Table of Content

15 December 2009, Volume 30 Issue S1

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Distribution and Utilization of Climatic Resources in Gansu Corridor

YANG Xiao-ling1,2,DING Wen-kui1,2,DONG An-xiang1,YUAN Jin-mei2(1.Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster,Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Wuwei Meteorological Bureau City of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733000)

2009, 30(S1):  1-5. 

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The distribution of climatic resources in Gansu corridor was analyzed using statistics method.Combined with the strategy of sustainable development and the superiority of climate resources,the main fields and the prospect of rational exploiting and utilizing climatic resources in Gansu corridor was analyzed.The results showed that light-favored and thermophilic crops should be introduced and solar heater and solar cooker should be popularized vigorously in Gansu corridor so that could exploit and utilized climatic resources rational and maximum in Gansu corridor.

Comprehensive Impacts of Adaptation Measures to Climate Change——Based on Maize Production in Jilin Province

DU Kai-yang,SHI Sheng-jin,ZHENG Da-wei(College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

2009, 30(S1):  6-9. 

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Since 1980s,climate change has great impacted agriculture production in northeast China.On the one hand,more heat resources in crop growing season increased the grain yields;on the other hand,human adaptation measures to climate change not only make full use of heat resources,but also increase the effective accumulated temperature and promote the crop production.Taking maize in Jilin Province as an example,the increase trend in heat during crop growth period in Jilin under the condition of climatic warming in recent 30 years from 1976 to 2005 were analyzed.Three adaptation measures,including film-mulching cultivation,mechanical sowing,rational fertilization were studied,and various measures of the effect of improving temperature and shorten growth period were equated into accumulated temperature.The results showed that human adaptation measures made great contribution on grain yield increasing.Taking the man-made thermal effects to climate change as object,it showed that more objective and scientific to assess the impacts of climate change and scientific-technological progress on the agricultural development,as well as to further develop the potential of agricultural production.

Analysis on Monthly and Seasonal Variation of Soil Moisture in Shanghai

ZHANG Hao1,LI Jun1,YANG Jie2,XUE Zheng-ping1,XIN Tiao-er1(1.Shanghai Climate Center,Shanghai 200030,China;2.Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Environmental Sciences Research Institute/ Establishment horticulture technology main laboratory,Shanghai 201106)

2009, 30(S1):  10-15. 

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Based on soil moisture data of three observations in Shanghai,the characteristics of temporal variability of soil moisture were analyzed using trend analysis method with VBA tools for programming and Surfer 8 for map expression.The results showed that monthly variability of 10cm depth of soil moisture fluctuated violently with the lowest soil water content,while 50cm depth of soil moisture fluctuated steadily with the highest soil water content.The monthly fluctuation of different soil depths was basically identical.The highest soil water content of sunny and cloudy day appeared in spring and the lowest in autumn,the highest of overcast day appeared in summer and the lowest in autumn,the highest of rainy day appeared in summer and the lowest in winter.The minimum differences of soil water content among seasons appeared in sunny day while the maximum one in overcast day.The highest soil moisture of each season all appeared in rainy day and the distributions of soil water content under different weather types were basically identical in spring and winter.

Analysis on Precipitation and Water Resource in Weifang City in Last 45 Years

GAO Xiao-mei,MA Shou-qiang,DONG Chen-e,ZHANG Qin,YUAN Jing(Weifang Meteorological Bureau,Shandong Province,Weifang 261011,China)

2009, 30(S1):  16-21. 

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By using the precipitation data of 10 observation stations in Weifang City from 1961 to 2005,the four seasons in Weifang city and the inter-annual and decadal variation characteristics of the precipitation were analyzed with climatologically statistical diagnosis.The results showed that the annual precipitation had great variation and showed obvious decreasing trend.The inter-annual seasonal precipitation decreased,but the decrease amplitude was obviously different.The inter-annual precipitation in summer was the most serious among four seasons,the decreasing was the most obvious and it had important impact on the variation of annual atmospheric water resource in the whole year.The periodic variation of precipitation in Weifang city was analyzed by using MORLET wavelet analysis.It showed that the inter-annual scale and inter-decade scale periodic variation of the average year and season precipitation had significant change in last 45 years.The water resources current situation in Weifang City was analyzed,the results showed that economic sustainable development was restricted by the severe water shortage in Weifang city.

Variation and Causes of Sunshine Hour in Datong in Last 45 years

LI Xiao-zhen1,LU Ju1,DU Cui-fang1,JIA Li-fang1,LU Chun-hua2 (1.Datong Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province,Datong 037000,China;2.Jiexiu Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province,Jiexiu 032000)

2009, 30(S1):  22-24. 

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By analyzing the data of sunshine,clouds,fog,dust,and smoke and so on in Datong in last 45 years,the climate tendency was calculated using the least square method.The results showed that the average sunshine hours of Datong reduced 46.83 hours per 10 years,the percentage of sunshine,the total amount of low clouds,fog,sandstorm and dust tended to decrease,but the change of smoke days tended to increase,especially in winter.The increase was obvious in the mid of 1980s.This indicated that the sunshine decreasing in Datong was mainly due to the human activities,especially the increase of smoke and dust aerosols caused by the rapid growth of industrial emissions of pollutants.

Analysis on Temperature and Precipitation in Northwest of Shandong in Last 50 Years

YANG Xue-bin,DAI Yu-tian(Dezhou Meteorological Bureau,Dezhou 253078,China)

2009, 30(S1):  25-28. 

