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10 June 2010, Volume 31 Issue 03

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Long Term Climate Numerical Simulation over China by Regional Climate Model PRECIS

WANG Fang-dong1,2,XU Yin-long1,LI Tao3(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;2.Beijing Space-FlightControl Centre,Beijing 100094;3.National Marine Environmental Forecasting Centre,Beijing 100081)

2010, 31(03):  327-332. 

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A numerical simulation during 40 years(1961-2000) with a horizontal resolution of 50km over China was carried out by the regional climate model PRECIS,which was driven by ERA40 reanalysis data.The simulated temperature and precipitation were analyzed by comparing with observations.The results showed that the model performed well in simulating the annual and seasonal patterns of spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation over China,and could reproduce well inter-annual change of temperature and precipitation,especially the warm winters in late 1980s and the summer extreme precipitation in 1998.However there were still some disadvantages about the model.A systematic warm bias of about 1～3℃ was found in the simulated temperature over China,more annual precipitation was simulated in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, the scope of the precipitation in south of the Yangtze River and Sichuan basin were obviously too large,and the location moved south.Overall,the model showed better in simulating temperature than precipitation,both spatial distribution and inter-annual change.

Difference Analysis on Climate Change in Huaihe Valley in Henan Province

SU Kun-hui1,YAN Jun-ping1,LI Jian-shan2(1.College of Tourism and Environment,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,China;2.Henan Institute of Meteorological Science,Zhengzhou 450003)

2010, 31(03):  333-337. 

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Based on meteorological data of 9 stations from 1957 to 2007 in Henan province,the difference of climate change in Huaihe valley was analyzed by using linear regression,mathematical statistics with ArcGIS.The results showed that the north-south dividing line of climate in Henan province was the area(between 34°40′N and 34°50′N) among the east of Qinling mountain and Shaying river,which is the largest tributary of Huaihe valley.The temperature increased both in south and north of Huaihe valley,but it changed in different period.For example,it increased consistently before 1960s,but decreased slightly during 1960s-1980s.Since mid-1980s the temperature increased intensely.The annual average precipitation decreased before 1980s both in south and north.However,it decreased intensely in north and increased intensely in south during 1980s.Both increased simultaneously in 1990s.In general,it was abrupt change stage in 1980s as it kept high temperature and more rainfall and big temperature difference between north and south after 1990s.

Impacts of Climate Change on Phenophase of Two Species Migrants

YANG Li-hui1,2,ZHENG You-fei1,2,XU Xia-zhen1,3,WU Rong-jun1,2,SU Ru-bo4(1.Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters of Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044;3.Jiangsu Climate Center,Nanjing 210008;4.Troop 94900,PLA,Zhangzhou 363000)

2010, 31(03):  338-343. 

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Based on the meteorological data of Dafeng station from 1960 to 2007 and the phonological phase for two kinds of migrants such as barn swallow(Hirundo rustica) and indian cuckoo(Cuculus micropterus) during 1989-2007 and 1995-2007.The climate change and response of two kinds of migrants to climate changes were analyzed,by using the statistics,multiple stepwise regression and M-K abrupt analysis method.The results showed that the annual average temperature increased at the rate of 0.18℃ per decade(P<0.01),and abrubt change occurred during 2004 to 2005.The annual average wind speed reduced significantly(P<0.01).The sunshine duration and the annual precipitation changed no significant(P>0.05).The initial immigration period(IIP) for barn swallow and starting warble phase(SWP) for indian cuckoo were advanced.The duration between SWP and halting warble phase(HWP) of barn swallow was significantly extended,as indian cuckoo was shortened at the rate 20.2d per decade.The main climate factors,which affected IIP and the duration between IIP for barn swallow and HIP for indian cuckoo were different.But in general,phenology of migrants was very sensitive to climate change,which could consider as the indicator of climate change.

Spatial-temporal Precipitation Variation over Jilin Province during 1960-2008

ZENG Li-hong1,2,SONG Kai-shan 1,ZHANG Bai1,WANG Zong-ming1(1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130012,China; 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

2010, 31(03):  344-352. 

