Table of Content

10 August 2010, Volume 31 Issue 04

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Review on the Mechanism of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Its Influence Factors in Cropland Soils

WEI Xiao-bo1,HE Wen-qing2,LI Xiao-feng1,LIU En-ke2,LIU Shuang2(1.Guangxi Agricultural University,Nanning 530004,China;2.Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,MOA,Beijing 100081)

2010, 31(04):  487-494. 

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Nowadays the governments and scientists paid more attention to the environmental problems caused by global warming.As the source and sink of atmospheric CO2,the role of the soil carbon in the global carbon cycle was realized gradually.According to the previous researches over the world,the scientific progress was concluded,including the potential capacity and mechanism of soil carbon sequestration,influence factors as well.All research results showed that the cultivated land fertility was unstable;density soil organic carbon was lower.That meant there was big potential to soil carbon sequestration.So further research should be mainly focusing on the potential,process and mechanism of soil carbon sequestration,and then designed the reasonable and optimal agriculture management.

Sensitivity of Leaf Unfolding Date for Woody Plant to Temperature Variability in Spring in China's Eastern Monsoonal Region

XIE Ying-ying1,LU Pei-ling1,YU Qiang2(1.College of Forest,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101)

2010, 31(04):  495-500. 

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The sensitivity and sensitive periods of leaf unfolding dates of woody plant to climate change in China's eastern monsoonal region were analyzed.Four tree species(Salix babylonica L.,Hibiscus syriacus L.,Robinica pseudoacacia L.,Firmiana platanifolia(Linn.f.) Marsili) in China's different sites for variation of leaf unfolding dates in response to variability of temperature in spring were investigated.Phenological and meteorological data from 1963 to 1988 were examined using unitary correlation.The results showed that leaf unfolding dates became significantly earlier and the interannual variation increased with the latitude.The periods during February and April were the significant sensitive periods of leaf unfolding dates to temperature in spring,which were shorter in the north area(10-40 days) and longer in the south area(40-60 days).The correlations between leaf unfolding dates and spring temperature were significantly negative.The sensitivities of leaf unfolding dates to temperature in the south area(3.3-9.0 days/℃) were higher than that in the north area(1.6-5.6 days/℃).The sensitivities of leaf unfolding dates to climate change were different for specific species and different regions.

Impact of Heat Island Effect and Relocation on Temperature Sequence at Dong'e Station

LI You-jun1,Lü-bo1,ZHANG Rong-xia1,SUN Pei-liang1,WANG De-jin2(1.Liaocheng Meteorological Bureau,Liaocheng 252060,China;2.Dong'e Meteorological Bureau,Dong'e 252201)

2010, 31(04):  501-506. 

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To reveal the impact of Heat Island Effect and relocation on temperature sequence at Dong'e meteorological observation station,the variation trend of temperature sequence was analyzed by linear tendency estimator method and cumulative departure method,the abrupt change of annual average temperature was tested by using the method of Mann-Kendall,based on the data(1960-2009) of annual average temperature,annual average maximum temperature and annual average minimum temperature at Dong'e meteorological observation station and three other stations nearby.The result showed that the annual average temperature of all stations increased during 1960 to 2007.But the linear regression coefficient of Dong'e,0.032,was greater than that of reference observation,0.010.The accumulation departure analysis showed that the average temperature of Dong'e has been increased significantly since 1986,as other stations increased significantly since 1994.The increasing rate of temperature was 0.25℃/10y during 1970 to 2007,partly because of the impact of Heat Island Effect.The abrupt change point of Dong'e was at 1988,as other stations were at 1993.Heat Island Effect disappeared because of station location changed in 2008.As a result,Urban Heat Island effect should be taken into consideration when used temperature data of Dong'e.Urban Heat Island Effect could be modified by using the equation y=0.0254x-0.0217.

Spatial-temporal Distribution of Precipitation in Anhui Province during Main Flood Season Based on Precipitation Concentration Degree

WANG Sheng1,SHI Lei2,XIE Wu-san1,CHENG Zhi1,DAI Juan1(1.Anhui Climate Center,Hefei 230031,China;2.Anhui Meteorological Bureau,Hefei 230061)

2010, 31(04):  507-511. 

