated Temperature Zones in Heilongjiang Province

YU Qiu zhu，XU Hai，KONG Yu，XIE Bao sheng，CHEN Dong sheng，CHEN Wen fu，XU Zheng jin

2014, 35(05):  529-536.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.008

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Based on temperature data from 18 meteorological stations in different accumulated temperature zone（ATZ），statistics of rice yields in 1951-2012 and rice field trials in 2011 and 2012，rice yields variation and yield components were analyzed in different accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the annual average temperature，annual average maximum and minimum temperature increased at the rate of 0.512℃·10y-1（P<0.05），0.258℃·10y-1（P<0.05）and 0.478 ℃·10y-1（P<0.05）in Heilongjiang province respectively.The temperature was relative lower in the sixth accumulated temperature zone，but it increased obviously.And the higher linear trend ratio was，the more significant correlation with rice yield was.The correlation coefficient of the yield and yield components from high to low was GNPP（grain number per panicle）＞SSR（seed setting rate）＞NP（number panicles）＞TGW（1000 grain weight），and all of them showed significant differences except for TGW.There was significant positive correlation between the character of panicle and rice yield，which was sequencing as GD（grains density）＞NSB（number of secondary branches）＞SBNG（secondary branchesnumber of grains per panicle）＞PBSSR（primary branches SSR）＞NPB（number of primary branches）＞PBNG（primary branches number of grains per panicle）.The results could provide the basis of scientific theory for rice breeding and cultivation practices in different temperature zones in Heilongjiang province.

Effect of Autumn Low Temperature During Flowering Stage on Physiological Property and Yield of Late Rice in Jiangxi Province

YU Yan wen，YANG Zai qiang，YIN Jian min，YU Kai ju，SUN Qing

2014, 35(05):  537-543.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.009

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To study the impact of autumn low temperature of Jiangxi province on rice leaf physiological characteristics and yield function during the flowering stage，five artificial environmental control experiments and one basis experiment were designed in artificial climate chamber in Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology from August to October in 2013.The processing time of control experiments were 3d，6d，9d，12d and 15d（denoted as T3d，T6d，T9d，T12d and T15d），respectively，with test temperature of 22℃/17℃（day/night），and the basis experiment was set at 25℃.The results showed that，（1）peroxidase（POD），superoxide dismutase（SOD）and catalase（CAT）activity and malondialdehyde （MDA）content gradually increased with prolonged low temperature，and cells would suffer serious damage after 15d of low temperature processing.（2）Compared with CK，the maximum photosynthetic rate and maximum carboxylation rate of T15d fell by 65.99% and 67.44%，respectively，at the same time the blade photochemical quenching（qP），maximal photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）and photoelectronic transfer rate（ETR）also reduced by 19.50%，10.25% and 42.77%，rather than the photochemical quenching（qN）increased slightly.（3）Underthe influence of low temperature，photosynthetic pigment synthesis had been restrained，so the chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and carotenoid content decreased significantly.（4）With low temperature treatment during flowering period，ear length，effective tillers，seed setting rate and grain weight etc significantly were much lower than CK，which resulted in a significant decline in production，and T15d declined up to 48.42% as example.Therefore，autumn low temperature of late rice at flowering stage could obviously inhibit the function of physiological activity of rice leaf，which leaded to a significant reduction in the production，and the results of this study would provide a scientific basis for early warning and disaster assessment of autumn low temperature.

Effects of High Temperature on Rice Spikelet Sterility at Flowering Stage

ZHOU Jian xia， ZHANG Yu ping， ZHU De feng， XIANG Jing

2014, 35(05):  544-548.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.010

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Two indica rice cultivars Ⅱyou 7954 and Ⅱyou 7 were used as materials.They were exposed at two high temperature stress treatments，which included conventional with 38℃ between 9：00 and 14：00，and delaying with 38℃ between 11：00 and 16：00 in phytotron，their response was quantified at flowering stage through spikelet fertility.The results showed that rice spikelet sterility was highest sensitive to conventional high temperature treatment on the same day of flowering， and highest sensitive to delaying high temperature treatment on the previous day of flowering.The flowering peak delaying high temperature treatment occurred before 11：00am，which meant rice spikelet sterility was induced by high temperature before flowering，but not at flowering.Rice spikelet sterility induced by high temperature during 11：00-16：00 was mainly due to effects on anther dehiscence，pollen germination and tube growth.The results could provide references to evaluate rice resistance to heat.

