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10 February 2009, Volume 30 Issue 01

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Performance of CERES-Maize in Regional Application

XIONG Wei,LIN Er-da(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/The Key Laboratory forAgro-Environment and Climate Change,The Ministry of Agriculture of China,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(01):  3-7. 

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The primary purpose of regional simulation is to predict the crop yield spatially and temporally,with available data set.Performance of regional simulation and its uncertainties were analyzed,in the case of CERES-Maize model.The results show that the average relative root mean square error(RMSE) between simulated and census yield across the whole of China is 29.9%,with an agreement index of 0.78.Of all the 2144 simulation grids,71.3% grids show RMSE less than 30%,and 29.4% of which with RMSE less than 15%.The performance is different among regions.The best performance occurs in AEZ 2,the largest maize cultivation areas taken 34% of maize cultivation area of China,where 63.2% grids have RMSE less than 15%.Considerable uncertainties exist in the regional simulation,including limitations of crop model,the aggregation of coefficient parameters and management practices to AEZ system,the rationality of definition of Agro-Ecological Zone system to present climate,and errors in dataset,etc.

Research Progress on Impacts of Climate Change on Livelihood

WU Yan-juan1,2,LI Yu-e1 (1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / KeyLaboratory of Gro-Environment and Climate Change,The Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia,Huhehot 010051)

2009, 30(01):  8-13. 

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Climate change is the core issue of global change,and it has aroused widespread international attention.The research of impacts of climate change on livelihood is a new hot topic.To aim at a more in-depth understanding of the specific impacts of climate change on the elements of livelihood,this paper reviews the impacts of climate change on the capital,the ability and the activities to earn a living from climate change and meteorological disasters.At present,there are a few domestic researches of livelihood and the impacts of climate change on livelihood.The big gaps in academic-related fields need to be filled.

Probability Distribution of Minimum Temperature during Half Year of Winter in Tianshui

HU Li-ping1,2,ZHANG Hua-lan2,WANG Run-yuan1,FU Ze-sheng2,AN Jing3(1.Institute of Arid Meteorology,Open Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Agro-meteorologicalExperiment Station of Tianshui,Tianshui 741020;3.Tianshui Meteorological Bureau,Tianshui 741020)

2009, 30(01):  14-18. 

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Based on the mean minimum temperature data of seven meteorological stations in 1971-2007 in Tianshui during the half year of winter,which was from November to April of the next year,the abrupt changes of the minimum temperature were analyzed by using Mann-Kendall statistic test.The probability distributions of the minimum temperature series for the colder periods in 1971-1972 and 1995-1996 and warmer periods in 1996-1997 and 2006-2007 were analyzed.The differences of the spatial distribution of the minimum temperature between the two climatic periods were also compared.The results showed the significant increase of the minimum temperature occurred in the middle of 1990's.Its increasing amplitude was larger than that of the mean temperature.The partial cold probability of the minimum temperature apparently reduced,while the partial warm probability of the minimum temperature increased.The minimum temperature in the North of the Wei River and the valley of Wei River significantly increased with exception in the Guan Mountain Areas.

Analysis of Changing Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources Over Last 45 Years in North China Plain

TAN Fang-ying1,2,WANG Jian-lin1,2,SONG Ying-bo2,SHEN Shuang-he1(1.Nanjing University of Information of Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081)

2009, 30(01):  19-24. 

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The temporal and spatial tendency,differences of agricultural climate resources in the North China Plain was analyzed by using linear-trend estimate,based on the daily air temperature and precipitation of 53 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2005 in the North China Plain.The result indicated that the inter-annual change between the annual accumulated temperature≥0℃,the accumulated temperature≥10℃ from May to October,the absolute value of annual accumulated temperature<0℃ and the air temperature existed a corresponding relationship in the whole North China Plain.There was a poor period of heat before the middle of 1970s,the heat was increasing from the 1970s to the end of 1990s,and it was quite abundant in the last 15 years.The heat increased greatly in the north of the North China Plain and on the east coast of Shandong.But the accumulated temperature higher than 10℃ during the crop growing season decreased in the central south of the North China Plain.The annual precipitation and precipitation in summer decreased faintly,and the fluctuation of precipitation inter-annual was intensified.Differently,the annual precipitation was increased in the last three years(2003-2005).The results also showed that the precipitation differences between the south part(coastal area) and the north part(inland) was getting smaller,especially in summer.