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Based on the precipitation data from June to August of Anhui province during 1961-2009,the spatial-temporal distribution and variation of precipitation were analyzed by using the Precipitation Concentration Degree(PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period(PCP) in main flood season,and the PCD were compared between more precipitation year and less precipitation year.The results showed that the PCD and PCP could quantitatively represent the non-uniformity properties of the precipitation spatial-temporal distribution.The spatial distribution increasing trend of PCD and PCP were obvious from south to north over Anhui province during main flood season;the inter-annual and inter-decadal variations of PCD and PCP were obvious.EOF analysis showed that the ratio of the front three eigenvectors with total square error was 57%.The first eigenvector represented the conformity PCD variation over Anhui province,the second eigenvector represented the reverse PCD variation between the south and north,and the third eigenvector showed that the reverse PCD variation between south-north and the central region.The synthetic analysis showed that the PCD in more precipitation years was greater than that in less precipitation years,and the PCP was smaller than in the less precipitation years.The gravity of precipitation and its corresponding periods could be extracted by using the PCD and PCP method,which could provided the basis for the formation mechanism of extreme precipitation events.

Characteristics of Concentrative Precipitation in Jiangxi Province

YANG Ai-ping,DU Xiao-ling(Jiangxi Meteorological Observatory,Nanchang 330046,China)

2010, 31(04):  512-516. 

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According to the definition of concentrative precipitation in meteorological disaster indexes of double cropping rice in Jiangxi province,the characteristics of concentrative precipitation during April to September in Jiangxi province from 1971 to 2008,including the variation of concentrated period of precipitation,occurrence times of concentrative precipitation and average rainfall per station,was analyzed,by using statistical and trend analysis method.The results showed that concentrative period of precipitation was mainly distributed in the northeastern of Jiangxi each year,which was twice in the southwest,and usually happened from mid-June to early-July.The occurrence times of concentrative precipitation increased at the rate of 8.2/10y,and the average rainfall per station in concentrative period of precipitation increased at the rate of 3.7mm/10y.Both the occurrence times and the average rainfall per station in concentrative period of precipitation were more in the 1990s.And they were more from mid-June to early-July every year.

Trend Analysis of Long-term Temperature Time Series in the Area around Poyang Lake from 1961 to 2007

DING Ming-jun1,ZHENG Lin1,YANG Xu-chao2(1.key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research/Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Zhejiang Provice,Hangzhou 310017)

2010, 31(04):  517-521. 

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Based on observed data of the daily average,maximum and minimum temperature from 10 meteorological stations around Poyang lake from 1961 to 2007,the trends and the change-points of temperature were detected by using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Pettitt-Mann-Whitney change-point statistics.The major results could be summarized as follows: ①the annual mean of daily average,maximum and minimum temperature around Poyang lake displayed increasing trend,but the warming rate and significant level were different.The warming rate of the minimum temperature was about 0.247℃/10y and most significant,but the average and maximum temperature were not significant.②Except the winter mean of the daily maximum temperature,the other winter mean temperature increased significantly,followed by spring and autumn in sequence,but the change in summer was not significant.③Comparative analysis for the same period(1971-2004) showed that the warming trend around Poyang lake was according to that of China and global,but the warming rate(0.33℃/10y)was higher than that of China(0.21℃/10y)and global(0.15℃/10y).

Uncertainty Analysis of Vegetation Interface Processes(VIP) Model Based on GLUE

WANG Kun1,2,MO Xing-guo1,LIN Zhong-hui1,SHU Chang1,2(1.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,IGSNRR,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039)

2010, 31(04):  522-527. 

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There are many parameters in the ecosystem model.The variability of parameters at different space-time scales resulted in uncertainties.The uncertainty analysis of parameters could help to understand the structure of the model deeply and improve the reliability of the model predictions.The Vegetation Interface Processes(VIP) model is an ecohydrology dynamic model,which includs energy budget,hydrology cycle,absorption and transformation of carbon and nitrogen in the terrestrial ecosystem.In this paper,the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation(GLUE) methodology was used to analyze the uncertainty of the parameters.In the VIP model,we chose eight parameters,which came from the crop growth module,soil water dynamic process and photosynthesis module.An index of agreement was chosen to be the likelihood weight.The field data(LAI,biomass,soil water content etc.) in the North China Plain were used.The results showed that maximum catalytic activity of Rubisco,saturated water content and field capacity were sensitive parameters,which influenced the value of likelihood weight greatly.The others were non-sensitive parameters.Almost all the observations approached were included in the confidence interval with the 95% confidence level,which indicated that better simulations could be got by calibrating the model parameters.

