干旱对冬小麦光合、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362. 2015.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在大田人工防雨棚下小麦田中，设置充分灌溉（CK，土壤相对湿度为80%）、干旱处理1（T1，土壤相对湿度为40%）和干旱处理2（T2，土壤相对湿度为60%）3种供水条件，研究不同程度干旱对冬小麦叶片各生育期光合作用相关生理指标、渗透调节物质、膜脂过氧化以及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，T1处理组气体交换参数、光合色素含量随发育期的推进均表现为先略升高后大幅下降。同时，干旱条件下冬小麦启动自身保护机制，具体表现为可溶性糖、丙二醛含量持续升高，可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性等则呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势；T2处理组各参数变化趋势总体上与T1处理一致，但其升高和降低幅度有所减弱。可见，不同程度干旱条件下，冬小麦通过增加渗透调节物质含量在一定程度上减缓了水分散失，但至生育后期已不能满足自身对水分的需求；通过增强抗氧化系统酶活性消除了部分活性氧，但活性氧含量仍不断增加，最终造成膜脂过氧化加剧、膜透性增加、叶绿素降解、光合速率降低、叶片衰老加速。

关键词: 净光合速率, 气孔导度, 可溶性糖, 可溶性蛋白, 丙二醛

Abstract: Sufficient water supply (CK, soil relative water content, SRWC, 80%) with two drought stress treatments (T1, SRWC 40% and T2, SRWC 60%) was set under field conditions by using large moving waterproof canopy. The effects of drought stress on photosynthetic physiology, osmotic adjustment substance content, membrane lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidase were investigated. The result showed that gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll contents dramatically decreased after a slightly increased along with winter wheat development stage of T1 treatment. Then the protection mechanism of winter wheat was booted as the content of soluble sugar and malondialdehyde kept increasing under T1 treatment, and the content of soluble protein, free proline content, and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) decreased after a first rose under T1 treatment. The performances of T2 treatment were similar to T1 with a more slight variation. The results indicated that although by increased osmotic adjustment substance content could mitigate water loss under different water deficit conditions. Water still can’t meet wheat’s demand at the late growth stage. The increasing of antioxidase activities could quench more reactive oxygen but the reactive oxygen still increased, which lead membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane permeability increased. The chlorophyll degraded, photosynthesis rate decreased and the leaf senescence aggravated.

Key words: Net photosynthesis rate, Stomatal conductance, Soluble sugar, Soluble protein, Malondialdehyde

胡程达，刘荣花，王秀萍，刘忠阳，李彤宵. 干旱对冬小麦光合、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(05): 602-611.

HU Cheng-da, LIU Rong-hua, WANG Xiu-ping, LIU Zhong-yang, LI Tong-xiao. Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic, Osmotic Adjustment Substance and Antioxidase Activities of Winter Wheat Level[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(05): 602-611.