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By using the methods of linear and R/S(Rescaled Range Analysis),the change and trends of annual precipitation and annual average temperature in Northwest of Shandong were analyzed.The results showed that the temperature increased in Northwest of Shandong in last 50 years with change rate 0.22℃/10a.Hurst index of temperature was 0.92,which indicated that temperature would increase in future.Annual precipitation decreased with change rate 28.8mm/10a.Hurst index of precipitation was 0.61,which indicated that the decreasing trend would continue.The abrupt of the annual average temperature occurred in 1997,while the abrupt of the annual precipitation occurred three times.The abrupt of the precipitation and temperature were not occurring simultaneously.

Impact of Climate Warming on Agricultural Production and Food Security in Shanxi

DU Shun-yi1.2,WANG Zhi-wei1.3,GUO Mu-ping3,LI Dong2(1.Institute of Lanzhou Arid Meteorology,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002;3.Shanxi Climate Centre,Taiyuan 030006)

2009, 30(S1):  29-32. 

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With climate warming,extreme weather climate events increased,and the risk of food production increased too.In last 50 years in Shanxi,climate warming and precipitation decreasing were higher than the national average,which indicated that severe climate changing and serious impact on agricultural production.It is important to take climate change adaptation as a priority strategy,improve agricultural production and ensure food security.First of all,we should make efforts to ease the disasters of extreme weather and the impact of adverse climate on food production,take effective measures to increase natural disasters resist ability on agriculture.Secondly,we should strengthen the groundwater resources protection and reduce crops area which irrigated with underground water.According to the climate characteristics of Shanxi,increasing maize and potato and reducing winter wheat were suggested.Thirdly,we should take good policies and measures to guide farmers,such as using more organic manure instead of chemical fertilizer.Thus,agricultural investment would reduce and the resources would be saved,the quality of cultivated land would improve continuously and the development would be sustainable.

Analysis of Change of Agricultural Climatic Resources in Mosuowan District

LI Lan1,DU Jun2,BAI Su-qin1,LI Yuan-Pen1,LI Ping3(1.Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;2.Xinjiang Lightning Protection Center,Urumqi 830002;3.Shihezi Meteorological Bureau,Shihezi 83200)

2009, 30(S1):  33-37. 

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By analyzing the change of mean air temperature and precipitation from 1959 to 2007 in Mosuowan district.The results showed that the air temperature increased obviously in past 48 years,especially in recent 10 years.The mean air temperature in 4 seasons increased,especially in autumn and winter.The annual precipitation also increased obviously from 1990s to the beginning of this century.The mean precipitation of last decade was 24.98% more than that of last 30 years(1971-2000).In 4 seasons,summer had the most precipitation,following spring and winter.Further analysis showed the change frost-free duration,accumulated temperature of 0℃,10℃,15℃ and 20℃.The results could provide evidences for making use of agricultural climatic resources reasonably,making scientific agricultural development plan and guiding the agricultural production in the district.

Variation of Shallow Geothermal in Linyi in Last 48 Years

PEI Hong-qin1,2,SUN Cheng-wu2,WU Ling-zhi2(1.Meteorological Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031,China;2.Linyi Meteorological Bureau,Shandong Province,Linyi 276004)

2009, 30(S1):  38-41. 

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By using monthly mean temperature in depth of 0-20 cm from 1960 to 2007 at Linyi meteorological station,the variation of average shallow geothermal was analyzed in Linyi in recent 48 years.The results showed that average shallow geothermal in each season increased with the rate of 0.053～0.381℃/10years.The max change was in spring and min change was in summer.Annual average shallow geothermal in each lever significant increased by 0.215～0.297℃/10years,the rate of temperature in depth of 0cm was biggest.Annual average shallow geothermal in the middle 1960s-1980s was cold periods,and that in the late 1980s-1990s was warm periods.The main reasons of impact on geothermal increasing were the increasing temperature and the decreasing precipitation.The result could provide a reference to utilizing climatic resources and adjusting planting division and distribution of agricultural production.

Impacts of Climate Warming on Crops Planting Structure in Tianjin

LIU Shu-mei,GAO Hao,LI Zhen-fa(Climate Center of Tianjin,Tianjin 300074,China)

2009, 30(S1):  42-46. 

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Daily mean temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature and minimum ground temperature based on data from Tianjin observation from 1955 to 2007 were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend,glide average and t-test.Daily mean temperature ≥0℃,≥10℃ and negative accumulated temperature≤0℃,frost-free period and change of the extreme minimum temperature≤-10℃ days were accumulated to research the response of thermal resource to climate warming and the impact of climate warming on agriculture in recent 50 years in Tianjin.The results showed that the thermal resource increased,and the abrupt of climate warming in Tianjin was in 1988,and the annual mean temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature of 1988-2007 were respectively increased by 1.4℃,1.6℃,1.0℃,with a maximal increase of minimum temperature.The warming amplitudes which were in the order of winter>spring>autumn>summer were 2.1℃,1.5℃,1.1℃ and 0.9℃ respectively.The temperature in winter and autumn increased significantly.Accumulated daily mean temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ increased 306.5℃and 293.5℃respectively.The first frost date was delayed and the last frost date advanced,frost-free period prolonged 11.1 days.The negative accumulated temperature≤0℃ decreased 140℃.The mean days of extreme minimum temperature≤-10℃ decreased to 2.5days from 15.2days.The climate of Tianjin became warm significantly since late 1980s,thermal resources increased,the mean sowing date of winter wheat was delayed 5 days and wintering period shortened 23.5 days.Planting index increased,the thermophilic crops(cotton etc.) increased in planting area.