Impact of Enclosure on the Vegetation Structure and Spectral Reflectance Characteristics in the Typical Steppe

WANG Ying-shun1,SHI Gui-hua1,HOU Qiong2,GUO Zhen-jie1,HE Xu-sheng1(1.Xilinhot National Climate Observing Station,Xilinhot 026000,Inner Mongolia,China;2.Meteorological Institute of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010051)

2010, 31(04):  528-532. 

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From July 2008 to May 2009,taking the Xilinguole typical steppe as experimental area of the observation,the spectral reflectance,aboveground biomass of the protected grassland and the free grassland were measured and analyzed.It was showed that enclosure improved grassland plant population structure significantly,increased the biomass of forage grasses.During vigorous growth period(July),enclosure had significant advantage in spectral reflectance characteristics,and could greatly improve the four vegetation indexes.The dead ripe period and the green up period had no obvious effects on spectral reflectance characteristics.

Review on Impact of Atmospheric Aerosol Radiation Effect on Crops and Ecological System

REN Yi-fang,WANG Chun-yi,ZHAO Yan-xia(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2010, 31(04):  533-540. 

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The impact of increasing atmospheric aerosol on climate and environment caused serious concern in recent years,among which the aerosol radiation effect on crops and eco-system was more complicated.The impacts of scattered radiation and direct radiation on radiation use efficiency were discussed,according to radiation characteristics and its effect on crop photosynthesis,production and ecological systems.The results showed that atmospheric aerosol affected crop photosynthesis through increasing the scattering radiation and raising the solar energy utilization rate of shaded leaf.Moreover,the impact of atmospheric aerosol on crop yield was related to cloud conditions.In conclusion,aerosol radiation effect had positive impact on NEE and NPP enhancement.

Effect of Low Temperature on the Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MiII.) Seed

DU Yao-dong1,DUAN Shi-ping 2,CHEN Xin-guang1,HU Fei2(1.Climate Center of Guangdong Province,510080 Guangzhou,China;2.College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,510642 Guangzhou)

2010, 31(04):  541-545. 

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It was investigated that the effects of low temperature on germination of tomato seed at the different days after sowing in climatic chamber.The 3 grades of low temperature were 7～12℃,5～10 ℃,and 3～8℃ respectively,with the CK was 18～25℃(min-max temperature during 24 hrs).The results showed that the tomato seed germination process began affected as the daily average temperature was less than 10.0℃(corresponding to 7～12℃ treatment),the temperature was lower,the impact on germination was greater compared with CK.Furthermore,the earlier low temperature encountered,the impact on germination of tomato seed was greater.As low temperature was encountered within three days after sowing,germination potentials,germinating index,germination rate of tomato seed were all sharp descend.But effects of low temperature on three indexes decreased significantly when it affected six days after sowing.Low temperature effects on tomato seed germination resulted in the descend of α-amylase activities,and the ascend of relative ion leakage of tomato seed,and thus decreased the degradation of tomato seed starch and enhanced the permeability of seed cell membrane.To be sure enough and strong seedlings,it should be avoid seeding tomato during first 7 days after sowing culture in open.

Effects of LED Light Quality R/B Ratio to Quality of Sweet Potato Plantlets in Vitro and Energy Saving

YANG Ya-ting,CHENG Rui-feng,YANG Qi-chang,XIAO Ping(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS/Key Laboratory for Agro-environment and Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China)

2010, 31(04):  546-550. 

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A LED(Light Emitting Diode) lighting tube for tissue culture was developed by using red LEDs(660±20nm) and blue LEDs(450±20nm).The ratio of red light intensity to blue light intensity(R/B ratio) was set at 4,6,8 and 10 respectively with a total PPF(Photosynthetic Photon Flux) of 35 mol·m-2·s-1.The sweet potato plantlets in vitro grown 28 days under four different R/B ratios and the normal fluorescent lamp were used as a control.Effect of the R/B ratio on the growth of sweet potato plantlets in vitro and the energy consumption with different R/B ratios were investigated.The results showed that the combination of red light and blue light could inhibit excessive growth,reduce plant water content and improve the root-shoot ratio.The fresh weight of above ground,leaf water content and height of plantlet were highest under fluorescent lamp conditions,but they also showed excessive growth and low dry matter accumulation.The stem length,root-shoot ratio,fresh weight of shoot and shoot water content were improved by the high R/B treatment.The root fresh weight and the root-top ratio were highest in the R/B treatment at 8.The R/B treatments had not significant influence on the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.The energy consumption of LED tubes had a linear relationship with the R/B ratios and reduced by 27.6%～48.0% compared to the fluorescent lamp.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Surface Runoff under Different Application in the Double Cropping Rice Fields in Hunan