参考文献

[1]秦大河,丁一汇,王绍武,等.中国西部环境变化与对策建议[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(3):314-319.
Qin D H,Ding Y H,Wang S W,et al.Ecological and environmental change in west china and its response strategy[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(3):314-319.(in Chinese)
[2]Villegas D,Aparicio N,Blanco R.Biomass accumulation and main stem elongation of durum wheat grown under Mediterranean conditions[J].Annals of Botany,2001,88: 617- 627.
[3]John H M,Thornl E Y.Modelling shoot,root relations:the only way forward[J].Annals of Botany,1998,81:165-171.
[4]Koch K E.Carbohydrate-moldulated gene expression in plants[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiological Plant Molecular Biology,1996,47:509-540.
[5]李春香,王玮,李德全.长期水分胁迫对小麦生育中后期根叶渗透调节能力、渗透调节物质的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2001,21(5):924-930.
Li C X,Wang W,Li D Q.Effects of long-term water stress on osmotic adjustment and osmolytes in wheat roots and leaves[J].Acta Bot.Boreal,2001,21(5):924-930.(in Chinese)
[6]余卫东,赵国强,陈怀亮.气候变化对河南省主要农作物生育期的影响[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(1): 9-12.
Yu W D,Zhao G Q,Chen H L.Impacts of climate change on growing stages of main crops in Henan province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2007,28(1):9-12.(in Chinese)
[7]Delisle A J,Crouch M L.Seed storage protein transcription and mRNA levels in Brassica napus during development and in responses to exogenous abscisic acid[J].Plant Physiol,1989, 91(2):617-623.
[8]Zhang Q D,Liu H Q,Zhang J H.Effect of limited irrigation on winter wheat flag photosynthesis[J].Acta Agron Sin,2000, 26(6):869-873.
[9]蒋明义.水分胁迫下植物体内·OH的产生与细胞的氧化损伤[J].植物学报,1999,41(3):229-234.
Jiang M Y.Generation of hydroxyl radicals and its relation to cellular oxidative damage in plants subjected to water stress[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1999,41(3):229-234(in Chinese).
[10]Matthew R,Fernanda D,Richard T.Drought-adaptive traits derived from wheat wild relatives and landraces[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(2):177-186.
[11]袁永慧,邓西平.干旱与复水对冬小麦光合和产量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(7):1250-1254.
Yuan Y H,Deng X P.Effect of deficit and rewatering on wheat photosynthesis and yield[J].Acta Bot Boreal,2004, 24(7):1250-1254.(in Chinese)
[12]胡程达,杨光仙,成林.干旱对冬小麦光合产物积累和分配的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(3): 243-249.
Hu C D,Yang G X,Cheng L.Effects of drought on distribution and accumulation of photosynthetic matter in winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014,35(3):243-249.(in Chinese)
[13]Manschadi A M,Christopher J,Dewoil P,et al.The role of root architectural traits in adaptation of wheat to water-limited environments[J].Functional Plant Biology, 2006,33(9):823-837.
[14]Maurel C.Aquaporins and water permeability of plant membranes[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol-Biol, 1997,48(6):399-429.
[15]陈善福,舒庆尧.植物耐干旱胁迫的生物学机理及其基因工程研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5): 555-560.
Chen S F,Shu Q Y.Biological mechanism of and genetic engineering for drought stress tolerance in plants[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1999,16(5):555-560.(in Chinese)
[16]张立军,樊金娟.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
Zhang L J,Fan J J.Principle and technology of plant physiological and biochemical[M].Beijing: China Agricultural University Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[17]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:145-148.
Li H S.The principle and technology of plant physiology and biochemistry experiment[M].Bejing: Higher Education Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[18]Bates L S,Waldren R P,Teare I D.Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies[M].Plant and Soil,1973, 39:205-207.
[19]许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002:57-61.
Xu D Q.The efficiency of photosynthesis[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Science Press,2002:57-61.(in Chinese).
[20]程炳浩.植物生理和农业研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
Cheng B H.Research on plant physiology?and agriculture[M]. Beijing:China?Agriculture Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[21]Price A H,Atherton N,Hendry G F.Plants under drought stress generate active oxygen[J]. Free Rad Res Commun, 1989,8(1):62-66.