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Precipitation at Different Grades and Their Impacts on Agriculture in Huaihe River Basin of Anhui Province

MA Xiao-qun,CHEN Xiao-yi,YAO Yun (Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Anhui Province,Anhui Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science andSatellite Remote Sensing,Hefei 230031,China)

2009, 30(01):  25-30. 

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Based on daily precipitation data in the Huaihe River Basin of Anhui Province,the spatial and temporal changes of the precipitation at different grades and their impacts on agriculture were analyzed,combined the case studies and by using the method of particular examples,and long and short-term combination.The results showed that the chronological changes of annual precipitation,heavy rain and rainstorm were not significant,but annual precipitation days decreased and rain days over heavy rain grade were slightly increased.The summer rainfall and the proportion of rain over heavy rain grade to total precipitation also were increased.The annual and summer rainfall intensity of heavy rain and had a significantly quadric correlation with time,which tended to increase after 1990s.Crop yield had a quadric correlation with the rainfall and rain days.which correlation coefficient with rainfall was higher than that with rain days.Both the average annual precipitation and summer precipitation were higher than the optimum precipitation for high crop yield in recent years,and damage areas of waterlogging were obviously increased.

Climate Characteristics of Precipitation and Phenomenon of Drought-flood Abrupt Alternation during Main Flood Season in Huaihe River Basin

WANF Sheng,TIAN Hong,DING Xiao-jun,XIE Wu-san,TAO Yin (Anhui Province Climate Center,Hefei 230031,China)

2009, 30(01):  31-34. 

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Huaihe River Basin locates in the north and south climate transition belt in China.The change rate of the inter-annual precipitation is obvious,and the flood-drought disaster occurs frequently in main flood season.Based on the precipitation data of 126 meteorological stations,the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the precipitation,the precipitation variations in typical dry-flood years and the phenomenon of drought-flood abrupt alternation during the main flood season in Huaihe River Basin were analyzed,by using EOF,linear-trend estimate and Mann-Kendall catastrophe test.The results indicated that the spatial distribution of the precipitation showed that there were more precipitation in the South,mountain areas and inshore areas,compared to the North,plain and inland.The drought and flood mainly occurred in the South.The inter-annual variation of precipitation was also significant,especially in the lately decade.The concentrating heavy rain mainly occurred in the first ten days of July.The phenomenon of drought-flood abrupt alternation frequently occurred.Its frequency had obviously increased since 2000.

Simulation and Modification of Daily Variation of Air Temperature

YU Wei-dong1,TANG Xin-hai2(1.Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003,China;2.Suixian Meteorological Bureau,Suixian 476900)

2009, 30(01):  35-40. 

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Based on the daily four times' records of temperature and daily maximum and minimum temperature in Zhengzhou meteorological station from 2005 to 2007,the daily variation of air temperature was by the sine-exponential model,the Tk method and the piecewise linear model which proposed in this paper.The simulated results showed that the piecewise linear model performed better than the other two methods with a ME(Model Efficiency)by 0.99 and a less RMSE(Root Mean Square Error).Under different weather conditions,the simulated precision for the sine-exponential model and the Tk method was best in cloudy days,followed by clear days and overcast days.However,the simulated precision for the piecewise linear model was best in overcast days,followed by cloudy days and clear days.For all of three methods,the performance in daytime was always better than that at night.

Characteristics of Soil Moisture Variation in Main Agricultural Areas of Heilongjiang Province from 1984 to 2005

HAN Jun-jie1,GAO Yong-gang1,NAN Rui2,CAO Wen-da3(1.Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Haerbin 150030,China;2.Meteorological Bureau ofHeilongjiang Province,Haerbin 150001;3.Heilongjiang Kenfeng Seed Company Ltd.,Haerbin 150001)

2009, 30(01):  41-44. 