SHI Li-hong1,2,JI Xiong-hui1,2,LI Hong-shun1,TIAN Fa-xiang1,2,PENG Hua1,2,LIU Zhao-bing1,2(1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China;2.Research Center of Agro-Environment of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125)

2010, 31(04):  551-557. 

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It was significant to study the nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface runoff in double cropping rice filed for guiding the rational fertilizer and protecting water environment.The surface runoff losses under different nitrogen and phosphorus application in double cropping rice field in Hunan was studied based on field experiment data combining with runoff plot.The results showed that both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations increased with application increasing in single runoff.Ammonium nitrogen and saltpetre nitrogen were the predominant forms of nitrogen surface runoff.Ammonium nitrogen was dominant in prophase of double rice growth season and saltpetre nitrogen in anaphase.The ratios of dissoluble phosphorus to total phosphorus of runoff water were 11.0%～94.0%.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface runoff under their different application were 3.710～7.290kg·ha-1 and 0.200～0.320kg·ha-1,and erosion coefficients were 1.870%～3.771% and 0.327%～0.966%.There was good linear correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface runoff and their application.Their coefficients were 0.978 and 0.997.Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus application in double cropping rice filed appropriately could decrease the losses from surface runoff and mitigate damage to surface water quality.

Characteristics of Sunshine Durations Change at Flue-cured Tobacco Growth Stages Last 35 Years in Western Henan

GUO Song1,XU Zi-cheng1,SU Yong-shi2,CHEN Yan-chun2,WANG Xiao-guo2,WANG Man1,MA Song1(1.College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Sanmenxia Company of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Sanmenxia 472000)

2010, 31(04):  558-562. 

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Based on the meteorological data of sunshine durations in 35 years in the main tobacco growing areas of western Henan,the trend of climate change of sunshine durations at tobacco growth periods was analyzed.Accumulative anomaly analysis and slide T detection methods were used to examine the points with abrupt change of sunshine durations.The results showed that the changes of sunshine durations in western Henan had a rather wide range and had a decreasing trend in last 35 years,with the trend coefficient of-25.4 hrs/10y.Sunshine durations were long in May and June,and short in September.The decreasing trend of sunshine durations was significant(P<0.05)in root elongation stage.The trend coefficient at different growth periods was root elongation stage(-11.5 hrs/10y)> maturing stage(-11.3 hrs/10y) > vigorous growth stage(-2.6 hrs/10y).The sunshine durations during tobacco growth period in Sanmenxia were longer than those in Luoyang.Mutation analysis showed that the saltation of sunshine durations at tobacco growth period in western Henan occurred in 1981.

Effects of Accumulated Temperature before Winter on Growth and Development of Wheat in Henan Province

LI Qiao-yun,NIAN Li,LIU Wan-dai,LI Lei,ZHOU Su-mei,YIN Jun**(National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

2010, 31(04):  563-569. 

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To provide basis for adjusting the sowing time and improving the utilization of natural resource.The experiment with the scope of accumulated temperature before winter(ATW) from 350 to 900℃·d for three semi-winterness(SW) and three weak springness(WS) wheat varieties was conducted.The results showed that the days and accumulated temperature required from sowing stage to emergence of seedling stage was increased along with ATW decreased.The days and the accumulated temperature increased 0.7 days and 3.7(SW) or 2.5℃·d(WS) respectively with ATW reduced 100℃·d.There was a significantly positive correlation between ATW and foliar age and accumulated temperature required by every leaf before wintering.The foliar age and the accumulated temperature required by every leaf decreased 0.9(SW) or 1.0(WS) leaf and 5.0℃·d respectively with ATW reduces 100℃·d.The date of single and double ridge stage was delayed in the spike differentiation processes along with ATW decreased.The single ridge stage was longer 10.0(SW) or 12.9(WS) days and double ridge stage was shorter 15.5(SW) or 17.4(WS) days approximately with ATW reduced 100℃·d.The results indicated that the suitable ATW for foliar age of sound seedling was 550-750℃·d(SW) and 450-600℃·d(WS),and survive ATW over winter was 650-800℃·d(SW) and 550-700℃·d(WS).Considering to two aspects above,the suitable ATW was 650-750℃·d(SW) and 550-600℃·d(WS) in Henan province.