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Based on annual precipitation data of 38 meteorological stations in Jilin province and the vicinity area,spatial-temporal characteristics of precipitation over Jilin province during 1960-2008 was analyzed by using deviation coefficient,climate inclination rate,REOF analysis,Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall mutation test method.The results showed that multi-annual average precipitation in Jilin province was 300~950mm,with a spatial decreasing tendency from southeast to northeast and central-western.Precipitation decreased during the last 50 years more than 90% area of Jilin province,except for in Wangqing,Luozihe,Jingyu,Huadian stations.Based on REOF analysis,spatial structure of precipitation in Jilin province was divided into 4 highly correlated anomaly regions i.e.the southeast,the western,the northeast and the central region.4 typical stations such as Tonghua,Tongyu,Luozihe and Jiaohe showed obvious periodic oscillations,and the first primary periodic for each station was 9,23,25 and 19 years.Mutation analysis derived from Mann-Kendall test indicated that Tonghua and Tongyu station had significant mutation points in 1975 and 1998 respectively,and both the two mutation points were demarcation points between humid period and drought period,while Luozihe and Jiaohe showed no mutation point during last 50 years.

Effect of Climate Warming on Rice Growing Stages in Xinyang

XUE Chang-ying1,2,LIU Rong-hua1,2,WU Qian3(1.Henan Institute of Meteorological Science,Zhengzhou 450003,China;2.Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique,CMA,Zhengzhou 450003;3.Xinyang Agrometeorological Experiment Station,Xinyang 464000)

2010, 31(03):  353-357. 

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Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2008 of Xinyang meteorological station and rice phonological data from 1981 to 2007 of Xinyang agro-meteorological experimental station,the effects of climate warming on rice growth stage in Xinyang area was analyzed.The results showed that annual average temperature increased in last 48 years,especially after 1981.Temperature increased significantly in April to May during rice growing season,resulted in rice sowing and transplanting date advancing,which was benefit to early emergence and strong seedlings.However,the temperature did not change lot during the mid-and-late growing season,resulted in the duration from transplanting to heading extending,which was benefit to prolong the period of panicle initiation and formation for large panicle and yield improvement.

Dynamic Change of Farming Period in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2008

WANG Jian-yuan1,FAN Li-ju1,ZHANG Xuan2(1.Climate Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031,China;2.Meteorological Observatory of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031)

2010, 31(03):  358-363. 

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Based on the meteorological data of 86 meteorological stations in Shandong province from 1961 to 2008 and digital elevation models (1∶250000),the farming period was calculated by using regression analysis method.Statistical analysis and spatial analysis were carried out 15 grid layers with beginning date and ending date of farming period by GIS.The results showed that the beginning date of farming period started at southwest,and moved gradually to northeast,Shandong peninsula and the central mountain in Shandong province was late.The ending date of farming period started at the central mountain in Shandong province,and moved gradually to southeast,Lunan and southeast coast was late.The average farming days increased from north to south.The beginning and ending date of farming period was delayed during 1970s,and advanced during 2001-2008,while the ending date of farming period was on the contrary.The farming period increased at the rate 4.2 days per 10 years from 1961 to 2008.The accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ or ≥10℃ increased at the rate 46.3℃/10y and 23.13℃/10y,respectively.

Analysis on Climate Change in Minjiang Estuary Wetland

ZHANG Xing1,PENG Yun-feng1,XIE Yi-fang1,CHEN Hui2(1.Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350001,China;2.Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Fuzhou 350001)

2010, 31(03):  364-368. 

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Based on the observational data of 3 meteorological stations in Minjiang estuary wetland from 1961 to 2006,the variation analysis of precipitation and temperature was conducted by using linear regression and Mann-Kendall method.The results showed that the annual average temperature from 1961 to 2006 increased obviously with the rate 0.26℃ per 10 years.Abrupt change occurred in 1994.The average temperature of each seasons increased,especially in winter,abrupt change occurred in 1990s and early 21st century.The annual precipitation changed little.To sum up,it was becoming warm-humid from cold-dry in Minjiang estuary wetland during last 46 years,whose advantage was bigger than disadvantage to local ecological system.

Restoration Evaluation of Bioactive Humic Substances on Desertified Soil in Xinjiang Glycyrrhiza uralensis Production Area

YU Jiang,ZHU Chang-xiong,GUO Ping,TIAN Yun-long,LIU Xue(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

2010, 31(03):  369-373. 

