花期低温寡照对番茄开花坐果特性及果实品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“金粉5号”番茄为试材，在人工气候箱内设置4个低温寡照处理，即14/4℃（日最高/最低温度）400μmol·m-2·s-1（光合有效辐射PAR），14/4℃200μmol·m-2·s-1，12/2℃400μmol·m-2·s-1，12/2℃ 200μmol·m-2·s-1，每个处理持续时间均分别为2、4、6、8、10d，以适宜生长条件25/18℃800μmol·m-2·s-1为对照（CK)，观察番茄开花、坐果特性，并测定果实产量及品质等指标。结果表明：（1）低温寡照胁迫使番茄现蕾和开花速度明显减慢，且胁迫程度越强增长速度越慢，12/2℃200μmol·m-2·s-1处理不同天数后单株花蕾增长数均为0，开花数也最少，处理6d后才有新开花朵，为每株0.33朵。（2）番茄坐果数随处理时间呈“S”型变化，低温寡照处理4d以上番茄植株的坐果期明显延迟，其中12/2℃400μmol·m-2·s-1处理10d的坐果时间最晚，较CK延迟了10.5d。（3）低温寡照胁迫下，番茄畸形果发生率随胁迫程度的加深而增加，单株产量与处理天数呈负相关关系，其中不同低温寡照处理2d对番茄产量无明显影响，而处理8d以上的番茄减产率则达到70%以上。（4）同一温度相同处理天数下，果实的维生素C、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比随PAR的减弱而减小，而在相同PAR和相同处理天数下，维生素C、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比随处理温度的降低而降低；有机酸含量则呈相反趋势。

关键词: 低温寡照, 开花坐果特性, 产量, 畸形果, 果实品质

Abstract:

The experiment of four treatments with low temperature and weak light on tomato was conducted in growth chamber taking “Jinfen 5” as material. The treatments included, 14/4℃ (maximum/minimum temperature, Tmax/Tmin)×400μmol·m-2·s-1 (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR), 14/4℃×200μmol·m-2·s-1, 12/2℃× 400μmol·m-2·s-1, 12/2℃×200μmol·m-2·s-1. Each treatment time was 2d, 4d, 6d, 8d, and 10d, respectively. The control (CK) was Tmax/Tmin 25/18℃, PAR 800μmol·m-2·s-1. The flowering and fruiting characteristic was recorded, and the yield and fruit quality was determined. The results showed that low temperature and weak light made the growth rate of buds and flowers delay significantly, and the stronger the stress level, the slower the growth rate. The bud number of the treatment (Tmax/Tmin 12/2℃, PAR 200μmol·m-2·s-1) was 0 during the whole treatment stage, and its flower number was the minimum, only 0.33 per plant during the whole treatment period. The number of tomato fruit showed an S curve with the time prolonged. The fruit-setting period was delayed significantly, when the treatment (Tmax/Tmin was 12/2℃, PAR was 400μmol·m-2·s-1) continued for 10 days, its fruit-setting period was delayed 10.5d than the CK. The tendency of malformed fruit increased as the degree of stress treatment. The yield and treatment time had a negative correlation. The yield reduction rate of tomato under low temperature and weak light reached more than 70% after 8 days, while there was no obvious effect on tomato yield under low temperature and weak light treatment within 2 days. Under the same temperature and the same treatment time, vitamin C, soluble solid content, and the ratio of sugar and acid decreased with the decline of PAR. Under the same PAR and treatment time, vitamin C, soluble solid content, and the ratio of sugar and acid decreased with the decline of temperature. However, the change trend of organic acid was inconsistent with vitamin C, soluble solid content, and the ratio of sugar and acid.

Key words: Low temperature and weak light, Flowering and fruiting characteristics, Yield, Malformed fruit, Fruit quality

朱丽云，杨再强，李军，王琴. 花期低温寡照对番茄开花坐果特性及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(07): 456-465.

ZHU Li-yun, YANG Zai-qiang, LI Jun, WANG Qin. Effect of Low Temperature and Weak Light at Flowering Stage on Flower-Fruit Characteristics of Tomato[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(07): 456-465.

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