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Soil moisture is one of the most important indexes for drought prediction,agricultural production,crop layout and agricultural decision making.Based on the soil moisture data of twenty-six agro-meteorological observation stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1984 to 2005,with the statistical method of the climatic tendency rate and trend coefficient,the spatial and temporal characteristics of the soil moisture variation and their influencing factors in the main agricultural areas of Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.The results showed that the spatial distribution of the soil moisture was obvious different.It had positive correlation with the spatial distribution of the air temperature,and negative correlation with the rainfall spatial distribution.The soil moisture was relatively higher in Sanjiang Plain and the middle agricultural areas,while it was relatively lower in Songnen Plain.The soil moisture as a whole showed a decreased trend during 1984 and 2005.The decreasing extent of the soil moisture was different in the different seasons.The soil moisture significantly decreased in turn in autumn and in spring,while the deceased trend of the soil moisture was not obviously in summer.The study showed that the spatial distribution and change trend of the soil moisture were importantly influenced by climate,climate change and agricultural production.The drought disasters might be heavier in Songnen Plain,while the spring flood disasters might be relieved in east parts of the Sanjiang Plain.

Study on Effects of Agricultural Measures on Growth and Yield of Maize in Drylands of Weibei Plateau of Shaanxi Province

BAI Tao1,ZHANG Ya-jian2,YAN Chang-rong3,PENG Shi-qi4,ZHONG Yong-hong4(1.Hubei Vocational College of Ecological Engineering,Wuhan 430200,China;2.Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Tongchuan City,Tongchuan 727000;3.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081;4.National Agro-technolgical Extension and Service Centre,Beijing 100026)

2009, 30(01):  45-48. 

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The field experiments of the different agricultural measures and fertilizations on maize growth in the Weibei Plateau were conducted in 2002-2003 to study the effects of the different mulching systems and drought resistant fertilizer application on the soil moisture,and growth and yield of maize.The results showed that mulching and furrow could improve soil moisture,though it was affected strongly by the amount and distribution of rainfall in the dry lands.The stem diameter,leaf amount and height of maize were better in the treatments of mulching and usage of special fertilizers than in conventional practices.The yield of maize increased by the agricultural practices mulched with plastic film,furrow planting and usage of drought resistant fertilizer,especially by plastic mulching,which had 35%~43% more yield than that by the conventional treatment.The experiment also showed that there was a co-relation between the rainfall and the different agricultural practices.The plastic mulching showed a highest yield in the experiment.However,in the dry years,the furrow planting and drought resistant fertilizer application could gain higher yield.

Spatial Distribution of Potential Productivity for Greenhouse Tomato Variety Zhongza No.9 Based on TOMSIM

CHU Jin-xiang,SUN Zhong-fu,DU Ke-ming,JIA Qian(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(01):  49-53. 

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Potential productivity of greenhouse tomato variety Zhongza No.9 was calculated by using TOMSIM model to guide production of greenhouse tomato.At first the mechanism of TOMSIM was introduced and tested by using the 10 sites radiant data of China.Then the potential productivity of greenhouse tomato variety Zhongza No.9 were simulated by inputting 33 cities solar radiation data of China from 1981 to 2000.The results showed that the highest yield equal to 57kg·m-2 was in Tibet and the lowest equal to 34kg·m-2 in Chongqing.The average actual yield of the tomato was only 7.7% of the average potential productivity,which revealed that the enormous output potential of greenhouse could be utilized.

Study on Microclimate inside a Screen-house

LIU Hai-jun1,2,HUANG Guan-hua2,Josef TANNY3,Shabtai COHEN3(1.College of Water Science,Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing100875,China;2.Collage of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;3.Institute of Soil,Water and Environmental Sciences,Agricultural Research Organization,The Volcani Center,P.O.Box 6,Bet Dagan 50250,Israel)

2009, 30(01):  54-59. 