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Bioactive humic substances(BHS) were applied to restore the desertified soil in Xinjiang Glycyrrhiza uralensis production area.The dynamic change of soil total nitrogen and organic carbon contents during the 90th and 190th day after application of BHS was studied,followed by analysis on the change of other soil nutrients contents.Comprehensive evaluation of the restoration effects!of BHS was analyzed by principal component and cluster analysis method.The results showed that BHS could improve significantly soil main nutrients contents within 190 days and the optimal application rate was 450kg·ha-1.The content of soil total nitrogen,organic carbon,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,extractable humic substance carbon,fulvic acid carbon and humic acid carbon improved by 21.6%,15.9%,36.6%,20.0%,13.9%,21.0%,17.4% and 25.2% respectively comparing with CK.The restoration effect with different application rates of BHS,according to principal component method,ranked as follows: 450kg·ha-1> 750kg·ha-1> 600kg·ha-1>300kg·ha-1>150kg·ha-1>CK.

Temperature,Humidity and Salinity Dynamic of Stalinization Land and Its Agricultural Utilization in Hangjin Banner in Inner Mongolia

YANG Ze-long1,BA Yan1,FENG Ri-sheng2,BAI Li-yun2,BAO Cai-xia2,Li Xia-zi1(1.Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Science,Huhhot 010051 China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Hangjin Banner in Inner Mongolia,Hangjin 014700)

2010, 31(03):  374-378. 

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Based on experiment data which conducted on salinity fields of Yellow river irrigation area in Inner Mongolia in August 2008,the dynamic change of soil temperature,moisture and salinity in three plots(i.e.bare land,planting fields with corn and alfalfa) were analyzed by using ANOVA and canonical correlation analysis(CCA).The results showed that the dynamic pattern of ground temperature,soil moisture and total salt of three plots was basically in order of bare land,alfalfa field and then corn field.With a more significant correlation with moisture dynamics,the soil temperature on 0-5cm was an main thermal factor to drive water and salty dynamic in tillage layer(0-30cm).Vegetation could mitigate salt amount in earth surface,and reduce the degree of soil alkalization.Owing to a lower sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) than corn planting,alfalfa planting with crop rotation was a good option for salinity fields.

Effect of Different N/P Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and N Use Efficiency in Irrigation Area of Ningxia

LI Qiao-zhen1,CHEN Xiao-qun2,LI Yu-zhong1,ZHANG Xue-jun2(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,MOA,Beijing 100081,China;2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yingchuan 750002)

2010, 31(03):  379-383. 

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Based on field experimental data for irrigation rice in Lingwu,the effects of different N/P fertilizer application on rice yield and N use efficiency were studied.The results showed that the yields of 12 N/P treatments were 7.361t/ha~10.680t/ha,28%~85% higher than CK.The yield increased if adding appropriate fertilizer N based on low level of P,as same as adding appropriate fertilizer P based on low level of N.So treatments 6(N15P6),4(N15P9),5(N15P3),3(N10P9) got the best yield-composition,of which treatment 6 got best yield as 10.679t/ha.The treatment saved N by 25%,increased yield by 17.4% and efficiency of N by 20.7%.In conclusion,coupling of N15P6 was a best solution to apply and extend in irrigation area of Ningxia.

Climatic Distribution Indicators of Inner Mongolia Grassland Based on Holdridge Classification System

GONG Xiang-fu1,2,LIU Shou-dong1,QIAN Shuan2(1.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081)

2010, 31(03):  384-387. 

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Based on meteorological data from 105 stations in Inner Mongolia,three elements of Holdridge life zone classification system,annual precipitation,annual biotemperature and potential evapotranspiration ratio,were calculated,and the threshold of three elements of Inner Mongolia grassland types were determined.On that basis,the general climate index(GCI) of Inner Mongolia grassland was constructed,and the quantitative climatic distribution indicators of Inner Mongolia grassland types were determined.Inner Mongolia grassland types were divided according to the climatic distribution indicators,which was consistent with the actual types of Inner Mongolia grassland.The climatic distribution indicators could reflect the spatial distribution conditions of Inner Mongolia grassland types,and could apply to Inner Mongolia grassland climatic regionalization.

Variation Analysis on Pan Evaporation and It's Influence Factors in Jangxi Province Last 46 Years

GU Ren-ying1,ZHOU Suo-quan1,SONG Jie1,2,SUN Shan-lei1,SHI Jian-hong1,3,LUO Yang1(1.Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;2.Northern Illinois University,Dekalb 60115,USA;3.Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau,Wenzhou 325027,China)

2010, 31(03):  388-394. 

