环境温度和CO2浓度升高对湖北早稻氮素含量及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用改进后的开顶式气室（OTC），大田原位模拟温度升高2℃和CO₂浓度增加60μL·L^-1的未来气候情景，观测其对湖北地区早稻植株全氮、土壤氮素及产量的影响。试验设置对照(CK)、增温（增2℃,IT）、增CO2 (增60μL·L^-1,IC)以及增温+CO^_₂（增2℃+增60μL·L^-1,IT+IC）4个处理，3次重复，随机区组排列，对早稻各生育期植株全氮含量、土壤NH4⁺-N和NO₃--N含量以及产量构成进行监测。结果表明：（1）温度和CO_²浓度升高以及二者同增会增加早稻生育早期（特别是分蘖期）植株体内全氮含量，分蘖期以后各处理间差异不显著，籽粒全氮含量差异亦不显著；土壤NH4⁺-N含量与植株全氮变化规律类似，在早稻生育早期，温度和CO_^₂浓度升高以及二者同增会增加土壤NH4⁺-N含量，分蘖期以后各处理间差异不显著；（2）温度升高使拔节期、成熟期土壤NO₃--N含量降低，抽穗期土壤NO₃--N含量增加；CO₂浓度增加会提高拔节期、成熟期，降低抽穗期土壤NO₃-N含量；（3）CO₂浓度升高，早稻增产13.4%，与CK差异极显著（P<0.01），而单独增温或增温+增CO₂处理早稻产量与CK差异不显著。

关键词: 开顶式气室, 温度, CO₂浓度, 土壤铵态氮, 硝态氮含量, 产量构成

Abstract:

Using a modified open-top chamber（OTC）method to simulate relative 60μL·L^-1 CO₂concentration increment and 2℃ temperature rise scenario in early rice field to study their impacts on the plant total nitrogen, soil N concentration and yield in Hubei. The experimental design consisted of four treatments arranged in randomized blocks and three replicates. Treatments were as follows: (1)the control OTC(CK, ambient CO₂ concentration and temperature), (2)elevated air temperature by 2℃(IT), (3)elevated CO₂ concentration by 60μL·L^-1(IC), (4)air temperature increase by 2℃ plus 60μL·L^-1 CO₂ concentration elevated(IT+IC). Surveyed the plant total nitrogen content, soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, yield and yield components of early rice. The results showed that: (1)there was a significant increase on the plant total nitrogen content during the early growth periods (especially during tillering) when atmospheric temperature and CO₂concentration rose alone and the two of them rose synchronously, but there were no obvious differences after tillering, so did the soil ammonium nitrogen. (2)Elevated temperature had a significant decrease on nitrate nitrogen content during jointing, maturity stage, and it would increase heading stage’s, while it would have a positive effect on nitrate nitrogen during jointing, maturity stage, and have a negative impact on it when CO₂ concentration elevated. (3)Compared to the control, there was a significant increase on early rice grain yield by 13.4% when CO₂ concentration rose, while there were no differences when only temperature rose or CO₂concentration elevated alone.

Key words: Open-top chamber, Temperature, CO₂concentration, Soil ammonium nitrogen, Soil nitrate nitrogen, Yield components

蔡威威，艾天成，万运帆,李健陵，郭晨. 环境温度和CO₂浓度升高对湖北早稻氮素含量及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(02): 231-237.

CAI Wei-wei, AI Tian-cheng,WAN Yun-fan,LI Jian-ling, GUO Chen. Influence of Elevated Atmospheric Temperature and CO2 Concentration on Plant and Soil N Concentration and Yield of Early Rice in Hubei[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(02): 231-237.

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环境温度和CO₂浓度升高对湖北早稻氮素含量及产量的影响

Influence of Elevated Atmospheric Temperature and CO2 Concentration on Plant and Soil N Concentration and Yield of Early Rice in Hubei

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