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An experiment was conducted in a large-size banana-cultivation screen-house with 352 m ×228 m in Israel to study the distribution and changes of microclimate inside the screen-house and relationships of the microclimate between inside and outside.The results showed that the screen transmissivity decreased with experimental time increasing.The microclimatic variables inside the screen-house were linearly related to those outside.Inside the screen-house,the relative humidity was higher,vapor pressure deficit was lower,and wind velocity decreased greatly in comparison with those outside the screen-house,while the temperature difference between inside and outside the screen-house was small.The differences in relative humidity,temperature and vapor pressure deficit between inside and outside the screen-house decreased with the wind velocity increasing.Inside the screen-house,the vapor density around canopy was higher than those near ground surface,and the converse temperature distribution occurred.

Variance Tendency of Precipitation and Runoff in Mountain Watershed of Hai River Basin in Recent 34 Years

TIAN Fei1,2,HAN Shu-min1,HU Yu-kun3(1.Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,CAS,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039;3.Hebei Provincial Academy ofWater Resources,Shijiazhuang 050021)

2009, 30(01):  60-65. 

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Based on the daily meteorological and hydrological data of 27 meteorological stations and 7 hydrological stations in the outlet of the region from 1966 to 1999,the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation and runoff in seven typical mountain watershed such as Hutuo river,Ye river,Yang river,Sanggan river,Tang river,Sha river and Chaobai river of the Hai River Basin were analyzed with the Mann-Kendall test method.The results indicated that the precipitation was not significantly decreased in the most meteorological stations,which took 66.67%,while the temperature was significantly increased in the most meteorological stations,which took 88.89%.The runoff experienced great decrease,but the downward degree was not the same.It significantly decreased in the South and Northwest Parts.

Differences of Atmospheric Circulation in More and Less Rain Months in Spring in Liaoning Province

YAN Qi1,2,CUI Jin3,WU Yan-qing1,2(1.Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Anshan Meteorological Bureau,Anshan 114004;Liaoning Province;3.Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment,CMA,Shenyang 110016)

2009, 30(01):  66-69. 

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The daily precipitation in Liaoning Province and data from NCEP/NCAR during 1960 and 2006 were analyzed by using composite analysis,corresponding analysis and difference analysis methods.The atmospheric circulation patterns,impact systems and wind vectors field during the spring were discussed.The result showed that in the more rain months of the spring in Liaoning Province,the Wula'er montain ridge and the East Asia trough were weaker,but their positions were partial west as usual years.The circulation appeared zonal surface converging and ascending actions became stronger,which led to a stronger west cold dry current and south warm and wet air.In the less rain months of the spring in Liaoning Province,the Wula'er montain ridge and the East Asia trough were stronger,but their positions were partial east as usual years.The fall movement became strong,the west cold dry current and the south warm and wet air became weaker than more rain months.

Studies on ETc and Kc of Main Crops in Northern Shandong Province

ZUO Yu-bao1,TIAN Chang-yu1,TANG Ji-wei1,Lü Shu-ying2,WEI Bo2,YANG Xiu-qin2,GAO Qing2(1.Dezhou Experimental Station of CAAS,Dezhou 253015,China;2.Dezhou Bureau Of Water Resouces,Dezhou 253014)

2009, 30(01):  70-73. 

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According to the field experiments from 2006 to 2007,the reference crop evapotranspiration was calculated by using Penman-Monteith equation on main crops in the Northern Shandong Province.The actual crop evapotranspiration was achieved by water balance equation and adjustment coefficient of soil water.The evapotranspiration in the whole growing period of winter wheat,summer corn,spring cotton,apple trees and Chinese chive was 491.2 mm,371.0 mm,425.8 mm,666.8 mm and 891.8 mm respectively,while the crop coefficient in the whole growing period was 1.32,1.34,0.85,0.99 and 1.33 for winter wheat,summer corn,spring cotton,apple trees and Chinese chive respectively.

Range of Parameter Values in Photosynthesis Model of Winter Wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Areas

HAO Qi1,2,LU Pei-ling1,FANG Shi-bo2,WU Ding-rong2,LIU Jian-dong2(1.Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;2.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081)

2009, 30(01):  74-78. 