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Based on the observational data of 79 meteorological stations in Jiangxi province from 1960 to 2005,the variation of annual pan evaporation and the relationships among other meteorological elements,including percentage of sunshine duration,cloud cover,temperature(diurnal temperature range,mean temperature,minimum temperature and maximum temperature included),wind speed at 10m above ground,saturation vapor pressure difference,annual precipitation and relative humidity,were analyzed.The results showed that the annual evaporation in west and center of Jiangxi province was less than in south and the Poyang Lake region.But in last 46 years,the annual pan evaporation decreased continuously at a rate of 4.57mm/y.68 stations showed decreasing of 79 stations.The correlation coefficient between annual pan evaporation and energy supply factor(the percentage of sunshine duration) was largest,followed by the dynamic factor(wind speed at 10m above ground) and the small one was the relative humidity.Their complete correlation coefficients were 0.37,0.33 and 0.23 under 0.05 significant levels.Jiangxi province was affected by the percentage of sunshine in general,but for the southwest and Poyang Lake nearby,it was affected more by the relative humidity and the wind speed.The decrease of pan evaporation resulted from the decline of sunshine percentage and wind speed as well as the increase of relative humidity.The multiple regression equation,established based on the percentage of sunshine,wind speed and relative humidity,could express the regional averaged annual pan evaporation with high precision.

Effects of Solar UV-B Radiation on Antioxidase Activity in Tobacco Leaf

CHEN Zong-yu1,WANG Yi2,ZHONG Chu1(1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;2.Technical Center of Hongta Group,Yuxi 653100)

2010, 31(03):  395-401. 

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Pot experiments were conducted in Tonghai(24°07′N,102°45′E,1806.0m altitude) and Dayingjie(24°21′N,102°33′E,1591.0m altitude),two main tobacco-planting areas of Yuxi,Yunnan province.The relationships between tobacco(cultivar K326) leaf SOD,POD and CAT activities and solar UV-B radiation changes were studied under natural conditions and treatment by reducing 25%,50% and 65% of ambient UV-B radiation conditions in field experiment.The results showed that solar UV-B radiation intensity in Dayingjie during tobacco growing period was higher than Tonghai due to local climate characteristics,which was contrary to the normal situation of UV-B radiation with altitude in large scale of Yunnan area.SOD and POD activities of tobacco leaf in Dayingjie were higher than that in Tonghai.SOD and POD activities became weaker with UV-B radiation reducing.However,CAT activities in different treatments kept same.From the time dynamics,three enzymes were negative correlation with UV-B radiation change,SOD and POD showed strong cumulative effect.However,CAT activity affected scarcely by UV-B radiation.It was key period to three kinds of antioxidase activities different among treatments from late July to early August.The results indicated that SOD and POD were sensitive to UV-B radiation change,and tobacco maturity stage was the sensitive period of SOD and POD activities response to UV-B radiation.

Situation and Countermeasures to Agro-meteorological Services on Controlled Environment Agriculture in China

GAO Hao1,2,LI Zhen-fa1,PAN Xue-biao3,GUO Jing1,LIU Shu-mei1(1.Tianjin Climate Center,Tianjin 300074,China;2.Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100029;3.College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

2010, 31(03):  402-406. 

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The rapid development of controlled environment agriculture in China and the uninterruptedly development of meteorological science and technology expedited controlled environment agro-meteorological service.The controlled environment agriculture required special meteorological services as its special characteristics,such as off-season production,environment controlling and high resources utilization efficiency.The adverse effects of meteorology factors on controlled environment agriculture were discussed,and the current situation of controlled environment agriculture was reviewed.The results showed that current services could not meet the requirements of controlled environment agriculture on project design,regional distribution,and environment control and resources utilization.Suggestions for improving services were put forward, including evaluating project of controlled environment agriculture,regional distribution of climatic resources,monitoring and warning system on agro-meteorology,resource utilization,energy saving and the strategy to adapt climate change.

Application of Heat Isolation Curtain for Thermal Release Controlling in Chinese Solar Greenhouse

WANG Shuo,YANG Qi-chang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS /Key Open Laboratory for Agro-environment and Climate Change,MOA,Beijing 100081,China)

2010, 31(03):  407-410. 

