Changes of Physiological Indices of Jujube Branches under Process of Low Temperature and Freeze Injury

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Two cold-resistant jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill) varieties (named Junzao and Huizao) were selected to carry out the experiment in middle ten days of January 2014, which were subjected to low temperature stress at five different grades (-18, -21, -24 and -27℃, as well as -10℃ as the reference temperature) for periods of 5h, 12h and 24h simulating experiments(total of 15 treatments). The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of basic fluorescence(Fo) and photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), physiological indices of relative electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances, were measured after recovering 24h from the experiment process at -10℃, to analyze the change of physiological indexes of jujube branches under process of low temperature and freeze injury. The results indicated that, the basic fluorescence (Fo) increased greatly, and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased greatly as the low temperature dropped. The relative electrical conductivity of branches increased gradually as the low temperature dropped, and increased significantly at -24℃ treatment. The change of relative electrical conductivity was significant at 24h duration of low temperature and freeze injury treatment, and the variation range on Junzao was smaller than it on Huizao. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content, which was the lipid peroxidation product, and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, which was the protective enzyme, increased all greatly as the low temperature dropped, and then decreased all slightly at -27℃ treatment after reaching the peak value at -24℃ treatment. The changes of MDA content and SOD activity at 12h duration were all significant among the periods of 5-24h simulating experiments. The variation range of MDA content on Junzao was smaller than it on Huizao, and variation range of SOD activity on Junzao was more active than it on Huizao. The proline and soluble sugar content, which were the osmotic adjustment substances, increased all greatly as the low temperature dropped, and then decreased all slightly after reaching the peak value at -24℃ treatment. The changes of 12h duration were all significant among the periods of 5-24h simulating experiments, and the variation ranges of them on Junzao were higher than that of Huizao. Results showed that the different physiological process were inspired and induced by low temperature, and by applying the dynamic variation of physiological process to reply synthetically the influence of low temperature and freeze injury on jujube tree.

Key words: Jujube tree, Low temperature, Duration time, Physiological character, Influence process

JI Chun-rong，LIU Hai-rong，LUO Ji，YANG Ming-feng，FAN Jin-xia，ZOU Chen. Changes of Physiological Indices of Jujube Branches under Process of Low Temperature and Freeze Injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(05): 545-554.

References

[1]刘敬强,瓦哈甫·哈力克,哈斯穆·阿比孜,等.新疆特色林果业种植对气候变化的响应[J].地理学报,2013,68(5):708-720.

Liu J Q,Wahap H L K,Hasm A B Z,et al.Responses of characteristic horticulture plant of climate change of Xinjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(5):708-720.(in Chinese)

[2]新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.

Statistics Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Xinjiang statistical yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2015. (in Chinese)

[3]张山清,普宗朝,李景林,等.气候变化对新疆红枣种植气候区划的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):713-721.

Zhang S Q,Pu Z C,Li J L,et al.Impact of climate change on the division of jujube planting zones in Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(6):713-721.(in Chinese)

[4]管芩澜.新疆红枣发展现状与对策研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010:8-27.

Guan Q L.Study on the potential and strategy to develop jujube in Xinjiang province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2010:8-27.(in Chinese)

[5]王江波,王合理,吴翠云,等.十个引种红枣品种的抗寒性比较研究[J].北方园艺,2014,(12):18-20.

Wang J B,Wang H L,Wu C Y,et al.Comparative study on cold resistance of ten varieties of introduced Ziziphus jujube Mill[J].Norther Horticulture,2014,(12):18-20.(in Chinese)

[6]曹慧明,史作民,周晓波,等.植物对低温环境的响应及其抗寒性研究综述[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(2):310-314.

Cao H M,Shi Z M,Zhou X B,et al.A review on response of plant to low temperature and its cold resistance[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(2):310-314.(in Chinese)

[7]杨建民,周怀军,王文凤.果树霜冻害研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2000,23(3):54-58.

Yang J M,Zhou H J,Wang W F.A review of frost and freeze disaster on fruit tree[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei.2000,23(3):54-58.(in Chinese)

[8]Blödner C,Skroppa T,Johnsen E,et al.Freezing tolerance in Norway spruce (Picea abies L) progenies is physiologically correlated with drought tolerance[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162:549-558.

[9]Meng Q R,Liang Y Q,Wang W F,et al.Study on super-cooling point and freezing point in floral organs of apricot[J]. Agriculture Science China,2007,(6):1330-1335.

[10]相昆,张美勇,徐颖,等.不同核桃品种耐寒性综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2325- 2330.

Xiang K,Zhang M Y,Xu Y,et al.Cold tolerance of walnut cultivars:a comprehensive evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(9):2325-2330.(in Chinese)

[11]王晓玲,胡亚岚,毛丽衡.不同枣品种抗寒性的比较[J].北方园艺,2012,(19):1-3.

Wang X L,Hu Y L,Mao L H.Research on resistance to coldness of different Jujube varieties[J].Norther Horticulture, 2012,(19):1-3.(in Chinese)

[12]Ferguson J C,Tarara J M,Mills L J,et al.Dynamic thermal time model of cold hardiness for dormant grapevine buds[J].Annals of Botany,2011,107:389-396.

[13]Tsarouhas A,Kenney W A,Zsuffa L.Application of two electrical methods for the rapid assessment of freezing resistance in Salix eriocephala[J].Biomass Bioenergy,2000, (19):165-175.