Climatic Adaptability Division for Rape Planting in Hubei Province Based on GIS

MIN Cheng-cheng1,MA Hai-long1,2,WANG Xin-sheng1,3,WANG Li-ling1(1.College of Resources Environment,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;2.Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;3.Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education,ECNU,Shanghai 200062)

2010, 31(04):  570-574. 

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The spatial distribution of climate factors without-station in Hubei province was calculated based on the data from 81 meteorological stations by using the method of GIS-based small grids reckoning of climate resources.Then the relationship between climate elements and rape yield in each county was studied.The results showed that rape yield had significant correlation with precipitation at seeding stage and average temperature at peduncle-growing period.Three suitable regions for rape planting were divided in Hubei province according the result.So rape could be planted in Hubei province apart from west mountain region.The northeast and southeast were general suitable regions,while the central and northern plains were the most suitable regions.

Climatic Suitability and Regionalization of Banana Planting in Guangdong Based on GIS

XUE Li-fang1.2,SHEN Shuang-he1,WANG Chun-lin2(1.Department of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Guangdong Climate Center,Guangzhou 510080)

2010, 31(04):  575-581. 

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The indexes of climatic division for banana planting were identified through the correlation analysis between the banana yields and the climatic factors from 1992 to 2005.On the basis of the climatic data from 1971 to 2000 and latitude,longitude,altitude,slope and aspect information of the corresponding site,the spatial analysis models of zoning factors were gotten by the multiple linear regression analysis.Then the raster distribution maps of each meteorological element with grid resolution of 1km×1km were worked out.By the function of spatial analysis of GIS,the banana planting climatic zoning map of Guangdong province was done based on the comprehensive standard.The most suitable region accounted for 17%,the suitable region accounted for 18%,the sub-suitable region accounted for 25% and the unsuitable region accounted for 40%.Finally,the district maps could be provided to the department of agriculture planting for helping them in district choosing to avoid the impact of disaster.

Change Trends of Grassland Coverage and Pasture Growth in the Northwest Area of Tibet

GAO Qing-zhu1,DUAN Min-jie1,LI Yu-e1,WAN Yun-fan1,GUO Ya-qi1,LIU Shuo1,MA Xin1,BIAN Duo2(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratoryfor Agro-Environment & Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;2.Tibetan Plateau AtmosphericEnvironmental Science Research Institute,Lhasa 850001)

2010, 31(04):  582-585. 

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Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) data(from 1981 to 2006),this paper revealed the dynamics of alpine grassland vegetation coverage and pasture growth in the northwest area of Tibet(NWT) by the method of remote sensing technique.The preliminary results were as follows: the alpine grassland vegetation coverage of NWT was very low that the average value was only 27.2% for many years.In terms of spatial distribution of grassland vegetation coverage,the eastern region had a relatively higher coverage of grassland vegetation;the western had the lowest vegetation coverage.During the period of 1981-2006,the average grassland vegetation coverage had a slight increasing trend,and most of the grassland area(60.7%) in NWT did not show a significant vegetation coverage change.The area with a significant decrease of vegetation coverage variation accounted for only 3.6% of the total grasslands surface,whereas that with a significant increase accounted for 35.7%.The grassland vegetation coverage in the western region had a marked rising trend while the coverage in the eastern regions had a decreasing tendency.

Analysis of Vegetation Variation and its Effect Factors in Northwestern China during 1981-2001

ZHANG Tai-ren1,2,ZHANG Jia-hua3,SHEN Yan-bo4,DUO Fu-xue5(1.Gansu Agriculutural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;2.China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;3.ChineseAcademy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;4.National Climate Center,Beijing 100081;5.Alashan Meteorological Administration, Bayanhot 750300)

2010, 31(04):  586-590. 