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The north wall is a significant thermal storage structure in Chinese Solar Greenhouse,which could adjust indoor temperature.Low temperature during early morning in the greenhouse could prevent plants growth.So an effective method to increase indoor temperature in early morning was put forward in the study.Heat isolation curtain could adjust the wall's thermal flux.The practice in Beijing showed that the curtain covered on the north wall(sunny 16∶00-4∶00,cloudy 16∶00-3∶00) prevented 38.5% heat releasing in sunny day and 38.9% in cloudy day.After curtain taken off(sunny 4∶00-8∶30,cloudy 3∶00-8∶30),the amount of heat flux was 7.2% higher than CK greenhouse in sunny day and 13.5% in cloudy day,which meant the indoor temperature was 0.28~0.32℃ higher than CK greenhouse during whole early morning.

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Yield Components and Grain Quality during Heading Stage

XIE Xiao-jin1,2,LI Bing-bai1,LI Ying-xue2,LI Hao-yu2,ZHAO Xiao-yan2,YANG Shen-bin2,WANG Zhi-ming1(1.Institute of Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;2.Colloge of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

2010, 31(03):  411-415. 

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The effects of high temperature stress on yield components and grain quality of japonica rice Yangdao 6 and japonica rice Nanjing 43 in plant growth chamber with two temperature treatments during heading stage were studied.The results showed that brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,number of grains per panicles,seed setting rate,kernel weight,soluble sugar content and protein content in two rice varieties were lower,chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were higher.Moreover,the damage on yield components and grain quality in two rice varieties were more serious with elevation of stress temperature and elongation of stress time.Index of heat sensitivity(HIS) and the damage degree for Nanjing 43 was higher than that for Yangdao 6 under the same high temperature stress.So the capacity of high temperature tolerance of Yangdao 6 was higher than Nanjing 43.The results could provide important theoretical evidence for revealing the damage mechanism on yield components and grain quality,selecting stronger heat tolerance of rice cultivar.

Effect Assessment of Artificial Precipitation during Tobacco Transplanting Stage in Western Guizhou

CHI Zai-xiang1,2,ZHANG Pu-yu1,ZONG De-hua3,ZHOU Xiao-ping4,WU Hua-hong1,ZOU Shu-ping5(1.Meteorological Bureau of Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553001,Chian;2.Guizhou key lab of mountounious climate and resources,Guiyang 550002;3.Guizhou Province Meteorological Bureau,Guiyang 550002;4.Liupanshui City Tobacco Company,Liupanshui 553001;5.Guizhou Province Weather Modification Operations Command Center,Guiyang 550002)

2010, 31(03):  416-422. 

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Taking the tobacco productivity and economic benefit as indexes,the effect assessment of artificial precipitation were stimulated with the double-contrast,the region regression and direct economic efficiency estimation.The effect of artificial precipitation in Western Guizhou during April and May from 2001 to 2009 was evaluated.The results showed that the average precipitation increased 314.2% and the economic benefit increased 0.743 billion Yuan RMB.The artificial precipitation had positive effect to the tobacco planting area and economic benefit in western Guizhou.When average rainfall increased 350%,the tobacco planting area could reach 7000ha.When average rainfall increased not be more than 150%,the tobacco planting area could not be more than 5200ha.

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture in Irrigated Farmland

TAN Kai-yan,FANG Shi-bo,REN San-xue(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

2010, 31(03):  423-426. 

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Based on the daily observation data and experiment data in Gucheng experimental station of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture in irrigated farmland was analyzed.The results showed that soil moisture changed as one year cycle.Soil moisture in the depth 0-50cm fluctuated significantly,which could reflect soil moisture condition in 0-200cm soil layer,as soil moisture below 60cm changed little.So soil moisture monitoring should concentrate to the depth 0-50cm.Multi-point repeat measurements were needed because the relevance of soil moisture became less with the distance of two sample points extending.Soil moisture in 0-10cm surface layer could reflect accurately soil moisture condition to some extent,so it was suitable to use microwave remote sensing below 5 GHz frequency.