[14]王景红,刘璐,高峰,等.陕西富士系苹果花期霜冻灾害气象指标的修订[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(1):50-56.

Wang J H,Liu L,Gao F,et al.Revision on meteorological indices of florescence frost disaster for Fuji apple in Shaanxi province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(1):50-56.(in Chinese)

[15]Dami I E,Ennahli S,Zhang Y.Assessment of winter injury in grape cultivars and pruning strategies following a freezing stress event[J].American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2012,63:106-111.

[16]陈惠,杨凯,林晶,等.枇杷幼果冻害低温等级指标的确定[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(1):91-97.

Chen H,Yang K,Lin J,et al.Dertermination of frozen injury grade index for young fruit of loquat[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(1):91-97.(in Chinese)

[17]谭宗琨,丁美花,杨鑫,等.利用MODIS监测2008年初广西甘蔗的寒害冻害[J].气象,2010,36(4):116-119.

Tan Z K,Ding M H,Yang X,et al.Monitoring the chilling and freezing injuries of sugarcane in Guangxi early 2008 by use of EOS/MODIS data[J].Meteorological Monthly, 2010, 36(4):116-119.(in Chinese)

[18]夏丽花,张立多,林河富,等.福建省冬季果树冻害低温预报预警[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(2):221-225.

Xia L H,Zhang L D,Lin H F,et al.Prediction and early warning of fruit tree freezing damage in winter due to low temperature in Fujian province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2007,28(2):221-225.(in Chinese)

[19]王加义,陈惠,夏丽花,等.基于离海距和GIS技术的福建低温精细监测[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(1):96-103.

Wang J Y,Chen H,Xia L H,et al.Monitoring of low temperature in Fujian based on the disaster to the coastline and GIS technology[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2012,23(1):96-103.(in Chinese)

[20]黄川容,陈家金,郑东旗,等.福建番木瓜引种的寒冻害风险评估[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):85-90.

Huang C R,Chen J J,Zheng D Q,et al.Risk assessment of cold and freezing damage on papaya introduction in Fujian provinec[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014, 35(1): 85-90.(in Chinese)

[21]普宗朝,张山清,李景林,等.1961-2010年新疆不同保证率极端最低气温变化分析[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):10-16.

Pu Z C,Zhang S Q,Li J L,et al.Analysis of different guarantee rate extreme minimum temperature variation in Xinjiang during 1961-2010[J].Chinese Journal of Agromete- orology, 2014,35(1):10-16.(in Chinese)

[22]Zhang Z J,Qian W H.Identifying regional prolonged low temperature events in China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2011,28(2):338-351.

[23]李健,刘映宁,李美荣,等.陕西果树花期低温冻害特征及防御对策[J].气象科技,2008,36(3):318-322.

Li J,Liu Y N,Li M R,et al.Low temperature and freezing injury to fruit trees at bloom stage in Shaanxi and countermeasures[J].Meteorological Science and Technology, 2008,36(3):318-322.(in Chinese)

[24]郑小琴,杨金文,洪国平,等.台湾软枝杨桃低温冻害分析及防冻效果评估[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(18):403-408.

Zheng X Q,Yang J W,Hong G P,et al.Low temperature freezing disaster and anti-freezing evaluation of Taiwan soft-branch star fruit[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009,25(18):403-408.(in Chinese)

[25]Griffith M,Lumb C H,Wiseman S B,et al.Antifreeze proteins modify the freezing process in plant[J].Plant Physiology, 2005,138:330-340.

[26]Wang Y L,Liao K,Liu J,et al.Changes of contents of osmosis substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in grape vines during cold exercise period before over-wintering[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2006,23(3):375-378.

[27]Warmund M R,Guinan P,Fernandez G.Temperatures and cold damage to small fruit crops across the eastern U.S. associated with the April 2007 freeze[J].Hort Science, 2008,43:1-5.

[28]Yue H,Li G H,Li G W,et al.Studies on cold resistance of different macadamia cultivars[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2010,37(1):31-38.

[29]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.

Zhang S R.A discussion on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and their significance[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1999,16(4):444-448.(in Chinese)

[30]Ilana U B,Rafael V R,Marisa A,et al.Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool to evaluate the ripening of golden papaya fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2004, 33:163-173.

[31]郑国华,潘东明,牛先前,等.冰核细菌对低温胁迫下枇杷光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(6):1251-1255.

Zheng G H,Pan D M,Niu X Q,et al.Effect of low temperature stress and INA bacteria on parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in loquat leaf[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010, 18(6): 1251-1255.(in Chinese)

[32]张子山,张立涛,高辉远,等.不同光强与低温交叉胁迫下黄瓜PSI与PSII的光抑制研究[J].中国农业科学,2009, 42(12):4288-4293.

Zhang Z S,Zhang L T,Gao H Y,et al.Research of the photoinhibition of PSI and PSII in leaves of cucumber under chilling stress combined with different light intensities[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009, 42(12):4288- 4293.(in Chinese)

[33]温克刚,史玉光.中国气象灾害大典(新疆卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.

Wen K G,Shi Y G.China meteorological disasters ceremory (Xinjiang)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2006.(in Chinese)

[34]李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.

Li H S,Sun Q,Zhao S J,et al.The experiment principle and technique on plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)