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The vegetation is important to maintain the ecological environment in northwest region,and it is affected by climate factors significantly.Dynamic monitoring of the vegetation variation could reflect the trend of climate change to some extent.In this paper,NDVI data and the corresponding temperature and precipitation data during 1981-2001 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in vegetation coverage and the corresponding factors.The results showed that vegetation coverage in the Northwest region appeared a clear seasonal variation.The vegetation coverage reached its maximum in July and August with the rising temperature and increasing precipitation.From the inter-annual change in point of view,the growth of vegetation was also significantly different in dry years and wet years.It was poorer in dry year than that in wet year,and the difference in summer was larger than that in spring.Meanwhile,from 1981 to 1995 the vegetation coverage appeared improvement as a whole area but degeneration in some local areas from 1996 to 2001.

Climate and Ecological Environment Analysis on Water-level-fluctuating Zone in Dachang with Oncomelania Snail Breeding

MEI Yong 1,TANG Yun-hui 1,YANG Shi-qi1,CHENG Zhi-jun 1,WU Cheng-guo2(1.Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Chongqing 401147,China;2.Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Controland Prevention,Chongqing 400042)

2010, 31(04):  591-595. 

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Based on 1∶50000 DEM and hydrological data of Three Gorges reservoir in Chongqing,considering to the change of water-level-fluctuating zone,the distribution of Oncomelania snail breeding in Dachang,Wushan was analyzed by using ArcGIS technology.Climatic ecological environment of Oncomelania snail breeding were analyzed by using of climatic data and vegetation factors.The results showed that all monthly average temperatures were greater than 5.87℃,the threshold of Oncomelania snail growth.The minimum of annual accumulated temperature(>5.87℃),6160.7℃·d,was greater than the threshold of whole generation of Oncomelania snail demand,5821.38±70.05℃·d.The minimum active accumulated temperature(>11.79℃) during March to April was 642.1℃·d,the minimum annual precipitation was 997.3mm,the average NDVI value was 0.22.The climatic ecological environment conditions of Dachang could meet the demand of Oncomelania snail.So,it was necessary to strengthen surveillance of the potential Oncomelania snail habitats in Three Gorges reservoir region to prevent the snail spreading from Hubei and Sichuan areas.

Environmental Analysis on Lightning Forest Fires in Daxing'an Mountain

DU Chun-ying,YU Cheng-long,LIU Dan(Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin 150030,China)

2010, 31(04):  596-599. 

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To understand the environmental characteristics of lightning fires and improve forecasting accuracy,based on meteorological data,vegetation,terrain and other basic information,the environment of lightning forest fire in Daxing'an Mountains was analyzed.The results showed that the occurrence of lightning fires had a positive correlation with the thunderstorms and a negative correlation with humidity index.65.29% of lightning fires was occurred in larch forest,and 36.77% of those was occurred in flat slope region,of which 84.99% was occurred in the region of slope 1°-4°,and tended to the region of 200-1300m attitude,in particularly 300-800m.

Prediction of Wheat Dry-hot Wind in Changzhi City

WANG Zheng-wang1,MIAO Ai-mei2,LI Yu-fu3,CHEN Yu-bin1,LI Hong-fei1,WANG Shu-feng2(1.Changzhi Meteorological Bureau,Changzhi 046000,China;2.Shanxi Meteorological Observation,Taiyuan 030006;3.Jincheng Meteorological Bureau,Jincheng 048000)

2010, 31(04):  600-606. 

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Based on the daily highest temperature,the relative humidity at 14∶00 and wind speed during 1st to 20th in June from 1977 to 2006 from 5 observation stations in Changzhi city,the circulation situation in height of 500hPa,the configuration of temperature and humidity in height of 850hPa and the characteristic of ground pressure field of the 30 dry-hot winds were analyzed.The results showed that the 500hPa circumfluence situation,which resulted in dry-hot wind weather process,included four weather models: two groove-one ridge,northwest airflow,one groove-one ridge,and East Asian large groove.Hetao region was controlled by the huge warm-lower system in the ground pressure field.850hPa weather map,the dry warm area were in the range of 105 °E to 117°E and 32°N to 40°N,and its intensity affected dry-hot wind intensity.The dry-hot wind weather process in June 1-3,2009 was predicated successfully by using the numerical forecast products of Europe center and China's T213,T639 and the landmark weather model method and 850hPa dry warm area index.

Meteorological Condition Grades Forecast for Occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guene

BAI Xian-da,TANG Guang-tian,ZHANG Ya-xin,ZOU Li-xia,JIANG Yun-zhi (Guilin Meteorological Bureau,Guilin 541001,China)

2010, 31(04):  607-611. 