Impacts of Climate Warming on Shaanxi Fruit Industry

LIU Ying-ning,LI Yan-li,LI Mei-rong,LI Jian,FU Yu(Shaanxi Province Meteorological Service Station for Economic Crop,Xian 710014,China)

2009, 30(S1):  47-50. 

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By statistical analyzing the temperature data of the four main fruit representative stations in Shaanxi from 1961 to 2005,the results showed that the annual and seasonal average temperature of the various fruit district increased,particularly in winter,and the most significant warming period was in 1990s.Yan'an fruit district was the climate warming sensitive area,the annual warming was 0.4℃/10a and the winter warming was 0.6℃/10a,the warming of Guanzhong fruit district was not obvious.Climate warming resulted in flowering stage earlier,more frequency suffering to low temperature and frost damage in flower stage,and enlarged the risk of suffering to high temperature damage in fruit expending process.According to the impact of climate warming on the fruit industry,a series of operational countermeasures that mitigation and adaptation to climate warming in the fruit industry production were put forward combining with experience and research.

Technological Options of Regional Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in China

WANG Ya-qiong,MA Shi-ming(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change,The Ministry of Agriculture of China,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(S1):  51-56. 

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The geographic differences in China are distinct and the condition of agricultural production is diversity in different areas.Choosing the agricultural adaptation technologies to climate change according local conditions and making use of the benefit of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects are becoming very important.According to the current research results and agricultural practices in China,the actual and potential adaptation technologies were summarized.Two kinds of the adaptation technology were identified,namely adaptation measures and adaptation technology.Finally the remained existing problems were briefly analyzed in the adaptation research.

Analysis on the Change Law of the Total Soil Moisture Storage during Crop Growth Period

ZHANG Rong-xia1,SUI Yan2,ZHANG Yin1(1.Liaocheng Meteorological Office,Shandong Province,Liaocheng 252060,China;2.Shandong Meteorological Science and Technology Service Centre,Jinan 250031)

2009, 30(S1):  57-59. 

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By analyzing the correlation of weather conditions and annual average total soil moisture storage of every 10cm from soil surface to 50cm depth in soil.The results showed that,during crop growth period with precipitation and irrigation from 1986 to 2006,it was soil loses moisture stage in spring,which was the critical to water and fertilizer management.The conclusion could be used to forecast soil moisture and provide a scientific reference for agricultural management reasonably.

The Correlativity between Photosynthetic Rate and Yield of Winter Wheat under Full-Irrigation and Insufficiency Irrigation

XU Fan,LI Mao-song,WANG Chun-yan,SONG Ji-qing,PANG Yan-mei,HE Shuang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment & Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(S1):  60-63. 

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Ten species of winter wheat which grown in Northern China were selected in this study,they were treated by two water conditions: Full-Irrigation and Insufficiency-Irrigation(Rainfall).Tthen we analyzed the correlation between the photosynthetic rate and the yield.The result showed that under Full Irrigated condition,both the photosynthetic rate and the yield were higher than that under insufficiency irrigation's.The positive correlativity between the photosynthetic rate and the yield was remarkable during the procreate growth period.During the heading-blooming and the beginning of grain-filling stage,the correlation between the photosynthetic rate(Natural light) and the yield was the most remarkable.For the photosynthetic rate(LED),the most remarkable correlation was during the stage of heading-blooming,the beginning grain-filling and the mid-grain-filling.Therefore,more irrigation during heading-blooming and grouting stage could enhance the photosynthetic rate and increase the yield of winter wheat.

Analysis on Change and Cause of pH Values of Precipitation in Jishou City Last 16 years

OU Ai-song1,RAO Ya1,OU Wei2,SHAO Jian-guang1(1.Jishou Meteorological Bureau,Hunan Province,Jishou 416000,China;2.Southern Hunan Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau,Jishou 416000)

2009, 30(S1):  64-67. 

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Using the 16 years' pH values of precipitation to analyze the changing characteristics of year,season and month in Jishou during 1992-2007 and comparing with meteorology data in the same period,the results showed that annual pH values of precipitation in Jishou,as the year goes on,the situation of bias acid precipitation had not improved obviously.pH values of precipitation were low and the frequency of acid rain was high in winter and spring.pH values of precipitation had clearly relations with the cloudy days,wind speed,rainfall intensity,rainfall duration,terrain and urban development.Some measures,such as,industry desulfurization,dustfall and energy saving and emission reduction were proposed to increase the pH values of precipitation and reduce the impacts of acid rain.The results could provide a reference to improving the air quality of the city and the living environment.

Microclimate of Multi-span Plastic Greenhouse and Its Impacts on Quality of Red Globe Grape in Southern China

SHEN Chang-hua1,DAI Lin-gui2,CAO Li-xing2,YE Yong-qing3,QI Min1(1.Nanping Test Station of Agrometeorology,Jianyang 354200,China;2.Jianou Meteorological Bureau,Jianou 353100;3.Nanping Meteorological Bureau,Nanping 353000)

2009, 30(S1):  68-72. 

