中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 609-618.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.05.002

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物种子包衣促进干旱条件下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长

姜雅文,解文艳,何久兴,龚民,霍秋燕,杨浠,韩伟,吕国华   

  1. 1.山西农业大学,晋中 030801;2.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081;3.山东省农业技术推广中心,济南 250013;4.农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 作者简介:姜雅文,E-mail:jiangyawen2024@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新专项项目(2023YFD2303100)

Microbial Seed Coating Promote Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Drought Stress Condition

JIANG Ya-wen, XIE Wen-yan, HE Jiu-xing, GONG Min, HUO Qiu-yan, YANG Xi, HAN Wei, LV Guo-hua   

  1. 1. Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; 2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agricultural, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 3. Shandong Agri-tech Extension Center, Jinan 250013; 4.National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-11-11 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-14

摘要:

干旱半干旱地区种子萌发期及苗期干旱胁迫是导致作物减产的重要因素,种际微环境调控是提高作物抗旱的重要技术措施之一。本文以‘济麦22’为供试材料,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis ACCC 19742)和巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus magaterium ACCC 04296)为供试菌种,采取微胶囊包埋技术封装菌种,对小麦种子进行包衣处理,设置枯草芽孢杆菌包衣(M)、巨大芽孢杆菌包衣(B)、枯草芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌复合包衣(MB)、无包衣对照(CK)4个处理,研究干旱胁迫下不同菌种包衣对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌复合包衣(MB)处理效果优于单一菌种包衣M处理和B处理,显著提高小麦种子发芽率、生物量和根冠比,与枯草芽孢杆菌包衣处理(M)相比,分别提高12.8个百分点、17.8%和5.3%;与巨大芽孢杆菌包衣处理(B)相比,分别提高15.3个百分点、14.7%和5.7%。MB处理与对照组(CK)相比,发芽率提高25.9个百分点,生物量增加21.8%,根冠比显著增加9.8%;根总长、根总表面积和根总体积分别增加了37.5%、34.7%和84.3%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强;丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,脯氨酸(PRO)含量明显升高;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ值均大于CK处理,干旱胁迫下复合微生物种子包衣显著提高小麦的抗逆能力。综上可知,干旱胁迫下微生物种子包衣通过提高发芽率、促进根系生长和提高抗逆酶活性来应对环境胁迫,提高小麦抗旱性,且复合微生物包衣为最优方法。

关键词: 小麦, 种子包衣, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 巨大芽孢杆菌,

Abstract:

Drought stress at the germination and seedling stages is a key factor in reducing crop yields in arid and semiarid areas. Seeded surrounding microenvironment regulation is one of the important technical measures to improve crop drought resistance. In this paper, wheat (Jimai 22) was selected as the experimental variety, while Bacillus subtilis ACCC 19742 and Bacillus magaterium ACCC 04296 were chosen as the experimental strains. The bacteria were encapsulated using microencapsulation. Wheat seeds coated with bacterial microcapsulation were investigated for seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress. Four treatments were established: Bacillus subtilis coatied (M), Bacillus megaterium coatied (B), Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium compound coatied (MB), and uncoated treatment (CK). The results showed that the compound bacterial coating had the best effect than the single-strain coatings. The ratio of emergency, above ground dry weight and root-shoot ratio were significantly improved, increased by 12.8 percentage points, 17.8% and 5.3% compared with M treatment, while 15.3 percentage points, 14.7% and 5.7% compared with B treatment. Compared with CK treatment, ratio of emergency was increased by 25.9 percentage points, above ground dry weight increased by 21.8%, root-shoot ratio increased by 9.8%, and total root length, surface area and total volume increased by 37.5%, 34.7% and 84.3% respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase from micrococcus lysodeikticus (CAT) significantly increased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased, but the content of proline (PRO) obviously increased. Fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ were both larger than that of CK treatment, which showed that coating with composite bacteria could improve the drought resistance significantly. In summary, seed coatied with bacterial microencapsulation can promote seed emergence, root growth, and stress-tolerant enzyme activity in drought stress conditions to increase drought tolerance. Moreover, a compound microbial coating is the optimal method.

Key words: Wheat, Microbial seed coatings, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megamegavis, Enzyme