化控剂对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能、植株整齐度及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2008/2009、2009/2010年度两个冬小麦生长季分别在田间设置3个化控处理试验，于冬小麦起身期（3月1日前后）进行喷雾处理，处理1喷多效唑（PP333，15%粉剂）、处理2喷矮壮素（CCC，50%水剂），用量分别为600g·hm-2和1000mL·hm-2，处理3将多效唑和矮壮素浓度减半并复配后进行喷施（P+C），以喷清水为对照（CK），于乳熟期对不同处理小麦的株高、重心高度、基部第二节间长度、直径、厚度、充实度和机械强度及小麦基部第二节间的木质素含量、纤维素含量、含氮量和碳氮比（C/N）进行观测，于成熟期调查各小区实际倒伏面积，计算抗倒指数和倒伏率，通过考种分析小麦产量和植株整齐度的关系。结果表明：在控制株高、基部第2节间长度和重心高度以及增加基部第2节间直径、厚度、充实度和机械强度方面，P+C处理最优，其次为PP333和CCC处理。在反映基部第2节间抗倒性能的生化指标如纤维素含量、木质素含量、C/N和含氮量指标方面，也以P+C最优，PP333次之，CCC较差。在抗倒伏方面，P+C处理的抗倒指数最高，田间未出现倒伏现象，其次为PP333处理，田间亦未出现倒伏，CCC抗倒指数最低，2008/2009和2009/2010年度两个小麦生长季田间倒伏率分别达到11.3%和6.7%。在大田长势均匀度方面，P+C处理的作用最强，显著高于CK，其次为PP333，CCC略差。在产量方面看，也表现出同样的规律，而且各处理小麦株高、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗重整齐度与产量间均呈极显著正相关关系。说明多效唑与矮壮素配合施用处理可显著提高大田小麦的长势均匀度并进而提高产量。

关键词: 多效唑, 矮壮素, 复配, 冬小麦, 抗倒性, 植株整齐度, 产量

Abstract: In 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter wheat growing seasons， experiments were conducted in experimental field to study the effects of chemical regulators on culm lodging resistance， plant uniformity， and winter wheat grain yield. Three treatments including in the experiments， i.e.， spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powders （PP333， 600g·ha-1）， 50% chormequat water aqua （CCC， 1000mL·ha-1）， combined PP333 with CCC （P+C， 300g·ha-1PP333 and 1000mL·ha-1 CCC）， and spraying water as control （CK） at recovery stage on 1st March. Plant height （PH）， culm height of gravity center （CHGC）， length of the 2nd basal internode （L）， outer diameter of the 2nd basal internode （OD）， wall thickness（WT）， filling degree （FD）， and culm mechanical strength （CMS）were investigated， and cellulose content， lignin content， nitrogen content， and C/N ratio of the 2nd basal internode were determined at milkripe stage; Meanwhile， the area of lodging was observed and culm lodging resistance index （CLRI） and lodging rate （LR） were calculated at maturity stage， and winter wheat grain yield and the relationship between the grain yield and plant uniformity was analyzed by spikes test. The results indicated that PH， L， and CHGC were reduced， and OD， WT， FD， CMS of the 2nd basal internode were increased in P+C treatment， then followed by PP333， and the lowest was CCC. As the indices of lodging resistance， the highest value of cellulose content， lignin content， C/N ratio was observed in P+C， then followed by PP333， and the lowest value was found in CCC. The CLRI was the highest in P+C treatment， followed by PP333， and the lowest was found in CCC treatment; Therere no lodging was found in both P+C and PP333 treatments， and the lodging rates in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter wheat growing seasons were 11.3% and 6.7%， respectively. The plant uniformity was significantly higher in P+C than in CK， then followed by PP333， and the lowest was found in CCC. The same rule was found in grain yield， and a significant positive correlation between grain yields and the uniformities of PH， spike length， number of spikelet per spike， and spike weight was found in P+C which gained the highest yield. Therefore， with plant uniformity enhanced， the winter wheat grain yield increased．

Key words: PP333, CCC, Combination, Winter wheat, Lodging resistance, Plant uniformity, Yield

王成雨，李静，张一，李金才，魏凤珍. 化控剂对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能、植株整齐度及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(02): 170-177.

WANG Cheng yu， LI Jing， ZHANG Yi， LI Jincai， WEI Fengzhen. Effects of Chemical Regulators on Culm Lodging Resistance,Plant Uniformity and Yield of Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(02): 170-177.

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