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By observing and analyzing different height,different mulching,different bagging temperature factors of multi-span plastic greenhouse and quality indexes of red globe grape,such as,average panicle weight,single fruit panicle weight,fruit panicle crossbar size,the content of soluble solid in fruit in north of Fujian.The results showed that the average air temperature was 0.9-1.6℃ higher than that at 50cm and 1.9-2.7℃ higher than that at 0cm in mid-May to mid-July,the difference between average maximum temperature and average minimum temperature of different bagging was 0.7-0.8℃.Daily difference was 0.2℃.The temperature change was beneficial to improving the quality of red globe grape,and especially the combination of different mulching and yellow bagging.The results could provide a reference to promoting the sustainable development of red globe grape industry in north Fujian,and managing production of multi-span plastic greenhouse.

Low-temperature Controlling Experiment for Maize in Jiamusi City

WANG Xiao-qun,FU Zhong-pei,LI Jun-fang,JIANG pei-e(Jiamusi Meteorological Bureau,Heilongjiang Province,Jiamusi 154004,China)

2009, 30(S1):  73-76. 

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Crop varieties distribution need to be re-adjusted in Jiamusi city because of climate warming.In order to avoiding the variety introduction blindness from Jilin and Liaoning,low temperature controlling experiment for three maize breeds(the early maturing variety Longdan No.13 of Heilongjiang province,the middle-late season variety Yuandan No.29 of Jilin province and the late variety Danyu No.39 of Liaoning province) were carried out in Jiamusi in 2007.The results showed that Longdan No.13 and Yuandan No.29 achieved a good results and high output in Jiamusi.Danyu No.39 had high moisture content which was impossible ripe if it met low temperature years,so it was not suitable to plant in Jiamusi region.

Research Advances on Anti-transpirant

HE Shuang1,LI Mao-song1,SONG Ji-qing1,WANG Dao-long2(1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China;2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS,Beijing 100081)

2009, 30(S1):  77-81. 

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Chemical drought resistance technology is a new approach of water-saving technology.It aimed to increasing crop yields and improving water use efficiency,considering soil,crops,water surface together.The paper mainly described Anti-transpirant traits in drought resistance and water-saving technology,including the principles,the types,the current research situations and the applications.

Status Analysis of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and Advances in Domestic and Overseas

YANG Shu-jing,ZHANG Ai-ping,YANG Shi-qi,YANG Zheng-li(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(S1):  82-85. 

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Along with the increase of agricultural investment,the influence caused by ANPS is gradually serious,and so is environment stress.Domestic and overseas ANPS are paid more attention.The characters,types,and models of ANPS have been explored and studied by many researchers.Researches of overseas ANPS were from 60's last century,while domestic ANPS researches were late than the former,which were limited to the researches in narrow sense.The article mainly introduced the status analysis of domestic and overseas ANPS and the advances in ANPS models,analyzed the reason that ANPS formed and discussed the exiting problems in current research and development in the future.

Research on Temperature and Humidity Forecasting Model for Second Energy Saving Solar Greenhouse in Tianjin——Taking Xiqing as A Example

LIU Fang,WANG Tie,LIU Shu-mei(Tianjin Climate Center,Tianjin 300074,China)

2009, 30(S1):  86-89. 

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The temperature and humidity in second energy saving solar greenhouse were monitored and simulated in Tianjin by using the observation system of microclimate.The research established the four simulation factor models of daily mean temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and daily minimum relative humidity on January.The model was good by testing.The models could be applied to the solar greenhouse disaster warning combined with weather forecast.

Agriculture Pollution Appraisal and Control in Wuhai

ZHANG Hong-xia1,WU Jie-Pu2,ZHANG Hong-jian3,ZHANG Hong-wei3,ZHANG Hong-ge3(1.Inner Mongolian Wuhai Meteorological Bureau,Wuhai 016000,China;2.Inner Mongolian Etogqi Meteorological Bureau,Etog 016100;3.Inner Mongolian Alashan Meteorological Bureau,Alashan 750300)

2009, 30(S1):  90-92. 

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The atmosphere,the soil and the water had been polluted because of using the agricultural chemicals,the chemical fertilizer and the agricultural membrane.Therefore,China has established all levels of management structure about the organic foods,formulated produce and the processed products inspection for each kind of food(including fruit).The inspection standards,organic foods base management temporary regulation and one commercial department uses organic foods symbol temporary provisions have released.These work impelled the organic foods and the non-environmental damage food production development advantageously.Although organic foods and non-environmental damage food production starts late in China,but they developed quickly.

Ecological Regionalization Methods of Tobacco-planting in Chuxiong

LU Yong-xin1,ZHANG Ying-cui2,WANG En-chao3,SHENG Yong-kun3,QI Shu-hua1(1.Chuxiong Meteorological Bureau,Chuxiong 675000,China;2.Chuxiong Tobacco Research Institute,Chuxiong 675000;3.Yaoan Meteorological Bureau,Yaoan 675300)

2009, 30(S1):  93-96. 

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Taking tobacco-planting areas as research objects,the experimental study of ecological and classification of climate type were carried out by using the methods of principal component analysis and dynamic stepwise cluster analysis of Statistical Program for Social Sciences(SPSS).The results were output in GIS platform.The method integrated various ecological factors,such as climate,geography,and soil,so the divisional result was more objective and quantitative.The results could be extension cited.Eliminating factors of human disturbance,the result which was based on ecological type divided Chuxiong prefecture into five regions: low elevation excess heat,rich wet tobacco area,middle elevation warm tobacco area,high altitude warm cool tobacco area,low-medium rich hot area and non hot planting area.The divisional result was consistent to several years planting practice in the area,and had practical significance in guiding tobacco production.

Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Warming on the Main Growth Periods of Rice in Chaozhou

DING Li-jia,XIE Song-yuan(Chaozhou Meteorological Bureau,Guangdong Province,Chaozhou 521011,China)

2009, 30(S1):  97-102. 

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By analyzing climate data in recent 50 years and the change of main growth periods of rice in recent 20 years in Chaozhou,the results showed that the temperature had risen gradually since 1980s in Chaozhou,the temperatures in spring and autumn had increased significantly,low temperature and rainy days in spring,cold dews wind weather decreased significantly in autumn.The high temperature days increased significantly in summer.Consequently the accumulated temperature during rice growth stages increased,and each growth stage of rice became earlier,particularly since 2001.Relative analysis on each growth stage of rice and temperature,the results showed that each periods of early rice was significantly negatively correlated with temperature,late rice was positively correlated with temperature but it was not significant.For most growth stages of early rice,it had good correlation with the average temperature since sowing time.Moreover,the countermeasures of rice planting management were put forward to adapt to climate change,which could provided a reference to increase rice yield and quality as well as farmers income.

Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Cotton Production in Northern Xinjiang

WANG Jian-gang,WANG Jian-lin,XU Jian-chun,LI Jian-ming(Altay Meteorological Bureau,Altay 836500,China)

2009, 30(S1):  103-106. 

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By using the method of comparative analysis in suitable climate indexes for cotton cultivation,the climate change in northern Xinjiang and the typical example of cotton cultivation were analyzed.The results showed that the climate in north of northern Xinjiang could meet cotton cultivation demand.Therefore,the experiments on cotton cultivation could be carried out in Ukraine Furukawa Litton south of the region.In this study,it is of great significance in using the positive impacts of climate change,developing the climate resources,and carrying out the reform of the cotton cultivation.

Impacts of Climatic Change on Tobacco-planting in Panxi

GUO Hai-yan,WANG Ming-tian,QING Qing-tao(Agrometeorological Center of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610071,China)

2009, 30(S1):  107-110. 

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By using the methods of trend coefficient and climatic trend rate,the average temperature,tobacco field period(the average temperature from May to September) and precipitation data from 19 stations(1978-2007) in Panxi was analyzed.The results showed that the average annual temperature and the average temperature in tobacco growth period increased significantly,while the precipitation changed little.The change of the average temperature at part of the stations was not in synchrony with the general warming in Panxi,which decline although it was not significant.Combined with the indexes of appropriate climate for planting tobacco in Panxi,it was obtained that the arising of temperature had little effect on the most suitable region for tobacco planting and had a positive impact on suitable region.The results could provide a reference to development plan of tobacco-planting in Panxi.

Gray Relevant Analysis on Impacts of Meteorological Factors on Flower Bud Differentiation of Litchi

WU Zhi-xiang1,2,ZHOU Zhao-de1,3,TAO Zhong-liang1,2,WANG Ling-xia3,YANG Xin-feng3(1.Ministry of Agriculture Danzhou Key Field Station of Observation and Research for Tropical Agricultural Resources and Environments,Danzhou 571737,China;2.Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Physiology/Rubber research institute,CATAS,Danzhou 571737;3.South China University of Tropic Agriculture,Haikou 571737)

2009, 30(S1):  111-114. 

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By using the method of grey correlative analysis,the impacts of meteorological factors on trees' physiological factors,of trees' physiological factors to flower bud differentiation(FBD) and of meteorological factors to FBD of two litchi cultivars was analyzed.The results showed that(1)least relative humidity,minimum temperature and average relative humidity were more effective meteorological factors to litchi trees' physiology;(2)precipitation and sunshine duration were the less effective factors.ABA and IAA concentration in the litchi tresses were the larger effects trees' physiological factors to FBD;(3) minimum temperature was the largest factor to litchi FBD,and precipitation was the least of all the meteorological factors.The results provided an important theoretic basis for some scientific measures in improving litchi FBD.

Climatic Distribution for Tobacco-planting under Rice-tobacco Continuous Cropping in North Fujian

JIANG Zong-xiao1,HUANG Ting-yan2,XU Qian3,SHEN Chang-hua2,JI Qing-wu3,ZHOU Bo-yang2,LIU Xiao-xia2(1.Sanming Meteorological Office of Fujian Province,Sanming 365000,China;2.Nanping Meteorological Office of Fujian Province,Nanping 353000;3.Nanping Tobacco Company of Fujian Province,Nanping 353000)

2009, 30(S1):  115-119. 

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Rice-tobacco continuous cropping was key farming system in north Fujian.The main climatic factors that impacted tobacco planting were the active accumulated temperature ≥10℃ from January 1st to July 20th,the precipitation days of the field nutritional growth period,the precipitation of squaring period.Regarding these factors as climatic distribution indexes,the climatic division model of tobacco planting was built in North Fujian.According to GIS technology,the map of climatic division was made and the production suggestions for rice-tobacco continuous cropping in north Fujian were put forward.

The Daily Variation of Beginning Date of 10℃ and Its Impacts on Growth Period of Winter Wheat in Xinjiang

GAO Jun-ling(Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China)

2009, 30(S1):  120-122. 