Effects of Short term High Temperature on Amylose Content and RVA Profile Characteristic Parameters in Different Early Indica Rice Varieties at Milk Stage

YANG Jun，CHEN Xiao rong，ZHU Chang lan，PENG Xiao song，HE Xiao peng，FU Jun ru，OUYANG Lin juan，BIAN Jian min，HU Li fang，HE Hao hua

2014, 35(05):  549-555.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.011

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Two hybrid rice varieties（Ganxin203 and Jinyou402）and four conventional rice varieties（Zhong531，B670，E134，and ST66）were used as materials They were exposed at 35℃ and 38℃ for 3 days at milk stage and compared with the controls in the field of natural temperature in the same time period The effects of high temperature at milk stage on amylose content and starch RVA profile characteristic parameters in different early indica rice varieties were discussed Furthermore，the correlation between starch RVA profile characteristic values and amylose content was analyzed The results showed that Zhong531 and B670 had a large breakdown and a low amylose content，setback，and consistency both at the controls and high temperature treatments On the contrary，E134 and ST66 had a small breakdown and a high amylose content，setback，and consistency，and the case for hybrid rice Ganxin203 and Jinyou402 was in the middle across all treatments Compared with the control，38℃ high temperature decreased significantly the breakdown of Ganxin203，Jinyou402，Zhong531 and E134，and increased significantly the setback of Ganxin203 and Zhong531，and decreased significantly the consistency of Jinyou402，Zhong531，B670and E134，respectively The processing of starch RVA profile in all treatments was broadly similar，but the morphology of starch RVA profile between varieties and temperature was slightly different The rice starch viscosity curve under 38℃ high temperature was always lower than those of the controls，while the RVA profile characteristic values of Zhong531 and B670 were different from those of the controls Moreover，the amylose content of rice starch was significantly correlated with RVA profile characteristic values

Probability of Cucumber Potential Disease Incidence in Sunlight Greenhouse in Beijing

LV Guo hua，BAI Wen bo，WU Yong feng，SONG Ji qing

2014, 35(05):  556-560.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.012

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Experiments were carried out in a sunlight greenhouse in Daxing district，Beijing. The cucumber was cultivated by the cultural practices.Air temperature and relative humidity during the growing season（2012.10 to 2013.04）were collected.Based on the proper air temperature，relative humidity and leaf wet duration for disease infection，the probability of potential diseases were analyzed.The results showed that 88.1% potential diseases occurred in night and early in the morning.The managements during the period played a key role.The potential disease occurred days accounted for 22.8% during the experiment.97.7% potential diseases occurred from February to April.The most serious month was March，which accounted for 53.3% of the total.The vegetables from the sunlight greenhouse in March might be in the highest risk in food security.The conclusions could provide valuable information on crop disease management in greenhouse.

Estimation of Premium Rates of High Temperature Disaster for Early Rice in Jiangxi

SUN Qing,YANG Zai qiang, YIN Jian min,YU Kai ju, YUAN Xiao kang,YU Yan wen,GAO Li na

