Yield Differences and its Causes for One Season Rice Under Different Sowing Dates in Typical High Temperature Year

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.02.007

Abstract

Abstract: In order to reveal the impacts of high temperature on rice yield, an interval sowing experiment was conducted with Nanjing 45 as experiment material, at agro-meteorological experimental station in Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in 2013. Three sowing dates were April 30 (the first sowing date, denoted as No.1), May 15 (the second sowing date, denoted as No.2) and May 31 (the third sowing date, denoted as No. 3) respectively. During the experiment, the characteristics of rice yield and yield components, yield contribution factors, dry matter transportation from stem and leaf to panicle during grain filling stage, and harvest index (HI) to high temperature were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the yield increased with sowing date postponing. Yield differences between No.1 and the other two reached 0.05 significant level and yield of No.1 was less than No.2 and No.3 by 3495.08 kg·ha-1 and 6319.58 kg·ha-1 respectively. As for yield components, seed setting rate difference between No.1 and the other two reached 0.05 significant level, and 1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle differences among the three reached 0.05 significant level. In general, the main performance of high temperature was to decrease seed setting rate and grain number per panicle. (2) The contribution amount of three contribution factors (dry weight of panicle at end of heading, P0; newly assimilated dry matter during grain filling stage, ΔW; dry matter transferred from stem and leaf to panicle during grain filling stage, ΔT) all increased with the sowing date postponing. The contribution rate of ΔW was the largest both in No.1 and No.3, while in No.2 contribution rate of ΔT was the largest. (3) The dry matter export rate (DMER) and transformation rate (DMTR) of stem were both twice more than that of leaf (except for the DMER in No.1). Among three sowing dates, the DMER and DMTR of leaf were the largest in No.1, but the smallest in No.3. The differences were 4.37% and 7.35% respectively. However, the DMER and DMTR of stem were both the smallest in No.1. (4) HI showed the same tendency as yield. With the sowing date postponing, the HI of No.3 showed the biggest (46.92%), then No.2 (39.60%), and No.1 showed the smallest (28.84%). So, choosing mid to late of May as the sowing date could help to alleviate the harm caused by high temperature and to ensure the yield of rice in 2013.

Key words: Rice, Interval sowing, High temperature stress, Yield contribution factors, Dry matter transportation

GUO Jian-mao, WU Yue, YANG Shen-bin, JIANG Xiao-dong, XIE Xiao-yan, WANG Jin-jie, SHEN Shuang-he. Yield Differences and its Causes for One Season Rice Under Different Sowing Dates in Typical High Temperature Year[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(02): 121-130.

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