Dynamic Prediction Method for Rice Yield Based on Influence Index for Bumper or Poor Harvest from Historic Yield in Heilongjiang Province

DU Chun-ying,LI Shuai,WANG Liang-liang,ZHU Hai-xia,WANG Qiu-jing,GONG LI-juan,WANG Ping(Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Science,Harbin 150030,China)

2010, 31(03):  427-430. 

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Rice is one of the most important crops in Heilongjiang province.It is significant to study rice yield prediction method for food production in this region.Based on historic meteorological influence index for bumper or poor harvest of rice,a dynamic prediction model was established for region-specific rice yield,by using the data of rape yield,development stage,daily maximum and minimum temperature,daily precipitation and daily sunshine duration from individual main producing region.The key meteorological factors,which affected the rice yield,were determined by using correlation analysis method,and the corresponding yield prediction model was established.The dynamic prediction model for the trend of bumper or poor harvest was revised.Rice yield was predicted dynamically with the model from 1997 to 2006,which showed that the average accuracy of the increase or decrease trend for rice yield was 90%,70%,90% and 80% for May 31,June 30,July 31 and August 31 respectively.The dynamic prediction model realized a successive dynamic quantitative prediction of rice.

Impacts of Precipitation and Accumulated Temperature on Winter Wheat Yield in Tianjin

LIU Fang,LI Zhen-fa(Tianjin Climate Center,Tianjin 300074,China)

2010, 31(03):  431-435. 

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Based on winter wheat yield data from 1960 to 2008 in Tianjin,the main meteorological factors and their trends,which affected winter wheat yield,was analyzed by using statistic method.The result showed that the main meteorological factors affecting winter wheat yield in Tianjin were precipitation in 3 periods of the whole growth period,jointing to grain filling stage,before sowing and the accumulated temperature before overwintering.The precipitation in 3 periods decreased in early stage and increased during late stage. Accumulated temperature increased significantly.Regression equations for rice yield showed that the threshold of precipitation and temperature were as follows,the precipitation in the whole growth period,jointing to grain filling stage, before sowing should be 122mm,41mm,36mm respectively;the accumulated temperature before overwintering should be 511-627℃.So the probability of precipitation deficit was 22%～80% during 3 periods in last 49 years.However,the effect of rainfall on winter wheat production was decreased due to improving irrigation capacity.The probability of low temperature was 10%～50% and high temperature was 8% before overwintering for winter wheat.Accumulated temperature affected rice yield apparently.

Photosynthetic Response to Light and CO_2 of Two Tobacco Cultivars in Yuxi of Yunnan Province

ZHONG Chu1,WANG Yi2,JIAN Shao-fen1,LI Zheng-feng2,CHEN Zong-yu1(1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;2.Technical Center of Hongta Group,Yuxi 653100)

2010, 31(03):  436-441. 

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The photosynthetic light-response curve and CO2-response curve characters of two main tobacco cultivars(Nicotiana tabacum L.var.K326 and NC297)of Yuxi Yunnan province were compared depending on field experiment data.The results showed that two cultivars had different photosynthetic characteristics.The maximum photosynthetic net rate(Amax),light compensation point(LCP),light saturation point(LSP),apparent quantum yield(AQY),apparent carboxylation efficiency(ACE) and stomata conductance(Cs) in NC297 were higher than that in K326.The water use efficiency(WUE) of NC297 was higher than K326 because of greater net photosynthetic rate(Pn) in NC297 than in K326.Furthermore,the photosynthetic pigments(including chlorophyll a,b and caroteniod)and soluble protein contents were higher in NC297 than in K326.The results indicated that NC297 had greater carboxylation rate,light use efficiency and adaptation to strong light,higher photosynthetic capacity and WUE,so it had higher potential manufacturability in the experiment region.

Influence of Climate Change on Climate Potential Productivity in Yunnan

LI Meng,ZHU Yong,HUANG Wei(Yunnan Climate Center,Kunming 650034,China)

2010, 31(03):  442-446. 