[22]Eskling M,Arvidsson P O,Akerlund H E.The xanhophyll cycle its regulation and components[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 1997,100:806-816.
[23]Wang Y J,Ye J Y.The protective effects of pyocyanine against photoinhibition in Spinach chloroplasts[J].Acta phytophysiologica Sinica,1996,22(2):123-129.
[24]Xu C C,Li D Q,Zou Q,et al.Effect of drought on chloropyll fluorescence and xanthophyll cycles compentents in winter wheat leaves with different ages[J].Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica,1999,25(6):29-37.
[25]张其德,卢从明,刘丽娜,等.CO2 倍增对不同基因型大豆光合色素含量和荧光诱导动力学参数的影响[J].植物学报,1997,39(10):946-950.
Zhang Q D,Lu C M,Liu L N.The effect of different genotype soybean photosynthetic pigments content and kinetic fluorescence parameters under carbon dioxide multiply[J]. Journal of Plant,1997, 39(10):946-950.(in Chinese)
[26]朱永宁,张玉书,纪瑞鹏,等.干旱胁迫下3种玉米光响应曲线模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(1):3-7.
Zhu Y N,Zhang Y S,Ji R P,et al.Fitting light response curve of photosynthesis of maize under drought stress[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2012,43(1):3-7.(in Chinese)
[27]Serraj R,Sinclair T R.Osmolyte accumulation:can it really help increase crop yield under drought stress[J].Plant Cell Environ,2002,25:333-341.
[28]Subrahmanyan D,Subash N,Haris A,et al.Influence of water stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to drought[J]. Photosynthetica,2006,44(1):125-129.
[29]赵博生,衣艳君,刘家尧.外源甜菜碱对干旱/盐胁迫下的小麦幼苗生长和光合功能的改善[J].植物学通报,2001,18(3): 378-380.
Zhao B S,Yi Y J,Liu J Y.Exogenous betaine improves the growth and photo-synthesis of wheat seedlings under drought/salt stress[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2001,18(3): 378-380.(in Chinese)
[30]Downton W J S.OA during water stress protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition[J].Plant Sci Lett,1983,30(2):137-143.
[31]洪法水,张帆.玉米幼苗萎蔫过程中某些理化性质变化的研究[J].西北植物学报,1999,19(1):71-75.
Hong F S,Zhang F.A study of physiological and biochemical characters in seedlings of maize under wilting[J].Acta Bot Boreal,1999,19(1):71-75.(in Chinese)
[32]Alia K V,Prasad S K,Saradhi P P.Effect of zine on free radicals and proline in Brassica and Cajanus[J]. Phytochemistry,1995, 39(8):45-47.
[33]Noctor G,Foyer C H.Ascorbate and glutathione:keeping active oxygen under control[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1998,49(6):249-279.
[34]Alonso R,Elvira S,Castillo F J,et al.Interactive effects of ozone and drought stress on pigments and activities of antioxidantive enzymes in Pinus halepensis[J].Pl Cell Env,2001,24: 905-916.
[35]Cala T A,Yud A,Kbarreno E.Chlorophyll a fluorescence Kantioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in tomato in response to ozone and benomyl[J].Environ Pollut,2001,115: 283-289.
[36]Yoshida M,Nouchi Y,Toyama S.Studies on the role of active oxygen in ozone in injury to plant cells：generation of active oxygen in rice protoplast exposed to ozone[J].Plant Sci, 1994,95(2):197-205.
[37]Dhindsa R S,Plumb-dhindsa P,Thorpe T A.Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and peroxidation,and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase[J].J EXP BOT,1981,32(6):93-101.
[38]Yomouch I N,Choudhuri M A.Chlorophyll degradation by peroxidase in parsley leaves[J].Jap. Soc.Hort.Sci,1985, 54(2):265.
[39]Cabuslay G S,Ito O,Alejar A A.Physiological evaluation of responses of rice to water deficit[J].Plant Science,2002, 163(4):815-827.
[40]Celikkol Akcay U,Ercan O,Kavas M,et al.Drought-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in peanut seedlings[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2010,61(1):21-28.
[41]郑有飞,胡程达,吴荣军,等.臭氧胁迫对冬小麦光合作用、膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学,2010,30(7): 1643-1651.
Zheng Y F,Hu C D,Wu R J,et al.Effects of ozone stress upon winter wheat photosynthesis,lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(7): 1643-1651.(in Chinese)
[42]Zhang J X,Kirham M B.Drought stress-induced changes in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase,and peroxidase in wheat species[J].Plant Cell Physiol,1994,35(5):785-791.