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Based on the data of the beginning date of 10℃ during the period 1971-2005 from 71 meteorological stations in Xinjiang and growth period of winter wheat from 14 observation stations,the daily variation of beginning date of 10℃ and its impact on growth period of winter wheat was analyzed.The results showed that the beginning date of 10℃ became earlier,especially since the 1990s.The spatial distribution of the beginning date of 10℃ showed two late-centers.One was situated nearby Hebukesaier.Another was on the neighborhood of Beitashan.There were three regions where the date with ≥10℃ daily average temperature was earlier in southern Xinjiang,including Turpan-Shanshan-Tukeshun Basin,Yanqi Basin,Kashgar and Hotan.The average growth period of winter wheat was earlier generally in the year which the beginning date of 10℃ appeared earlier.The tendency of the green-returning period and rising stage was earlier 1-14 days.The jointing stage was earlier 1-16 days.The mature period was earlier 2-11 days.

Research on Suitable Watering Period of Sunflower in Hetao Irrigation Area

YANG Song1,LIU Jun-lin1,DAN Jian-bing2,ZHAO Yan3,LIU Wei2,LI Xue-bin2(1.Bayannaoer Meteorological Bureau,Linhe 015000,China;2.Linhe Astronomical observatory,Linhe 015000;3.Wuyuan Meteorological Bureau,Wuyuan 015400)

2009, 30(S1):  123-125. 

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By analyzing the change rules of the soil moisture content of sunflower in whole growth period using ten years observation data of soil moisture,it showed that there were three low value stages of soil moisture at 30 days after seedling emergence,flower bug stage,and filling stage in the whole growth period in Hetao irrigation area.Therefore,according to the conclusion and the local watering habit,it designed field watering experiment at different time.Using the orthogonal analysis,the results showed that it is suitable for watering oil sunflower at 30 days after seedling emergence,flower bud,flowering stage and the edible sunflower at 30 days after seedling emergence,flower bud,flowering stage,filling stage.On the basis of different actual production condition,it provided different production suggestion for the development of the sunflower.

Analysis on the Relation between Blue-green Algae Growth and Water Temperature in Lake Tai

REN Jian1,HE Lang1,QIN Ming-rong1,JIANG Ming-shu2,SHANG Zhao-tang1(1.Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 210009,China;2.Suzhou Meteorological Bureau,Suzhou 215021)

2009, 30(S1):  126-129. 

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This paper analyzed the correlation between blue-green algae density and water temperature based on the blue-green algae density and water temperature day-to-day data that observed from Gonghu Xidong,Gonghu Shazhu and Meilianghu Xiaowanli in 2007.It was found that: in Xidong,correlation between blue-green algae density and water temperature of 23 to 32,39 preceding days was the best,and cumulative temperature of 13 to 18,24 to 25 was also the best.In Shazhu,correlation between density and water temperature of 1 to 46,100,113,118 preceding days was the best,and cumulative temperature of 2 to 34 was also the best.In Xiaowanli,correlation between density and water temperature of 1 to 42,65 to 67,82 to 84,96 preceding days was the best,and cumulative temperature of 2 to 38 preceding cumulative days was also the best.

Soil Moisture Monitoring System in Agricultural Areas(Shallow Dry Land) in Qinghai

HU Ling1,WANG Qing-chun2(1.Qinghai Meteorological Scientific Institute,Xining 810001,China;2.Climate Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001)

2009, 30(S1):  130-133. 

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Soil moisture is important information for government decision-making to fight droughts and alleviate disasters.It is also important basis for agriculture and husbandry to fight droughts and rational application to water resources.The system of data management and soil moisture monitoring at 28 stations in Qinghai province were produced with VB computer language.The system included data redeposit,report generation,soil moisture multi-station comparisons and single station change.Graphs combined with charts could visually and clearly reflect the spatial distribution status of monitoring soil moisture,the system could alleviate workload and it is convenient to operational work application.

Evolvement of 1km grid Plant Climate-productivity in Bayannoer

KONG De-yin1,ZHANG Fu-qiang1,LIU Wei2,HUANG Shu-qin1,SU Rui-jun1(1.Bayannaoer Agricultural Meteorological Institute,Linhe 015000,China;2.Bayannaoer Meteorological Office,Linhe 015000)

2009, 30(S1):  134-136. 

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Plant climatic productivities of 16 weather stations around this region were calculated from 1971 to 2000 by Thornthwaite—Memorial.Mathematical model which reflected the relationship between plant climatic productivity and geographic factor was established.Visualization of plant climatic productivities for 1km grid was carried on by using GIS.This estimation result totally and systematic reflected the space distribution status of plant climatic productivity in different date in Bayannoer.The common point was that the plant climatic productivity declined from southeast to northwest.The different point was that the highest plant climatic productivities were from 1991 to 2000 because of more precipitation and higher temperature,the middle plant climatic productivities were from 1971 to 1980 because of more precipitation and lower temperature,the lowest plant climatic productivities were from 1981 to 1990 because of small precipitation and neutral temperature.

Land Surface Temperature Retrieve Based on MODIS Data——A Case Study for Tianjin

WANG Tie,LI Zhen-fa(Tianjin Climate Center,Tianjin 300074,China)

2009, 30(S1):  137-139. 

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Land surface temperature is one of important parameters in meteological and ecological research field.Split window algorithm based on MODIS data was briefly introduced and applied in Tianjin area.Comparison between data retrieval and surface observation data showed that data retrieval could reflect distribution of land surface thermal field.Data retrieval correlates very well with the observation data(R2=0.38,P<0.0001).Linear fitting of different time series data can improve retrieval precision effectively.The results could provide technical support for urban heat island study.