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In order to analyze how did climate changes of Yunnan affect climatic potential productivity(TSPV),the spatial distribution and annual change of TSPV were concluded from the average annual temperature, annual precipitation and Thornthwaite Memorial Model of 117 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2009,and TSPV changes were simulated in the background of climate changes in the future.The results showed that the average TSPV of Yunnan province was 1439.2 g m-2 per year,the lowest was in northeast and northwest,and the highest was in southeast and southwest.Generally speaking,for nearly 49 years the average of Yunnan province and annual change of each station was not prominent.The usage of TSPV in Yunnan province was low;the actual output of grain was only 19 percent of TSPV in average.In the background of obviously growing temperature,slightly decreasing precipitation and large annual changes,the correlation coefficient between TSPV and precipitation was more than that of TSPV and temperature.Precipitation was the main restricted factors to TSPV.The sensitivity analysis showed that the warm and wet climate would benefit to the TSPV,while the cold and dry climate would make an adverse impact on the TSPV in the future.And in the future,the warm and dry climate would come into being more easily,then TSPV would decrease,and it would be adverse to agricultural growth.

MODIS-based Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor Content in Northeast China

WU Jun-jie1,2,SONG Kai-shan1,LIU Zhi-ming2,WANG Zong-ming1,DU Jia1,ZENG Li-hong1,JIANG Guang-jia1,WANG Mo-wei2(1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130012,China;2.College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024)

2010, 31(03):  447-452. 

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Based on MODIS data during June to August in 2008,the atmospheric water vapor content in Northeast China was retrieved by using the two-channel and the three-channel ratio method.The results showed that the two-channel ratio method performed better for the water vapor retrieval in Northeast China,and the determination coefficient for the regression of the retrieved water vapor against the measured value was 0.81.Further more,the comparison of estimated vapor content and real ground data from the sounding stations over the woodland,cropland and grassland revealed that two-channel ratio method was better than three-channel ratio method,and woodland obtained the highest retrieval precision with the determination coefficient of 0.92.Finally,the spatial distribution characteristic of vapor content was analyzed by comparing the data retrieved from the two-channel ratio method with land-use classification data.The atmospheric water vapor content was closely correlated with land-use types when other conditions were similar.Except for dry cropland,the order of average vapor content for different types of land use was basically the same: water-body>paddy-field>woodland>grassland>unused,which was consistent with the evapo-transpiration pattern of underlying surface.

Feasibility Analysis for Acquiring Crop Harvest Index(HI) with Remote Sensing

DU Xin,WU Bing-fang,MENG Ji-hua,LI Qiang-zi(Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

2010, 31(03):  453-457. 

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As crop Harvest Index(HI) was very important to estimate crop yield accurately by remote sensing technology,the feasibility of estimating crop HI with remote sensing technology was discussed through analyzing HI mechanism and reviewing remote sensing technology application.HI process dynamic could be monitored,and the model to estimate HI could be established,combining temporal-spatial character of remote sensing information.There were three methods to estimate HI by remote sensing technology according to this study.First,describing and analyzing the crop growing process with high temporal resolution remote sensing data.Second,acquiring the environmental parameters with remote sensing and then to estimate the HI using these parameters.Third,by crop structural parameters acquired from radar or laser radar data.The characteristics of different kinds of remote sensing data were analyzed and their advantage and disadvantage in estimating crop HI were discussed.With the multi-development of remote sensing data sources and launch of satellite with new remote sensing sensors,the crop HI estimation model would be improved with a higher accuracy.The validation should be done not only at a pixel scale(with field observation),but also comparing with the other information data sources,such as the regional statistical data,due to the characteristics of remote sensing data in spatial distribution.

Review on Impacts of Meteorological Factors on Occurrence and Development of Forest Pests

ZHANG Jian-xin1,QIAN Jin-xia1,REN Hui-long2,LI Fen3,HOU Run-lan4(1.Shanxi Meteorological Service Center for Decision Making,Taiyuan 030006 China;2.Shanxi Meteorological Information Center,Taiyuan 030006;3.Shanxi Meteorological Video Center,Taiyuan 030002;4.Shanxi Meteorological Science & Technology Service Center,Taiyuan 030002)

2010, 31(03):  458-461. 

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The survival,development and eruption of forest pests have close relationship with meteorological conditions.In order to protect forest resources and reduce forestry loss,it is very important to study the suitable meteorological indices for occurrence and development of forest pests.Based on lot of literature in this paper,the application and advantage and disadvantage of several methods,which concerned about the relationship between occurrence and development of forest pests and meteorological conditions,were reviewed. Moreover,the research trend was also discussed.

Agro-meteorology Disaster Index Selection Based on Risk Prediction Method

HOU Shuang-shuang1,JIANG Hui-fei1,LIAO Shu-hua2,GAO Jing1, XIAO Jing1,HUO Zhi-guo3(1.College of Resources and Environment Science,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,China;2.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;3.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081)

2010, 31(03):  462-466. 