2014, 35(05):  561-566.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.013

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Rice cv. Wuyou 157 was grown in a climate chamber at filling stage to simulate the weather pattern of high temperature disaster. The air temperature in the climate chamber was set as35℃ during the day and 28℃ during the night， and this day/night temperature regime lasted for 2， 4， 6， 8， 10， 12， 14 and 16 days， respectively. A relationship model between yield reduction rate （y） of early rice and duration of high temperature （x） was established. Based on the meteorological data of 11 cities of Jiangxi province from 1960 to 2007， the Weibull distribution model was used to calculate the probability of high temperature induced maturity， which was then combined with the yield reduction model to determine the pure premium rates for 15%， 30% and 45% of deductible excess. The results showed that the relationship between yield reduction rate （y） of early rice and duration of high temperature （x） could be well described by the following logarithmic function: y（%）=32.082lnx22.681. The probabilities of high temperature induced maturity in Yingtan and Ganzhou both reached 87.5%， which were higher than other cities in Jiangxi. However， the probabilities were below 70% in Fuzhou， Jingdezhen， Yichun and Pingxiang. The pure premium rates of high temperature induced maturity for early rice in Jiangxi province presented a descending trend from north to south， and the maximum pure premium rate was 4.707% in Yingtan and the minimum one was 2.138% in Yichun. It was considered that the deductible excess of 30% was the most appropriate for high temperature disaster of early rice in Jiangxi province. The results of this study were expected to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of policy weather index insurance for early rice in Jiangxi province．

Analysis on Drought Climate Change in Yunnan Based on Relative Moisture Index

REN Ju zhang， HUANG Zhong yan， ZHENG Jian meng

2014, 35(05):  567-574.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.014

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Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data from 15 meteorological stations in Yunnan during 1961-2010， the temporal and spatial variation of drought climate in Yunnan was analyzed by using relative moisture index （M index） and Morlet wavelet method. The results showed that the M index mainly reflected the effect of precipitation on drought during rainy season in Yunnan while the M index was responded to evapotranspiration which resulted from temperature and sunshine during dry season. There was big fluctuation on dry wet climate in Yunnan both from interannual and interdecadal change. M index mainly showed periodical changes with 10-16 years， 6-8 years and 2-4 years in rainy season while with 8 years and 4-6 years mostly appeared in dry season， and its regional change in rainy season was bigger than that in dry season. Most of the severe droughts in Yunnan showed similar trend， which was smaller M index value in last rainy season， lower index value in following dry season， and delaying rainy season in this year. The climate in rainy season was tending to dry， and climate in dry season tend to more dry under global warming. The main period of M index change in most region of Yunnan entered into low value stages， accompanying precipitation decline， which resulted in frequent severe droughts. The results could provide references for drought prediction and evaluation， and risk management in Yunnan

Impacts of Late Frost on Grain Yield and Its Components of Winter Wheat

HU Xin， REN De chao， NI Yong jing，HUANG Jian ying， SONG Ji qing，WU Yong feng

2014, 35(05):  575-580.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.015

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A frost prone farmland in Shangqiu was chosen as the study area where a winter wheat cultivar Aikang 58 was planted. After natural frosts occurred in April 7，10 and 21， 2013， yield components of 100 sampling points （the interval between samples is 5m） were measured at wheat maturity. Frost injury was divided into five grades according to the proportion of the damaged part of each ear. Damaged ear index （DEI） was established as an index for evaluating the overall frost injury. Differences among the frosted grades for grain yield and its components per 100 ears were compared. To reveal the change rules of yield components with the increasing frost injuries， the trends of grain yield and its components of the different grades per 100 ears and total ear number and actual yield in 1 square meters were fitted by mathematical functions. The results showed that ear number， kernel number per ear and actual grain weight of the frosted ears were significantly lower than that of nonfrozen ears （P＜0.01）. With the higher grades， kernel number per ear and actual grain weight were lower， and ear numbers showed a trend to increase slightly after decrease obviously， and 1000kernel weight increased significantly and then decreased （P＜0.01）. In each 100 ears， ear number， kernel number per ear， 1000kernel weight and actual grain weight formed the decreasing trends with concave upward parabolic shape， linear function shape， concave downward parabolic shape and power function shape， respectively. With the higher DEI， total ear number and actual yield in 1 square meters was lower and formed the decreasing trends with power function shape and linear function shape， respectively. The results were helpful to reveal the influence mechanism of late frost injury at the jointing stage to booting stage of winter wheat．

Impacts of Temperature on Growth and Diffusion of Over summering Generation Matsucoccus matsumurae