Research Progresses in Yield Forecasting Method Based on Crop Growth Simulation Model in China

HUANG Wan-hua1,4,XUE Chang-ying2,LI Zhong-hui3,YANG Xiao-guang4(1.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003;3.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046; 4.College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

2009, 30(S1):  140-143. 

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The development processes of yield forecasting methods and crop growth simulation models were introduced firstly,as well as the current applications status of main yield forecasting methods.It is prospected that applications of crop simulation models in yield forecasting would be an inevitable trend.Yield forecasting by crop simulation models is based on mechanisms of crop growth and development,and is a dynamic forecasting method.Its applications in food crops and other economic crops have obtained relatively good results.However,the operational dynamic model of yield forecasting based on crop simulation model still needs to be established,and this would become the main direction for yield forecasting.

Spatial and Temporal Change of MODIS-NDVI for Different Grassland in Barkol

YAO Yan-li1,2,LIU Zhi-jun3,LIU Jing 4,XING Wen-yuan2(1.Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;2.Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002;3.Climatic Station of Barkol,Hami 839200;4.Center of Meteorological Information in Xinjiang,Urumqi 830002)

2009, 30(S1):  144-147. 

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Taking monthly change from April to October in 2005 and 2006 as the example,the NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for five typical grasslands of alpine steppe,temperate meadow,temperate steppe-desert,temperate desert-steppe and low-land meadow were analyzed in growth stages by using of remote sensing data of MODIS,which reflected its growth status and characteristics.The results showed that the NDVI values of the five typical grasslands from max to min were: low-land meadow,alpine steppe,temperate meadow,temperate steppe-desert,temperate desert-steppe.The date of the maximum NDVI for low-land meadow,alpine steppe,temperate meadow,temperate desert-steppe and low-land meadow were all existed in July,the date of the maximum NDVI for temperate steppe-desert was unsteadiness.

Analysis and Impact Assessment of Extreme Freezing Disaster in Hunan Province in 2008

ZHOU Hui1,2,HUANG Xiao-yu1,2,LI Zu-xian1,2,LIU Dian-ying3,JU Jing-lin4(1.Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Hunan Province,Changsha 410007,China;2.Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 410007;3.Yiyang Meteorological Station,Yiyang 413000;4.Hunan Climate Center,Changsha 410007)

2009, 30(S1):  148-153. 

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By using more than 50 years climatic data of the daily temperature and precipitation at 96 weather stations in Hunan province,the methods of definition of low temperature,snowfall,freeze-up,frost indexes were confirmed.The space distribution,duration,historical intensity and disaster impacts of low temperature sleety frozen disasters in Hunan province in early 2008 were comprehensive analyzed.The results showed that this low temperature sleety frozen extreme disaster weather rarely happened since the entire meteorological records in Hunan province from the middle Jan.to the early Feb.in 2008.The maximal persistent low temperature days,the longest persistent freeze-up days and the maximal persistent frozen days were the maximum values compared with the same historical periods since 1951.It was considered as the extreme climatic disaster by synthesizing various indexes and statistics.The characteristics of the disaster were intensively temperature falling,widely impacts,long duration and high intensity,resulting in great impacts on agriculture,forestry,electric power,transportation and people's daily life in Hunan province.

Analysis on Low Temperature and Frozen and its Impacts on Agriculture in Hubei Province in 2008

FENG Ming1,HU Ying2,XU Rong-qin3,HUANG Jing1,LIU Zhi-xiong1(1.Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,China;2.Fangxian Meteorological Bureau,Fangxian 442100;3.Hubei Plants Protection Station,Wuhan 430070)

2009, 30(S1):  154-156. 

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The most serious lasting disaster weather with cold air,freezing rain and snow occurred over Hubei province during January 12th to February 3rd in 2008 since the winter of 1954/1955.Agriculture was seriously impacted by the disaster with the characteristics of large amount of rain and snow,the depth of deep snow and the freezing cold continued for a long time.The Analyses and assessment on the basic characteristics of the disaster and its impact on agriculture could provide the basis and reference for combating the natural disaster of this kind in the future.According to relevant information,the weather disaster covered over the whole Hubei province and influenced almost all the departments of the agriculture.90% of the vegetables,70% of the citrus and the tea,40% of the rape,20% of the wheat and 15% of the potato were hit by the disaster;and about 30% of the vegetables,the citrus and the tea were lost.There were about 2384 hectares of crops affected,accounting for crops in the field of 60%,1379 hectares suffered,and 320 hectares totally destructed.Basis on the several on-site investigations,discussing with the bureau of meteorology and visiting some agricultural units,the paper showed the analysis on the influence of this freezing cold weather disaster on the agriculture thoroughly and objectively.

Analysis of Relationship between Forest Fire and Meteorological Conditions in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province

ZHU Shou-yan1,WANG Xiu-zhen2,LUO Jia-jin1(1.Meteorological Bureau of Xianju County,Xianju 317300,China;2.Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310007)

2009, 30(S1):  157-158. 

