浙江地区甬优15直播稻的最佳播期分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“甬优15”水稻为材料，于2017年在浙江龙游农业气象试验站进行5个播期的分期播种试验（A1：5月5日，A2：5月15日，A3：5月25日，A4：6月4日，A5：6月14日），分析播期对直播稻叶面积指数（LAI）、光合生产、群体干物质积累和转移以及产量的影响。结果表明：适宜播期（A2，5月15日）下，直播稻LAI、群体光合势、群体生长率高，群体干物质积累多，地上部干物质的输出量和转化率大，A2地上部营养器官干物质输出量和转换率分别比A1、A3、A4、A5高7.87%、15.29%、49.43%、56.43%和5.59%、13.18%、28.60%和39.83%。与当地常年单季晚稻适宜播种日期（5月25日）相比，适当早播（5月15日）可增加直播稻的有效穗数、结实率及穗粒数，提高水稻产量，其中A2产量最高（为8879.70kg·hm-2），分别比A1、A3、A4和A5高392.10、610.20、1445.85和2085.15kg·hm-2。由此可见，甬优15在浙江龙游最佳直播期为5月中旬，偏早或偏迟（5月上旬或5月下旬）播种均将导致减产，而过迟播种（6月及以后）将导致产量严重降低。

关键词: 直播稻, 播期, 光合势, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

To reveal the impacts of sowing date on dry matter accumulation and yield composition of direct seeding rice, an experiment with five sowing dates was conducted at the agrometeorological experimental station of Longyou in Zhejiang province in 2017, in which the rice variety of Yongyou15 was used. The five sowing dates were May 5 (denoted as A1), May 15 (denoted as A2), May 25 (denoted as A3), June 4 (denoted as A4) and June 14 (denoted as A5). During the experiment, the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic production, dry matter accumulation and transfer, and the characteristics of rice yield were observed and analyzed to examine their relationships with sowing dates. The results showed that under the optimum sowing date (A2), the LAI, the photosynthetic potential, the growth rate of the rice were higher than that of other sowing dates. The output and conversion rates of the dry matter accumulation were also higher. The dry matter output of A2 was 7.87%, 15.29%, 49.43% and 56.43% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. The matter conversion rate of A2 was 5.59%, 13.18%, 28.60% and 39.83% higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. Compared with the optimum sowing date (May 25) of local single cropping of late rice, proper early sowing could increase the effective panicle number, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle which finally contribute to the rice yield of direct-sowing rice. As a result, the yield of A2 reached 8879.70kg·ha-1, about 392.10, 610.20, 1445.85 and 2085.15 kg·ha-1 higher than that of A1, A3, A4 and A5 respectively. It concluded that the optimum sowing date of Yongyou 15 with direct-sowing cultivation in Longyou region is in the middle of May. Earlier or later planting (in early May or late May) may lead to a decline in rice production, sowing in June or even later could result in a significant decrease in the final yield.

Key words: Direct-seeding rice, Sowing date, Photosynthetic potential, Dry matter accumulation, Yield

江晓东，吕润，金志凤，毛智军，李建业，杨沈斌，郭建茂. 浙江地区甬优15直播稻的最佳播期分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(01): 33-40.

JIANG Xiao-dong, LV Run, JING Zhi-feng, MAO Zhi-jun, LI Jian-ye, YANG Shen-bin, GUO Jian-mao. Analyzing on the Optimum Direct-sowing Date for Yongyou15 Rice Variety in Zhejiang Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(01): 33-40.

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