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In the crop growth simulation models,the Leaf Initial Quantum Yield(α) and the Maximum Net Photosynthetic Rate(Pmax) are two sensitive parameters in calculating the photosynthesis,which have always being the nodus in the research of the crop growth simulation models.Based on seven years field observations in the experiment base of Shandong Agricultural University,where the data were measured by Li-6400.The light response curves of photosynthesis were fitted and values of the two parameters of winter wheat were settled.The rsults showed that values of the α and Pmax,changed with the different varieties of the winter wheat,which indicated large instability,but when seven years experimental data of the total winter wheat variety were fitted,the results showed a relatively steady range of α and Pmax with 0.053-0.107mol·mol-1 and 10.1-49.2μmol·m-2·s-1 respectively.The range of the two key parameters for the crop growth simulation model in this study could provide references for the calibration and validation of the key parameters in crop growth simulation models.

Functional Traits of Deciduous Trees and Their Relationships with Meteorological Factors in NSTEC

FENG Qiu-hong,SHI Zuo-min,DONG Li-li,LIU Shi-rong(Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry;Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology andEnvironmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration,Beijing 100091,China)

2009, 30(01):  79-83. 

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Based on the data of functional traits of 55 deciduous trees in 11 sites from temperate zone of the North-South Transect of Eastern China(NSTEC),the relationships among plant functional traits and their responses to meteorological factors were analyzed.The results showed that the relationships among leaf dry mass content(LDMC),leaf dry mass per area(LMA) and ratio of the bark to diameter at height of breast(RBD) were all positive with r=0.367(P<0.001) for the ratio of LMA and LDMC,r=0.363(P<0.001) for the ratio of LMA and RBD,r=0.208(P<0.001) for the ratio of LDMC and RBD respectively.Furthermore,the temperature and rainfall played an important role in determining plant functional traits.The RBD decreased with the increase of mean annual temperature(MAT)(r=-0.194,P=0.043),while the LDMC decreased with the increase of mean temperature in January and July(r=-0.480,P<0.001;r=-0.483,P<0.001 respectively).Both LDMC(r=-0.391,P<0.001) and LMA(r=-0.192,P=0.036) decreased with the increase of mean annual rainfall(MAR).The results indicated that tree species along NSTEC adapted their existing environment through regulating their functional traits.

Influence of High Temperature Stress on Some Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Rice Variety Yangdao 6

XIE Xiao-jin1,2,LI Bing-bai2,SHEN Shuang-he1,LIU Chun-lei1,TANG Ri-sheng2,CHENG Gao-feng2(1.Colloge of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Institute of Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014)

2009, 30(01):  84-87. 

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The influence of the high temperature stress on some physiological characteristics of flag leaves of the rice variety Yangdao 6 during the heading stage was studied.The results showed that the loss of the chlorophyll in the flag leaves was accelerated under high temperature stress,while the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the content of the ascorbic acid(ASA),the glutathione(GSH),the proline(Pro),the soluble protein and the soluble sugar significantly reduced by high temperature stress as well.Whereas the content of the electrolyte leakage and the malondialdehyde(MDA) significantly increased.The high temperature stress accelerated the senescence of leaf and caused the changes of other inner source substances,and then could reduce photosynthesis capability of the crop.

A Study on Dynamic Yield Prediction for Watermelon Growing on Gravel-covered Land in Ningxia

ZHANG Yu-lan1,2,SU Zhan-sheng3,MAO Wan-zhong2,LI Bao-hua2,GAO Hong-xian2(1.Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disasters Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Zhongwei City,Zhongwei 755000;3.Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002)

2009, 30(01):  88-91. 

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Based on the correlation analysis between the watermelon yield and meteorological variables at the different growing stages of the watermelon growing on gravel-covered land,the influence of climate on the yield of watermelon in the Xiangshan Mountain Areas of the Zhongwei City,Ningxia was investigated.A dynamic prediction model for watermelon yield was established.The results showed that the precipitation was the main factor which affected the growth of the watermelon growing on gravel-covered land.The precipitation both during the pre-seeding period and the whole growing season played a final role in determining the yield of watermelon.The vine stretch and melon inflation stages were the sensitive periods.The precipitation,mean relatively and mean wind speed significantly affected the watermelon yields.To some extents,the yield of the watermelon increased with the increase of the precipitation,while the watermelon yields decreased with the increase of the mean maximum temperature and wind speed,but with the decrease of the relative humidity.