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Based on data of occurrences of the forest fire and daily meteorological data in 1991-2005 in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province,the key meteorological factors affecting the occurrence of the forest fire were analyzed and constructed by the parallel correlation analysis with the Matlab.The results showed that the probability of the appearance number of the forest fire increased as the minimum air temperature decreased.The minimum relative humidity well represented the dryness of the weather and could be as one of the main indexes for the forecast of the forest fire risk degree.The wind velocity,precipitation and radiation were not significant to the appearance number of the forest fire and the burned area.The quite large number of the forest fire occurred under the conditions with the low wind velocity,rain and cloudy days.

Impacts of Low Temperature Snow Frozen Disaster on Agriculture Forest and Husbandry in Zhaotong in 2008

LI xiao-yan1,HUANG Wei2,OU Guo-hua3,XIA Wen-jian1,LU peng4,LIN Yue1(1.Zhaotong Meteorological Bureau,Yunnan Province,Zhaotong 657000,China;2.Yunnan Climate Center,Kunming 650034;3.Weixin Meteorological Bureau,Yunnan Province,Weixin 657900;4.Kunming Meteorological Bureau Yunnan Province,Kunming 650034)

2009, 30(S1):  159-163. 

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By investigating low temperature snow frozen disaster in Zhaotong from Jan 12th to Feb 20th 2008,the influences of the whole course of severe weather was analyzed and evaluated,using climate statistical methods.The result showed that this frozen disaster,which had the feature of extensiveness,high strength,cold surge,ice-snow and frozen,long lasting,was never happened in the past 50 years and broke all the extreme of meteorological records of Zhaotong area.The total economical loss was up to 3.3 billion RMB,of all the 11 counties areas,Zhenxiong,Weixin,Yiliang,Daguan,Zhaoyang,Ludian and above 1100 meters altitude were the most serious damaged area.

The Main Meteorological Disasters Affecting Watermelon and Defensive Measures in Nanjing

GUO Wen-gang1,ZHANG Xu-hui2,GUO Song-ping 3,XU Bu-lei1(1.Liuhe District Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 211500,China;2.Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 210008;3.Pukou District Meteorological Bureau,Nanjing 211800)

2009, 30(S1):  164-166. 

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By statistical analyzing climate data at Nanjing station for 57 years,the results showed that low temperature and overcast in early spring from March to April affected the seedling and sprouting of watermelon.Flood,hail,gale that caused by plum rains from the middle June to the early July affected the early mature watermelon in picking period,and it also affected the mature,picking,and list of the mid-maturity watermelon.High temperature in midsummer and summer drought in July and August might cause water shortage and drought for late maturing melon field.According to various disaster weather(such as continuous rain,gale,rainstorm,drought and so on) that may affect watermelon growth,and combined with production practice,the countermeasures were put forward,such as,choosing construction watermelon plantation areas,reasonably arranging planting patterns and density,improving management levels,preparing for some defensive measures before disaster weather coming and so on.

The Coupling Analysis on Immigration Peaks of Rice Planthopper in Jiangsu with Low Level Circumfluence Characteristic in 2007

YU Jian-wei1,LIU Mei1,GAO Ping1,YANG Rong-ming2(1.Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory,Nanjing 210008,China;2.Center for Agricultural Techniques Popularization in Jiangsu,Nanjing 210036)

2009, 30(S1):  167-171. 

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By using the data of rice Planthopper of Jiangsu and weather background(stream and temperature field on 700hPa and 850hPa),the low level circumfluence characteristic during immigration peaks was analyzed in Jiangsu 2007.The average circumfluence background and wind velocity distribution that lead to rice planthopper rapid increasing were discussed.The results showed that there were two kinds of circumfluence to arise Jiangsu rice planthopper rapid increasing in 2007.Firstly,there was obvious southwest low level jet due to southwest warm-humidity air stream.Secondly,there was northeast stream by the tropic cyclone moving to north or west.The range of southwest airflow(gale area) in 700hPa and 850hPa took on well showing meaning to rice planthopper area.There was some relation between the gale range in 850hPa of tropical cyclone and back immigration of planthopper in 2007.The results provided references to forecast the rapid increasing time,influence area and back immigration condition.

Review on High-temperature Stress to Rice

MA Bao,LI Mao-song,SONG Ji-qing,WANG Chun-yan (Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development for Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China)

2009, 30(S1):  172-176. 

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High-temperature stress is one of the major disasters to rice production.If high temperature stress occurred at heading stage,rice glumous flower will be infertility and fruit bearing percentage decreasing.If high-temperature stress meet at filling stage,grain-filling would fail and grain weight would be lessen.High temperature stress not only has the impact on the physiological and biochemical indexes,such as,rice photosynthesis,membrane permeability,starch synthesis,soluble sugar,proline and so on,but also on rice yields and quality.

Studies on Discriminant Index of Flood Disaster for Single-season Rice in Anhui Province

XU Ying,MA Xiao-qun,YUE Wei(Anhui Meteorological Institute,Hefei 230031,China)

2009, 30(S1):  177-180. 

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Flood disaster was major meteorological disaster of impacting the yield of single-season rice in Anhui province.The relationship between the precipitation,rain days,sunshine hours and relative meteorological yield were analyzed by using meteorological data of 21 stations in single-season rice main production areas in Anhui province from 1961 to 2005.The hazard factors of single-season rice yield losses in typical years were analyzed too.The indexes and grade standards of flood disaster issues to single-season rice were determined by comprehensive consideration of precipitation,rain days and actual crop evapotranspiration.The frequency of flood disaster with different degree for single-season rice was statistically analyzed by using such indexes in Anhui province in recent 45 years.It showed that the area along Yanhuai was the frequent area of flood disaster.