典型高温年分期播种冬小麦生育及产量性状差异性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.09.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在2016/2017年度自然高温年景下进行冬小麦分期播种实验，以适期晚播以来冬小麦多年平均播期（10月10日）为对照，设早播10d（E10）、迟播10d（L10）、迟播20d（L20）处理。通过方差分析、卡方检验、最小显著性差异和Logistic方程模拟等方法，对分期播种冬小麦发育期、生长量及产量因素等进行差异性分析，探究冬小麦在全球气候变暖背景下的适播期及其生长发育和产量性状变化规律。结果表明：不同播期处理的冬小麦冬前各发育期差异较大，越冬后随着气温升高，各播期冬小麦发育进程趋于一致；随着播期推迟，冬前积温递减趋势明显，冬小麦株高、绿叶面积和植株密度等生长要素均呈明显降低或减小趋势，冬小麦结实小穗数和不孕小穗数亦呈极显著减少趋势，各播期穗粒数则差异不显著；不同播期冬小麦千粒重差异极显著，其中早播10d处理极显著低于对照，迟播冬小麦处理与对照差异不显著；对照处理冬小麦产量最高；不同播期处理冬小麦灌浆过程均符合Logistic生长规律，对照籽粒渐增期持续时间长于其它处理，利于冬小麦增加籽粒“库容”，籽粒快增期灌浆速率快，利于提高粒重；随着播期的推迟，灌浆速率和持续时间的变化无明显规律，对照处理冬小麦灌浆过程相对稳定。

关键词: 高温, 冬小麦, 灌浆过程, Logistic曲线, 不同播期, 产量差异

Abstract: The experimental data of winter wheat stage sowing under natural high-temperature conditions in 2016-2017 was used to analyze the differences in stages of sowing, growth and yield factors by variance analysis, chi?square test, least significant difference, and Logistic equation simulation. The results showed that the winter wheat in different sowing dates had large differences in development stages before winter. After wintering, with the increase of temperature, the development of winter wheat in each sowing date tended to be consistent. With the delay of sowing date, the accumulated temperature decrease trend was obvious before winter, the growth factors such as plant height, green leaf area and plant density showed a significant decrease tendency. The fertile spikelets and infertile spikelets of winter wheat showed a significantly decreasing trend, and the number of grains per panicle had no significant difference. The 1000?grain weight of winter wheat was extremely significant difference in different sowing dates. Among them, 1000-grain weight of in advance 10 days sowing was significantly lower than that of the control treatment, and postponed sowing was not significantly different from the control treatment. The yield of control treatment was the highest. The grain filling process of winter wheat was consistent with Logistic growth law in different sowing dates. For control treatment, the grain increasing period was longer than that of other sowing dates, which will help increase the grain “storage capacity” of winter wheat, and the grain filling rate was fast in the fast growing period, which helps to increase the grain weight. With the delay of the sowing date, there was no obvious regularity in the variation of the filling rate and duration, and the filling process of the control treatment was relatively stable.

Key words: High temperature, Winter wheat, Grain filling process, Logistic curve, Different sowing dates, Yield difference

信志红，郭建平，谭凯炎. 典型高温年分期播种冬小麦生育及产量性状差异性分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(09): 601-610.

XIN Zhi-hong，GUO Jian-ping，TAN Kai-yan. Differences in Growth and Yield Traits for Winter Wheat under Different Sowing Dates in Typical High Temperature Year[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(09): 601-610.

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