Analysis of Climatic-Ecological Conditions for Yield Formation of High Quality Rice in Chongqing City

MEI Yong1,GAO Yang-hua1,TANG Yun-hui1,CHEN Zhi-jun1,XIANG You-quan2,LAN Zhi-dong3,LI Jia-ming4,LIU Tian-gui5,PAN Qi-jia6(1.Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Chongqing 401147,China;2.Zhongxian Meteorology Bureau,Zhongxian 404300;3.Yunyang Meteorology Bureau,Yunyang 404500;4.Nanchuan Meteorology Bureau,Nanchuan 408400;5.Agro-technological Extension and Service Center of Baying Township of Zhongxian County,Zhongxian 404301;6.Agro-technological Extension and Service Center of Dayang Township of Yunyang County,Yunyang 404505)

2009, 30(01):  92-95. 

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Based on the interval sowing trial for high quality rice variety Yixiang 9303 in Chongqing,the regression model for yield and yield components and climatic-ecological model for the yiela components were established by the multivariable step-wise and multi-correlation analysis.The results indicated that the grain per spike,seed setting rate,spikes per unit area and thousand grain weight had great contribution to the yield,especially grain per spike and seed setting rate.There was a significant negative correlation between grain per spike and average temperature in the jointing-booting stage,while the grain per spike had a quadratic regression with the average temperature in the booting-heading stage.The seed setting rate had quadratic regression with the average temperature in the booting-heading and heading-milk stages.The optimum average temperature for the booting-heading and heading-milk stages was 27.2℃ and 26.7℃respectively.The main meteorological factors which influenced the spikes per unit area were the average precipitation and the daily average sunshine hours in the emergence-reviving stage,and the average temperature and the daily average sunshine hours in the reviving-jointing stage.The average maximum temperature in the booting-heading and milk-maturation stages,and the daily temperature range in the heading-milk and milk-maturation stages were the key factors determining the thousand grain weight of the high quality rice.

Climate Decision Making Support System for Seed Production Bases of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

LEI Dong-Yang1,ZHOU Xiao-Jiao2,XIAO Ceng-Lin1,KUANG Hao-Yuan3, CHEN Yi-Ming2,CHEN Li-Yun1(1.Rice Research Institute,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;2.Normal College of Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;3.College of Biological Science and Technology,HunanAgricultural University,Changsha 410128)

2009, 30(01):  96-101. 

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The selection of suitable sites and right season is vital to the success of the seed production of the two-line hybrid rice.The suitable climate regions and periods for seed production were determined to provide the decision making support systems for the seed production,based on the historic climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of the seed production.The historic data of the temperature,precipitation and relative humidity were analyzed by using Visual Basic 6.0,and storaged by Extensible Markup Language(XML),based on Geographic Information System(GIS).The best region and season for seed production in Hunan was identified based on climate data for the last 50 years.The results obtained using this system matched well with the current identified season and location most suitable for seed production in Hunan Province.This decision making support system is very helpful in decision-making related to two-line hybrid seed production.

A Review on Monitoring and Assessment of Flood Disaster by Satellite Remote Sensing

LI Xiang-yan1,2,CHEN Huai-liang2,LI You1(1.Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003)

2009, 30(01):  102-108. 

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Nowadays,flood is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world.Its scientific and effective monitoring and assessment provided the foundation for the flood prevention and mitigation.The basic theory of the flood monitoring by satellite remote sensing was briefly introduced.The research progress on techniques of the flood water extraction,the calculation of the flooded area and the depth of the floodwater,and the impact assessment of flood disasters was summarized,based on satellite data,such as Landsat TM and ETM+,SPOT,EOS/MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR etc.It was concluded that the remote sensing technology for the floodwater extraction was matured.The calculation of flood area based on GIS was relatively matured.The floodwater depth was still difficult to obtain and the corresponding technology was needed to be improved further.The impact assessment technology was developing quickly,while the methods,models and the accuracy of the quantitative assessment were needed to be studied further.Based on those conclusions,the microwave remote sensing,artificial neural networks,GIS could be widely applied in the flood disaster satellite remote sensing monitoring,especially the remote sensing data could be extensively utilized in the assessment process.