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Index selection was basic for forecast and prediction,mitigation and prevention to agro-meteorology disasters.A case study on crop drought-flood index(K) and precipitation anomaly percentage(Pa) was conducted.A series of time sequences on K and Pa about three growth stage of winter wheat(sowing to mature,regreen to jointing,jointing to mature) during 1981-2000,1981-2001,1981-2002,was established in Yuncheng,Shanxi province.Drought and flood disasters during 2001-2003 were predicted by using Markov model and probability distribution function.The results showed that prediction based on K was consistent with the real situation from 2001 to 2003,as the relative veracity was only 55.5% based on Pa.It was indicated that the K as crop drought and flood index was more effective than Pa.The method of selection agro-meteorology disaster index based on risk prediction was simple and convenient,which could recommend to a new method for selecting agro-meteorology index.

Variation Analysis of Freezing Injury on Winter Wheat under Climate Warming in Hebei Province

DAI Li-qin,LI Chun-qiang,YAO Shu-ran,ZHANG Wen-zong(Hebei Institute of Meteorological Science/Hebei Province Key Lab for Meteorology and Eco-Environment,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

2010, 31(03):  467-471. 

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Based on the observed experimental data of winter wheat and climate data of 23 agro-meteorological stations in Hebei province from 1981 to 2007,the variation and trend of winter wheat freezing injury under global warming was analyzed by statistic method.The results showed that the average temperature in winter and the minimum temperature during winter wheat overwinter time had increased significantly.There was no significant downtrend for the range of temperature dropping process when minimum temperature occurred.The negative accumulated temperature decreased obviously during the over-wintering period.The frequency of freezing injury decreased gradually after 1986,and no freezing injury occurred during 1995-2000.Freezing injury came back again from 2000,and acted as extensive temperature reducing at early winter and thawing-freezing damage.The main reasons of frequency rising in freezing injury were as follows,the uncertainty of climate change,abrupt variation of temperature,introducing of weaker winter wheat variety,acclimation shortening of cold resistance,weakening of its intensity,and unsuitable culture measures.Therefore,the prevention of winter wheat freezing injury should take more attention even under climate warming.

Variation Analysis on High-temperature Days in Summer in Shijiazhuang

YAN Fang1,2,CHE Shao-jing1,YUE Yan-xia1,GAO Qi1(1.Shijiazhuang Bureau of Meteorology,Shijiazhuang 050081;2.Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

2010, 31(03):  472-478. 

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Based on high-temperature days data(maximum temperature ≥38℃) from 17 meteorological stations in Shijiazhuang,the variation of high-temperature days in 5 representative stations was analyzed,by using linear regression,polynomial fitting curve,Mexican hat wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall mutation test.The results showed that high-temperature days in mountain and hill region were higher than that in plain region.Linear increasing trend of high-temperature days was stronger in urban and southwest mountain,weaker in northwest mountain and southeast plain,but high-temperature days in northeastern plain showed a weak linear decreasing trend.High-temperature days increased significantly since the 21st century,but the beginning date of increasing in plain region was later than in mountain and hill region.Moreover,all stations with high-temperature days were high stage in less than 10-year cycle,but it was different in southeast plain region.The results indicated that foehn effect in special topography,the maintenance of warm air mass in low-altitude and the urbanization effect had strengthened high-temperature.

Application of Grey GM(1,1) and Residual Correction Model in Prediction of Different Degree Spring Drought

L Xue-mei,ZHANG Lei,LI Bing-wen,ZHANG Yan-long,WU Jun(Meteorological Bureau of Linyi City,Linyi 276000,China)

2010, 31(03):  479-483. 

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In recent years,the frequency and extend of the spring drought occurrence increased in Linyi city.Based on the precipitation data of Linyi city in 1971-2009,spring drought degree was divided by precipitation departure method.The prediction model of spring drought degree was established by using the Grey GM(1,1) and Residual Correction Model.The results showed that the original sequence model equation had good precision for mild spring drought prediction,and the model based on the three times residual series had good precision for moderate and severe spring drought.The next mild spring drought might occur in 2010,the moderate and severe spring drought might occur in 2018 in Linyi.