YUAN Fu xiang， XU Xiao ming， SHI Shu sen， LIU Shi， HU Yan quan，DENG Xiao fang

2014, 35(05):  581-585.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.016

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Matsucoccus matsumurae is the external invasive pest endangering the pine tree， which occurred as over wintering generation and over summering generation annual. It is currently broken out with harm and presents the trend of spreading to north in Northeast China. With the latitude increasing， the summer heat condition meet its growth and development is becoming the foundation of its further harm and diffusion. To explore the lower limit of Matsucoccus matsumurae suitable temperature in Northeast China and figure out the range of its northward diffusion， a simulation experiment of four temperature gradients was conducted， meanwhile， its ability to resistance against high temperature was also tested. The results showed that Matsucoccus matsumurae grew with the fastest rate at 25℃， with the rate equivalent to that in the nature at 20℃， and a slow rate at 15℃. Matsucoccus matsumurae eggs hatched fairly slowly at 10℃， which impeded their normal growth and adult breeding. In conclusion，10℃ could be regarded as the low limit of temperature prohibiting northward diffusion of Matsucoccus matsumurae. In light of this temperature index， the summer climate of Northeast China was livable for over summering Matsucoccus matsumurae which might disperse northward further to the entire Heilongjiang province. High temperature tests revealed that Matsucoccus matsumurae inhabiting in Northeast China for long was highly resistant against high temperature and thus tends to survive and spread as before if they migrated to high temperature areas in South China. The results provided a theoretical foundation for exploring the lower temperature of suitable survival of the over summering generation of Matsucoccus matsumurae so that obtaining its diffusion areas northward and understanding its high temperature tolerance in Northeast China.

Spectral Response Characteristics of Rice Canopy Under Drought Stress at Jointing Stage and Heading Stage

Sayran WALEY，GE Dao kuo， CAO Hong xin，ZHANG Jia hua， LI Bing bai

2014, 35(05):  586-592.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.017

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The canopy spectral reflectance of rice at jointing and heading stage under drought treatment and control （normal processing） was measured by using ASD （Field Spec Pro FR2500） spectral radiometer， the spectral variation of rice canopy， vegetation index， water index， derivative spectral characteristics were analyzed under drought stress. The results showed that the visible and near infrared reflectance were，under drought stress，significantly decreased than that of CK at jointing and heading stage， and short infrared reflectance was significantly increased than that of CK，which resulted in all of red edge position of derivative spectra went shortwave direction. Meanwhile，red edge and red edge slope decreased significantly，the composite constructed index of six vegetation index or water index decreased， with the four band moisture index （SRND）and normalized difference infrared index （NDVII） decreased obviously. The visible and near infrared reflectance rate decreased significantly and short infrared band reflectance rate increased significantly after 20d of jointing and 10d of heading under drought stress. During this period， the red edge characteristic parameters， vegetation moisture index decreased slightly. These results could provide technical for the application of hyper spectral remote sensing technology to monitor the rice drought rapidly and nondestructive．

Remote Sensing Monitoring of a Dry hot Wind Disaster in Wheat Growing Area of Henan Province

LI Ying, WEI Yuan yuan, LIU Rong hua, FANG Wen song, CHENG Lin

2014, 35(05):  593-599.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.018

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 The domestic meteorological data FY3/MERSI was used to construct 4 types vegetation indices that including NDVI, RVI, ARVI and EVI to monitor a wide range of dry hot wind process in winter wheat growing area in Henan province 12-13 May, 2013.By comparing the frequency distribution and the variation spatial distribution of these pixel vegetation indexes before and after dry hot wind occurred, and analyzing the correlation between vegetation index variation and meteorological indices, authors studied the applicability and sensitivity of different vegetation index for monitoring and evaluation the dry hot wind disaster. The results showed that NDVI, RVI and ARVI had a consistent and significant downward trend when this dry hot wind occurred and its descent amount increased as the dry hot wind disaster grade rised. The correlation between vegetation index variation and dry hot wind disaster level also increased with the grade rised. In addition, NDVI and RVI were more sensitive than ARVI for the dry hot wind disaster, so that they are applicable to monitoring a large area of dry hot wind disaster. The research results can provide a scientific basis for promoting the application of satellite remote sensing technology to monitor and evaluate a large area of dry hot wind disaster.