A Preliminary Study on Freezing Injury Indicators of Longan Trees

CAI Wen-hua1,CHEN Hui1,PAN Wei-hua1,TAN Zong-kun2,XU Zong-huan1 (1.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350001,China;2.Guangxi Meteorological DisasterMitigation Institute,Nanning 530022)

2009, 30(01):  109-112. 

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Longan trees often were harmed by the severe low temperature in winter,even to die.It is very important to study the indicators of freezing injury to Longan trees for the low temperature forecast and reasonable planting distribution.The data of the low temperature in winter and the occurrences of the low temperature damage to Longan trees of Fujian Province in recent years were investigated.The literature on the freezing injury of the Longan trees and the low temperature were reviewed.The photo data of the freezing damage of Longan trees in 1999-2000 in the ten counties in Guangxi provided by Guangxi Meteorological Disaster Mitigation Institute were referenced.The freezing damage grades of Longan trees and the coinstantaneous lowest temperature data in wooden screen were statistically analyzed.The correlation analysis results showed that the grades of freezing damage to Longan trees could be divided into five grades,namely no freezing injury,light freezing injury,medium freezing injury,severe freezing injury and extremely severe freezing injury.The corresponding maximum temperature was by-0.2,-1.6,-2.6,-3.3,and-3.5℃ for the different freezing injury grades respectively.Furthermore,with the increase of the freezing injury grades,the differences of the average temperature for the different freezing injury grades decreased.

Comprehensive Assessment of Agro-meteorological Disasters Based on Improved Projection Pursuit Method

ZHANG Kun,DING Xin-xin,HONG Wei,WU Cheng-zhen(The Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological System Process and Management,Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350002,China)

2009, 30(01):  113-117. 

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Aiming at the fuzziness,multi-connection and conditionality of the multi-factor objectively existed in the assessment of meteorological disaster,a improved projection pursuit method which integrated the multidimensional index of every year into one-dimensional projection value and could directly rank the indexes according to the projection value.The method was applied to comprehensively assess agro-meteorological disasters over the past 25 years in Fujian Province.The results showed that the low temperature induced freezing injury had the greastest impacts on agriculture in Fujian.According to the projection values,the agro-meteorological disasters were divided into four grades.The most serious disaster happened in 1999,while the most trivial one was in 1984.This result was consistent with the actual situation of Fujian Province.

Occurrence of Agricultural Floods and Droughts and Forecasting of Serious Disasters in Hengyang City

LIU Lan-fang,XIAO Zhi-cheng,TAN Qing-shan(Department of Resources Environment and Tourism Management,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421008,China)

2009, 30(01):  118-120. 

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Hengyang City is an important agricultural production base in Hunan Province.The agriculture was mainly in rain-fed and often suffered from drought and flood risk,especially high risk of drought.The historical disasters were statistically analyzed by using the disaster data in the last 50 years in Hengyang.The results indicated that the agricultural drought hazard occurred more frequently than the agricultural flood hazard in Hengyang.The agriculture drought appeared much in the summer and autumn,while the agricultural flood often occurred in the beginning of the summer and the end of the spring.The frequency of the agricultural drought hazard was bigger in the South than in the North.The Frequency of the agricultural drought hazard was biggest in the middle of Hengyang,while the frequency of agricultural flood hazard was bigger in the North than in the South.The frequency of agricultural flood hazard was bigger in the Xiangjiang River than in the east mountainous region and middle hill regions.The occurrence of serious floods and droughts were forecasted by grey theoretical modeling.The simulated results were consistent with the disasters occurred in 1986-2006.It was forecasted that there would be the risk year of serious drought in 2012 and the risk year of serious flood in 2014.It help to deal with catastrophe in Hengyang City,at the same time help promote the sustainable development of the agricultural economy.