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By comparing the occurrence data of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guene and meteorological data in past five years in Guilin region,the meteorological factors of affecting the occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guene were selected.According to the factors,the meteorological condition grades forecast model for occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guene was established by using regression analysis method.The model was used to predict the meteorological condition integrity grades,which included long-term forecast and short-term forecast.Also considering the weather forecast results,the model could predict whether the future meteorological condition was suitable to occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guene,in quarter a year,one month,even one week.The forecast accuracy rate was more than 70%,which played a great role in agricultural activities.

Climate Characteristics of Frost and Its Forecast in Wuwei City

YANG Xiao-ling1,2,GUO Li-mei2,DING Wen-kui2(1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and ReducingDisaster of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster,CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Wuwei Meteorological Bureau,Wuwei 733000)

2010, 31(04):  612-616. 

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Based on frost data(the lowest ground temperature ≤0℃) of four meteorological stations in Wuwei city from 1960 to 2009,the climate characteristics,including temporal and spatial distribution,intensity,and sustainability were analyzed.The result showed that frost mainly occurred in the north mountainous area and edge of the desert.Annual and decadal frost days decreased.Frost mainly occurred in early and mid of May and the later of September.Frost days decreased gradually along with the frost intensity's enhancement.Frost more than 2 days occupied 56.4%~65.1%.By using ECMWF numerical forecast grid field of May and September from 2003 to 2007,the lowest ground temperature forecast equation was established with optimal subset regression.The prognostic equations was significant(α=0.01),its back substitution fitting rate was 56.7%~66.7%;forecast accuracy rate was 51.8%~60.0%,which had achieved certain forecast level.

Effects of Rainfall Intensity on Eggs of Helicoverpa armigera

HUANG Jian1,GAO Yong-jian2,LI Yang1,ZHANG Pu1,WANG Min-zhong1(1.Institute of Desert and Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;2.Plant Protection Station of Shawan Country,Shawan 832100)

2010, 31(04):  617-620. 

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To reveal the effect of prevention and controlling Helicoverpa armigera by physical methods in Xinjiang region,the field experiment of scouring by different rainfall intensity and lab experiment of covering by different soil was conducted.The results showed that scouring rate increased with intensity of rainfall.The eggs couldn't be hatched if they were completely covered by mud.However,it could be hatched if they were half covered,even same to without covered by mud.Hatching rate had low correlativity to soil moisture.It was difficult to kill the eggs by rainfall.So it was not practice that controlling Helicoverpa armigera just by rainfall in Xinjiang region.

Index of Frost Damage for Apple Blossom and Its Forecast Method in Shaanxi Fruit Base

CHAI Qian1,2,LI Ke2,LIU Lu2(1.College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 723000,China;2.Shaanxi Meteorological Serving Station for Economical Crop,Xi′an 710015)

2010, 31(04):  621-626. 

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In order to improve capability of disaster prevention and mitigation of Shaanxi fruits industry,and take quantified frost damage forecast during apple blossom,the frost damage index model during apple blossom was established,based on apple phenological data and meteorological data in last 40 years from 7 representative meteorological stations.According to the model,the frost damage index was divided into five grades from strong to weak.Through testing with the Kth-order auto-regression,the predicting accuracy rate was 66.7%,which played a great role in frost damage forecasting during apple blossom.

Temporal and Spatial Change of Hail Concentration Degree(HCD) and Hail Concentration Period(HCP) in Southeast Guizhou

GU Xin1,ZHANG Yan-mei2(1.Southeast Meteorological Bureau,Kaili 556000,China;2.Liupanshui Meteorological Bureau,Liupanshui 553001)

2010, 31(04):  627-632. 

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Based on the hail observation data of 16 stations in southeast Guizhou province from 1961 to 2008,considering to Hail Concentration Degree(HCD) and Hail Concentration Period(PCP),temporal and spatial variation of hail in southeast Guizhou was analyzed by using the methods of Morlet analysis,Mann-Kendall catastorophe test,and linear trend estimate.The result showed that the spatial distribution of HCD and HCP had significant difference in southeast Guizhou,which could be divided into four key regions depanding on the topography.The temporal distribution of HCD and HCP had remarkable periodical variation in every region.Besides,HCP showed delayed trend in Guizhou province except for south and northeast region.